List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene

The list of extinct animals of Asia features the animals that have become extinct along the history in the Asian Continent. This list only involves extinctions of the Holocene epoch.

Map of Asia

Global Holocene extinctions

Mammalia

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Cave lion Panthera spelaea	10000 BC	Northern Asia and had a widespread across Europe and Southern Asia
Chinese elephant Elephas maximus rubridens	1500 BC	Eastern China	--
Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus Hippopotamus minor	Unknown	Cyprus
Elasmotherium Elasmotherium sp.	29000 BC	Northern Asia
Giant tapir Tapirus augustus	2000 BC	China
Giant deer Megaloceros giganteus	5700 BC[1]	Northern Asia
Stegodon Stegodon florensis insularis	2150 BC	Indonesia (Flores) and Philippine Islands
Steppe wisent Bison priscus	3400 BC[2]	Central Asia to Siberia
Syrian elephant Elephas maximus asurus	100 BC	Middle East
Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius	2000 BC	Northern Asia
Woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis	10000 BC	Northern Asia

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Aurochs Bos primigenius[3]	India (13th century AD), Eurasia (1627)	Northern Asia and Indian Subcontinent
Bali tiger Panthera tigris sondaica[4]	1940s	Indonesia (Bali)
Buhler's coryphomys Coryphomys buehleri[5]	1500s	Indonesia (Timor)	--
Caspian tiger Panthera tigris tigris[6]	1970s	Turkey to China
Caucasian elk Alces alces caucasicus	1850s	Caucasus Mountains, Iran and Turkey
Caucasian wisent Bison bonasus caucasicus	1925	Caucasus Mountains
Cebu warty pig Sus cebifrons cebifrons	2000	Philippines	--
Flores cave rat Spelaeomys florensis	1500s	Indonesia (Flores)	--
Flores long-nosed rat Paulamys naso [7]	1500s	Indonesia (Flores)	--
Formosan clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa brachyura	1990s	Taiwan
Hokkaidō wolf Canis lupus hattai	1889	Japan (Hokkaidō) and Russia (Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka)
Honshū wolf Canis lupus hodophilax	1905	Japan (Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū)
Ilin Island cloudrunner Crateromys paulus[8]	April 4, 1953	Philippines	--
Indian Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis	Before 1925	Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), and India
Japanese river otter Lutra lutra whiteleyi	1979	Japan
Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus[9]	1974	Sea of Japan
Javan tiger Panthera tigris sondaica[10]	1970s	Indonesia (Java)
Northern Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis	Unknown	Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), and India
Queen of Sheba's gazelle Gazella bilkis[11]	1951	Yemen	--
Saudi gazelle Gazella saudiya[12]	Unknown	Arabian Peninsula	--
Schomburgk's deer Rucervus schomburgki[13]	1938	Thailand
Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas[14]	1768	Russia (Commander Islands)
Sturdee's pipistrelle Pipistrellus sturdeei[15]	Unknown	Japan (Bonin Islands)	--
Verhoeven's giant tree rat Papagomys theodorverhoeveni	1500s	Indonesia (Flores)	--
Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus	2010	Vietnam to Malaysia

Possibly extinct

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Baiji Lipotes vexillifer[16]	August 2004	Yangtze River, China
Gloomy tube-nosed bat Murina tenebrosa [17]	1962	Tsushima Island, Japan	--
Kouprey Bos sauveli [18]	1988	Cambodia, Laos, Thailand & Vietnam
Malabar civet Viverra civettina[19]	1987	India

Birds

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Arabian ostrich Struthio camelus syriacus	1966	Middle East
Asian ostrich Struthio asiaticus	10,000 BC	Middle East to Central Asia
Bering cackling goose Branta hutchinsii asiatica disputed subspecies	1929	Russia (Komandorski and Kuril Islands)	--
Bonin grosbeak Carpodacus ferreorostris	1828	Japan (Bonin Islands)
Bonin nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris	1889	Japan (Bonin Islands)
Bonin thrush Zoothera terrestris	1827	Japan (Bonin Islands)
Bonin wood pigeon Columba versicolor	1889	Japan (Bonin Islands)
Bennu heron Ardea bennuides	2000 BC	United Arab Emirates
Cebu hanging parrot Loriculus philippensis chrysonotus	Unknown	Philippines (Cebu)
Cyprus dipper Cinclus cinclus olympicus disputed subspecies	1950	Cyprus	--
Mukojima white-eye Apalopteron familiare familiare	1930	Japan (Bonin Islands)
Ryukyu kingfisher Todiramphus miyakoensis	1887	Japan (Ryukyu Islands)	--
Ryukyu wood pigeon Columba jouyi	1936	Japan (Ryukyu Islands)	--
Spectacled cormorant Phalacrocorax perspicillatus	1850	Russia

Possibly extinct

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Black-browed babbler Malacocincla perspicillata	1843 to 1848	Indonesia	--
Catanduanes bleeding heart Gallicolumba luzonica rubiventris	1971	Philippines	--
Crested shelduck Tadorna cristata	1985	Japan, North Korea and South Korea
Himalayan quail Ophrysia superciliosa	1876	India
Javan lapwing Vanellus macropterus	1940	Indonesia (Java)
Negros fruit dove Ptilinopus arcanus	1953	Philippines
Pink-headed duck Rhodonessa caryophyllacea	1950s	Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar) and India
Rück's blue flycatcher Cyornis ruckii	1918	Indonesia (Sumatra)	--
Siau scops owl Otus manadensis siaoensis	1866	Indonesia (Sulawesi)	--
Slender-billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris	1998	Russia (Siberia)
Sulu bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei	1891	Philippines
Vaurie's nightjar Caprimulgus centralasicus	1929	China	--
White-eyed river martin Pseudochelidon sirintarae	1980	Thailand

Reptiles

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Megalochelys atlas	10000 BC	Indian Subcontinent to Indonesia

Amphibians

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Gunther's streamlined frog Nannophrys guentheri[20]	1882	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus adspersus[21]	1886	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus dimbullae[22]	1933	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus eximius[23]	1933	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus extirpo [24]	1882	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus halyi[25]	1899	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus leucorhinus[26]	1856	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus maia [27]	1860	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus malcolmsmithi [28]	Unknown	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus nanus [29]	1869	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus nasutus[30]	1869	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus oxyrhynchus[31]	1872	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus pardus[32]	Before 1876	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus rugatus [33]	1927	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus temporalis[34]	1864	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus variabilis [35]	Unknown	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus zal [36]	Before 1947	Sri Lanka	--
Pseudophilautus zimmeri[37]	1927	Sri Lanka	--
Yunnan lake newt Cynops wolterstorffi[38]	1979	China (Yunnan)

Fish

Acanthobrama hulensis[39] 1975, Israel
Cyprinus yilongensis[40] 1981, China
Gokce baligi[41]
Alburnus akili, 1998, Turkey
Siamese flat-barbelled catfish[42]
Platytropius siamensis, 1975-1977, Thailand
Tristramella intermedia[43] 1970s, Israel
Tristramella magdelainae[44] Unknown, Syria

Annelida (Oligochaeta) Earthworms

Amynthas japonicus [45] Unknown, Japan

Molluscs

Gastrocopta chichijimana, Unknown, Japan
Gastrocopta ogasawarana, Unknown, Japan
Hirasea planulata, Unknown, Japan
Lamellidea monodonta, Unknown, Japan
Lamellidea nakadai, Unknown, Japan
Littoraria flammea, Unknown, China
Trochoidea picardi, Unknown, Israel
Vitrinula chaunax, Unknown, Japan
Vitrinula chichijimana, Unknown, Japan
Vitrinula hahajimana, Unknown, Japan

References

IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.

Hughes, Sandrine; Hayden, Thomas J.; Douady, Christophe J.; Tougard, Christelle; Germonpré, Mietje; Stuart, Anthony; Lbova, Lyudmila; Carden, Ruth F.; Hänni, Catherine; Say, Ludovic (2006). Molecular phylogeny of the extinct giant deer, Megaloceros giganteus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(1): 285–291. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.004 PDF fulltext Archived 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine. Supplementary data 1, DOC fulltext Supplementary data 2, DOC fulltext Supplementary data 3, DOC fulltext
Zazula, GD, Hall, E., Hare, PG, Thomas, C., Mathewes, R., La Farge, C., et al. (2017). A middle holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the versleuce meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 54(11), pp.1138-1152.
Tikhonov, A. (2008). "Bos primigenius (Aurochs)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera tigris ssp. balica (Bali Tiger)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Chiozza, F. (2008). "Coryphomys buehleri (Buhler's Coryphomys, Buhler's Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2011). "Panthera tigris ssp. virgata (Caspian Tiger, Hyrcanian Tiger, Turan Tiger)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Helgen, K. & Aplin, K. (2016). "Paulamys naso (Flores Long-nosed Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Oliver, W.; Heaney, L.; Ong, P. & Rodriquez, J.C. (2008). "Crateromys paulus (Ilin Bushy-tailed Cloud Rat, Ilin Crateromys, Ilin Hairy-tailed Cloud Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Aurioles, D.; Trillmich, F. & IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group (2008). "Zalophus japonicus (Japanese Sea Lion)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera tigris ssp. sondaica (Javan Tiger)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Participants at the 4th International Conservation Workshop for the Threatened Fauna of Arabia (2008). "Gazella bilkis (Queen Of Sheba's Gazelle, Yemen Gazelle)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Gazella saudiya (Saudi Gazelle)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Duckworth, J.W.; Robichaud, W.G. & Timmins, R.J. (2008). "Rucervus schomburgki (Schomburgk's Deer)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Domning, D.; Anderson, P.K. & Turvey, S. (2008). "Hydrodamalis gigas (Steller's Sea Cow)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Maeda, K. (2008). "Pipistrellus sturdeei (Bonin Pipistrelle, Sturdee's Pipistrelle)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Smith, B.D.; Zhou, K.; Wang, D.; Reeves, R.R.; Barlow, J.; Taylor, B.L. & Pitman, R. (2008). "Lipotes vexillifer (Changjiang Dolphin, Chinese Lake Dolphin, Whitefin Dolphin, White Flag Dolphin, Yangtze River Dolphin)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Maeda, K. (1996). "Murina tenebrosa (Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat, Tsushima Tube-nosed Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Timmins, R.J.; Hedges, S. & Duckworth, J.W. (1996). "Bos sauveli (Grey Ox, Kouprey)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
"Viverra civettina (Malabar Civet, Malabar Large-spotted Civet)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2016-11-09.old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Nannophrys guentheri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Sushil Dutta (2004). "Pseudophilautus adspersus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus dimbullae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus eximius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus extirpo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus halyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus leucorhinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Madhava Meegaskumbura; Rohan Pethiyagoda (2008). "Pseudophilautus maia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus malcolmsmithi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus nanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus oxyrhynchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Madhava Meegaskumbura; Rohan Pethiyagoda (2008). "Pseudophilautus pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus rugatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
S.D. Biju; Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi (2004). "Pseudophilautus temporalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
S.D. Biju; Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva; Sushil Dutta (2004). "Pseudophilautus variabilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus zal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus zimmeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Yang Datong; Michael Wai Neng Lau (2004). "Cynops wolterstorffi (Yunnan Lake Newt)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Crivelli, A.J. (2006). "Mirogrex hulensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Zhou, W. (2011). "Cyprinus yilongensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Crivelli, A.J. (2006). "Alburnus akili (Beyşehir bleak)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Ng, H.H. (2011). "Platytropius siamensis (Siamese flat-barbelled catfish)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Goren, M. (2006). "Tristramella intermedia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Goren, M. (2006). "Tristramella magdelainae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
Blakemore (2019). "Extinction of Japan's first formally described earthworm Amynthas japonicus (Horst, 1883) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)" (PDF). Bull. Kanagawa Mus. 48: 55–60. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

External links

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[1] Hughes, Sandrine; Hayden, Thomas J.; Douady, Christophe J.; Tougard, Christelle; Germonpré, Mietje; Stuart, Anthony; Lbova, Lyudmila; Carden, Ruth F.; Hänni, Catherine; Say, Ludovic (2006). Molecular phylogeny of the extinct giant deer, Megaloceros giganteus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(1): 285–291. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.004 PDF fulltext Archived 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine. Supplementary data 1, DOC fulltext Supplementary data 2, DOC fulltext Supplementary data 3, DOC fulltext

[2] Zazula, GD, Hall, E., Hare, PG, Thomas, C., Mathewes, R., La Farge, C., et al. (2017). A middle holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the versleuce meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 54(11), pp.1138-1152.

[3] Tikhonov, A. (2008). "Bos primigenius (Aurochs)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[4] Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera tigris ssp. balica (Bali Tiger)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[5] Chiozza, F. (2008). "Coryphomys buehleri (Buhler's Coryphomys, Buhler's Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[6] Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2011). "Panthera tigris ssp. virgata (Caspian Tiger, Hyrcanian Tiger, Turan Tiger)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[iucn-7] Helgen, K. & Aplin, K. (2016). "Paulamys naso (Flores Long-nosed Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[8] Oliver, W.; Heaney, L.; Ong, P. & Rodriquez, J.C. (2008). "Crateromys paulus (Ilin Bushy-tailed Cloud Rat, Ilin Crateromys, Ilin Hairy-tailed Cloud Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[9] Aurioles, D.; Trillmich, F. & IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group (2008). "Zalophus japonicus (Japanese Sea Lion)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[10] Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera tigris ssp. sondaica (Javan Tiger)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[11] Participants at the 4th International Conservation Workshop for the Threatened Fauna of Arabia (2008). "Gazella bilkis (Queen Of Sheba's Gazelle, Yemen Gazelle)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[12] IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Gazella saudiya (Saudi Gazelle)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[13] Duckworth, J.W.; Robichaud, W.G. & Timmins, R.J. (2008). "Rucervus schomburgki (Schomburgk's Deer)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[14] Domning, D.; Anderson, P.K. & Turvey, S. (2008). "Hydrodamalis gigas (Steller's Sea Cow)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[15] Maeda, K. (2008). "Pipistrellus sturdeei (Bonin Pipistrelle, Sturdee's Pipistrelle)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[16] Smith, B.D.; Zhou, K.; Wang, D.; Reeves, R.R.; Barlow, J.; Taylor, B.L. & Pitman, R. (2008). "Lipotes vexillifer (Changjiang Dolphin, Chinese Lake Dolphin, Whitefin Dolphin, White Flag Dolphin, Yangtze River Dolphin)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[17] Maeda, K. (1996). "Murina tenebrosa (Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat, Tsushima Tube-nosed Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[18] Timmins, R.J.; Hedges, S. & Duckworth, J.W. (1996). "Bos sauveli (Grey Ox, Kouprey)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[19] "Viverra civettina (Malabar Civet, Malabar Large-spotted Civet)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2016-11-09.old-form url

[20] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Nannophrys guentheri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[21] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Sushil Dutta (2004). "Pseudophilautus adspersus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[22] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus dimbullae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[23] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus eximius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[24] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus extirpo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[25] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus halyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[26] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus leucorhinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[27] Madhava Meegaskumbura; Rohan Pethiyagoda (2008). "Pseudophilautus maia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[28] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus malcolmsmithi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[29] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus nanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

[30] Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Anslem de Silva (2004). "Pseudophilautus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url

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