List of Byzantine composers

The Byzantine Empire lasted from AD 395 to 1453, during which various musical styles arose; even after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 the Byzantine musical tradition continued in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople through figures such as Panagiotes the New Chrysaphes, Petros Bereketis, Petros Peloponnesios, and Chrysanthos of Madytos[1][2] as well as Serbians such as Kir Stefan, Isaiah, Nikola and Kir Joakim.[3] Both sacred and secular music were commonplace, with sacred music frequently used in church services and secular in various events including, ceronmonies, dramas, ballets, banquets, festivals and sports games.[1][2] However, despite its popularity, secular music was continuously criticized by Church Fathers, chief among them: John Chrysostom, Tertullian, Cyprian, Clement of Alexandria, Gregory Nazianzen, Basil the Great, Ambrose, Augustine of Hippo and Jerome.[2]

John of Damascus (c. 675 – c. 749), who was a major proponent of 8th century kanōns and the supposed creator of Octoechos

Composers of sacred music, especially hymns and chants, are well documented throughout the history of Byzantine music. The first major form was Kontakion, of which Romanos the Melodist was the foremost composer. In the late 7th century the kanōn overtook the Kontakion in popularity; Andrew of Crete became its first significant composer. The Kañon reached its peak with the music of John of Damascus and Cosmas of Maiuma and later Theodore of Stoudios and Theophanes the Branded in the 8th and 9th centuries respectively.[1] John of Damascus may have also been responsible for the development of Octoechos.[4]

Composers of secular music are noticeably less documented. Not until late in the empire's history are composers known by name, with Joannes Koukouzeles, Xenos Korones and Joannes Glykys as the leading figures.[2]

Byzantine composers
For composers of the same time in the Western Classical tradition, see List of Medieval composers.
Byzantine composers
Name Lifetime Birthplace Works Image Ref(s)
Fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476
Romanos the Melodist late 5th century – after 550 Jewish-Syrian-born Byzantine Hymnographer
[5]
Kyriakos Composer
Anastasius I Dicorus c. 431 – 9 July 518 Durrës Composer and emperor
Anastasios II Died 719 ?
Andrew of Crete c. 660 – c. 740 Syrian-Born Hymnographer
[6]
John of Damascus c. 675 – c. 749 Syrian-Born Hymnographer
Various Kanōns
[7]
Cosmas of Maiuma fl. early 8th century Syrian Hymnographer
Various Stichēra idiomelas, triōdias and kanōns
[8]
Stephen the Sabaite c. 725 – 796/807 Julis, nephew of St. John of Damascus Hymnographer
Idiomelas in the Triodion, Kanōns
[9]
Theodore the Studite 759 – 826 Constantinople Hymnographer
various hymns
[10]
Theophanes the Branded 775 – 845 Jund Filastin Hymnographer
Contributions in the Parakletike
Kanōns for saints and his brother, Theodorus
[11]
Kassia 805/810 – 865/867 Constantinople Hymnographer and composer
More than 50 liturgical works; 26 have disputed authenticity
[12]
Joseph the Hymnographer c. 816 – 886 Sicilian-Greek
Contributions to the Parakletike,[13] various Kanōns of which 525 survive.
[14]
Joseph the Confessor fl. 9th century ? Hymnographer
Triodia, stikhera and kanōns		 [15]
Leo VI the Wise 866 – 912 Constantinople Hymnographer
Hymns for the Great Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross
[16]
Constantine VII 905 – 959 Constantinople Emperor and Poet-composer
[17]
Nikephoros Ethikos fl. c. 1300 ? Composer of liturgical chant
 [18]
Gregorios Glykys fl. c. 1300 ? Composer of Byzantine chant
stichēron		 [19]
John Koukouzelis fl. 1300–50 Durrës Composer and singer
[20]
Xenos Korones fl. 1325–50 ? Monk and composer of liturgical chant
 [21]
Joannes Glykys fl. Late 13th century ? Composer of Byzantine chant
 [22]
John Kladas fl. 1400 ? Hymnographer
 [23]
Gabriel Hieromonachos fl. first half of the 15 century ? Composer
May be author of a Discourse on the Signs of Chant		 [24]
Manuel Chrysaphes fl. 1440–1463 ? Composer and theorist
Hymns and chants		 [25]
Fall of Constantinople results in the conquest of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire in 1453

References
Specific
  1. Levy 2001.
  2. Touliatos 2001a.
  3. Randel, Don Michael, ed. (2003). The Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 751, 771. ISBN 978-0-674-01163-2.
  4. Jeffery, Peter (2001). "Oktōēchos". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.50097. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  5. Engberg, Gudrun (2001). "Romanos the Melodist". In Lingas, Alexander (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23748. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  6. Follieri, Enrica (2001). "Andrew of Crete". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00894.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  7. Follieri, Enrica (2001). "John Damascene". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14388.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  8. Follieri, Enrica (2001). "Kosmas of Jerusalem". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15408.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  9. Patrich 2001, p. 11.
  10. Thomas, John philip; Hero, Angela Constantinides, eds. (2000). Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents: A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders' Typika and Testaments. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. pp. 85. ISBN 978-0-88402-232-9.
  11. Patrich 2001, p. 174.
  12. Touliatos, Diane (2001b). "Kassia". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40895. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  13. Jeffery, Peter (2001). "Oktōēchos". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.50097. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  14. Toma, Paraskevi, ed. (2018). The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present. Münster, Germany: LIT Verlag. pp. xxi–xxii. ISBN 978-3-643-90995-4.
  15. "Saint Joseph, Bishop of Thessalonica, and brother of Saint Theodore of Studion". Orthodox Church in America.
  16. Cartwright, Mark (2017). "Leo VI". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Horsham, United Kingdom.
  17. Troelsgård, Christian (2001). "Constantine VII Porphyrogennetus". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06331. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  18. Williams, Edward V. (2001). "Ethikos, Nikephoros". In Troelsgård, Christian (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09050. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  19. "Glykys, Gregorios". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 2001. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11305. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  20. Williams, Edward V. (2001). "Koukouzeles [Papadopoulos], Joannes". In Troelsgård, Christian (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15428. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  21. Troelsgård, Christian (2001). "Korones, Xenos". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.51928. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  22. Williams, Edward V. (2001). "Glykys, Joannes". In Troelsgård, Christian (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11306. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  23. Williams, Edward V. (2001). "Kladas [Lampadarios], Joannes". In Troelsgård, Christian (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15917. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  24. "Gabriel Hieromonachos". Oxford Reference. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  25. Conomos, Dimitri E. (2001). "Chrysaphes, Manuel". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05722. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
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