List of Lithuanian-language periodicals (up to 1904)

This list of Lithuanian-language periodicals includes periodical publications (newspapers, magazines) that were published up to 1904 when the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in Lithuania Proper (then part of the Russian Empire). The periodicals were printed mostly in Lithuania Minor (then part of East Prussia, German Empire) and by the Lithuanian Americans in the United States. Some publications published in Prussia were intended for Prussian Lithuanians, the local Lithuanian-speaking minority. Others were intended for Lithuanians in Russia and were smuggled by Lithuanian book smugglers across the Prussia–Russia border.

Publications

The list is sorted in chronological order. The periodicals that lasted for five years or longer are highlighted with darker background. The publication dates, where known and available, are given in the ISO date format YYYY-MM-DD.

#Title (modern spelling)Translated titlePublished inCountryFromToShort description
1Nusidavimai Dievo karalystėjeNews in the Kingdom of GodKönigsberg (Kaliningrad)German Empire18231824/1825A translation of German Königsberger Missionsblatt edited by Hermann Olshausen and published by the Evangelical Missionary Society of Königsberg. It reported on Evangelical missions to Asia and Africa.[1]
2Nusidavimai apie evangelijos prasiplatinimą tarp žydų ir pagoniųStories about the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews and the PagansKönigsberg (Kaliningrad)German Empire18321914Revival of Nusidavimai Dievo karalystėje. It mainly published translated texts from Königsberger Missionsblatt.[2]
3Lietuviškas prielaiškasThe Lithuanian SupplementTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire18491851Published by teacher Mauras Pucas as a supplement to the German liberal newspapers Dorfzeitung für Preußen and Die Freie Gemeinde. The publication ceased after seven issues when the German police confiscated the last issue. Pucas was forced to emigrate to the United States.[3]
4Lietuvininkų prietelisThe Friend of LithuaniansMemel (Klaipėda)German Empire1849-04-051849-12-28A Protestant weekly published and edited by priest Rudolf Andreas Zippel.[4] In total, 38 issues were published (circulation 200 copies). They were four pages in length and mostly covered European news.[5]
5KeleivisPassengerKönigsberg (Kaliningrad)German Empire1849-07-021880-02A weekly newspaper edited by the linguist Friedrich Kurschat and sponsored by the German government. Kurschat sold the newspaper to Adomas Einoras who established Naujasis keleivis which was later replaced by Tilžės keleivis.[6]
6Šilokarčiamos apsakymasReport of ŠilokarčiamaHeydekrug (Šilutė)German Empire1861-04-121862-03-31A bilingual German–Lithuanian weekly (German: Heydekruger Anzeiger) until issue 31 when it became only a German newspaper.[7]
7Lietuviškas laiškasLithuanian LetterInsterburg (Chernyakhovsk)German Empire18621862A newspaper published by German democrats (editor F. Hagen) and aimed against the conservative Keleivis. Mykolas Biržiška believed that it was not a separate publication, but a different name of Lietuvininkų paslas.[8]
8Lietuvininkų paslas savo broliams šviežiausių naujienų pranešąsThe Lithuanian Envoy Bringing the Freshest News to His BrothersHeydekrug (Šilutė)German Empire1863-021864A weekly newspaper established by the German Progress Party in connection with the elections to the Landtag of Prussia. It was edited by Friedrich Wilhelm Siebert. In total, 97 or 98 issues were printed.[9][5]
9Žinia apie lenkų vainą su maskoliaisNews About the Polish War with the MuscovitesInsterburg? (Chernyakhovsk)German Empire1864-02-011864-03-01A bilingual Polish–Lithuanian newsletter of the rebels during the Uprising of 1863 (Polish: Wiadomości o naszej wojnie z Moskalami). Only two issues were published. The Lithuanian text was edited by Mikalojus Akelaitis.[10]
10Pasiuntinystės laiškelis arba bitelė ant pasiuntinystės laukoLetter of the Mission or A Little Bee in the Missionary FieldMemel (Klaipėda)German Empire18751906An irregular publication (frequency varied from twice a month to once a year) by the Lutherans. It was established by Johann Ferdinand Kelch and edited by Mikelis Kybelka (1877–1906). It was replaced by Pasiuntinystės knygelės in October 1907.[11][12]
11Kalvis-melagisSmith the LiarSt. PetersburgRussian Empire1875-12-011876-03-01A secret handwritten newspaper of Lithuanian students launched by Petras Vileišis. In total, about 10 issues were published.[13][14]
12Lietuviška ceitungaThe Lithuanian NewspaperMemel (Klaipėda)German Empire18771940A pro-German newspaper established by Martynas Šernius (Martin Szernus), who was its editor until 1905, and Heinrich Holz. The newspaper was published once a week, then bi-weekly (1900–1913), three times a week (1913–1932), and daily (1932–1940).[15][16] In 1896–1900, it published 38 issues of supplement Laukininko pretelius.[17] This supplement was replaced by ten issues of Lietuvos ūkininkas (The Farmer of Lithuania).[18]
13Ligonių prieteliusThe Friend of the IllGerman Empire18791897An annual medical publication first edited by Eduardas Gizevijus and later by members of the Lithuanian Literary Society.[19]
14Gazieta lietuviškaThe Lithuanian NewspaperNew York, NYUnited States1879-08-161880-01The first Lithuanian newspaper in the United States was established by Mykolas Tvarauskas. It was a Catholic newspaper that supported the traditions of the historical union between Poland and Lithuania. Between 12 and 16 issues were published.[20] It had 132 subscribers. In 1891, Tvarauskas attempted to reestablish the newspaper as New Yorko gazieta lietuviška.[21]
15Tiesos prieteliusThe Friend of TruthPrökuls (Priekulė)German Empire1879/18801882A Lutheran weekly newspaper edited and published by Jurgis Traušys. It published supplements Lekiantieji laiškai rytprūsiškos konservatyvų draugystės (1 February 1881 to 21 February 1882) and Pasiuntinystės nusidavimai. It was replaced by Konservatyvų draugystės laiškas.[22][23]
16Konzervatyvų draugystės laiškasThe Letter of the Conservative SocietyPrökuls (Priekulė)German Empire18801918Original spelling of the title: Konzerwatywu draugystēs laiszkas. It was published by the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies weekly and from 1898 twice a week. In 1886–1918, it published a supplement Keleivis.[24]
17Naujasis keleivisThe New PassengerMemel (Klaipėda)German Empire1880-03-281883-03-30Established by Adomas Einoras, the weekly newspaper replaced Keleivis. It was replaced by Tilžės keleivis.[25] The newspaper published 18 issues of supplement Gaspadorystės laiškas (The Farming Letter) in 1882.[26]
18Pakajaus paslasEnvoy of PeaceMemel (Klaipėda)German Empire18811939A bilingual German–Lithuanian publication by the Lutherans published in Memel (Klaipėda), Friedland (Pravdinsk), and Heydekrug (Šilutė).[27]
19LietuvaLithuaniaKaunasRussian Empire18831883A handwritten newsletter edited by Adomas Jakštas while he was a student at the Kaunas Priest Seminary. In total, four issues appeared before it was forbidden by Antanas Baranauskas, rector of the seminary.[28]
20AušraDawnRagnit (Neman)German Empire18831886The first monthly Lithuanian periodical aimed at the Lithuanians under the Russian rule. It was a key development in the Lithuanian National Revival. The first five issues were printed in Ragnit, others in Tilsit. In total, 40 issues were published in 29 physical booklets (two or three volumes were often combined into a single booklet).[29]
21Tilžės keleivisThe Passenger of TilsitTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire18831924A newspaper that replaced Naujasis keleivis. It was edited by Jurgis Arnašius (1893–1897, 1899–1924).[30] In 1898–1911, it published a weekly supplement Keleivio draugas (The Friend of the Passenger).[31]
22Žinių nešėjasCarrier of NewsSt. PetersburgRussian Empire18841885A secret hectographed newsletter published by Lithuanian students Jonas Beržanskis, Rokas Šliūpas, Povilas Matulionis, Juozas Skrupskelis. In total, about 10 issues were published.[32][33][34]
23Lietuviškas politiškas laikraštisLithuanian Political NewspaperRagnit (Neman)German Empire1884-011886-12A liberal political newspaper first published in Ragnit and later in Königsberg by Kristupas Kibelka. At the end of 1885, it was renamed to Žiūronas (Binoculars). In total, 140 issues were published.[35]
24Niamuno sargasGuardian of the NemanRagnit (Neman)German Empire1884-09-261887-06-30A weekly publication first published in Ragnit and then in Tilsit. It was printed in the Gothic script and published by Jurgis Mikšas, Julius Siebert, Ernestas Vejeris (Ernst Weyer). In total, 39 issues were published.[36][37]
25UnijaUnionNew York, NYUnited States1884-10-261885-04-25A newspaper established by Mykolas Tvarauskas and Jonas Šliūpas. Its name referenced the historical union between Poland and Lithuania. In total, 33 issues were published.[38]
26Lietuviškasis balsasThe Lithuanian VoiceNew York, NYUnited States1885-07-021889-02A newspaper published by Jonas Šliūpas in New York and Shenandoah, Pennsylvania. In total, 96 issues were published.[39]
27GarsasThe SoundTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire18861887A patriotic monthly newspaper that was supposed to replace the discontinued Aušra. It was published by Martynas Jankus. In total, 11 issues appeared.[40]
28Vienybė lietuvninkųThe Unity of LithuaniansPlymouth, PAUnited States18861920A weekly newspaper first published in Plymouth and later in New York. Its editors and political orientation changed frequently, from conservative Catholicism to socialism. It was replaced by Vienybė published until 1985.[41][42]
29 ŽelmuoThe ShootChicago, ILUnited States18871887A liberal newspaper published by Jonas Grinius. Only four issues appeared.[43]
30LiuteronasThe LutheranTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire18871888A religious newspaper published twice a week.[44]
31ŠviesaThe LightTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1887-081890-08A Catholic monthly newspaper.[45]
32SaulėThe SunMahanoy City, PAUnited States18881959A conservative weekly and later twice-weekly. It became a monthly in 1904. It was similar to a tabloid and used archaic language, spelling, and orthography. It published entertainment supplements Linksmi vakarai (The Fun Evenings; 1889–1890) and Linksma valanda (The Fun Hour, 1899–1910).[46][47]
33Žemaičių ir Lietuvos apžvalgaReview of Samogitia and LithuaniaTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1889-101896A fiercely pro-Catholic and anti-Russian newspaper published every two weeks and later monthly. In total, 154 issues appeared.[48]
34VarpasThe BellTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1889-12-101905A monthly newspaper of politics, literature, science first published in Tilsit and later in Ragnit. It was the major periodical of the Lithuanian National Revival.[49][50]
35Naujos žiniosThe New NewsRagnit (Neman)German Empire1889-12-111890-03-26A weekly newspaper published by Kristupas Voska in connection with an election campaign by the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies. In total, 15 issues were published.[51]
36Kentėjimo gromataThe Letter of SufferingNeuruppinGerman Empire18901890A small religious publication.[52]
37KnaptSejnyCongress Poland18901891A secret handwritten newsletter published by Lithuanian clerics at the Sejny Priest Seminary. It was later renamed to Visko po biški (A Little of Everything) and Viltis (The Hope). It was organized and edited by Pranciškus Būčys.[53]
38ŪkininkasThe FarmerRagnit (Neman)German Empire18901905A monthly newspaper geared towards farmers published by the editorial staff of Varpas in Ragnit and later Tilsit.[54]
39Nauja lietuviška ceitungaThe New Lithuanian NewspaperTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1890-11-291923It was published twice a week (until 1910) and later three times a week. It was edited by Mikelis Kiošis. In 1896–1922, it published a weekly supplement Kaimynas (The Neighbor).[55]
40Alyvų lapai iš žemės amžino pakajausThe Olive Branch from the Eternal Peace of the WorldPrökuls (Priekulė)German Empire18911893A religious weekly that was briefly resurrected in 1926.[56]
41TetutėAuntieTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire18911893The first satirical newspaper in Lithuanian. It was published and edited by Martynas Jankus in Tilsit and Bittehnen. It appeared irregularly. In total, 13 issues were published.[57]
42New Yorko gazeta lietuviškaLithuanian Newspaper of New YorkNew York, NYUnited States1891-10-311892-05-07It was a weekly newspaper edited by Mykolas Tvarauskas. In total, 25 issues were published.[58]
43ApšvietaEnlightenmentTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire18921893A monthly magazine of culture and literature published by the Lithuanian Scientific Society and edited by Jonas Šliūpas. In total, 15 issues were published.[59]
44Nauja aušraThe New DawnTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1892-041892-04A single issue was edited by Martynas Jankus. It was an attempt to revive Aušra.[60][61]
45GarsasThe SoundShenandoah, PAUnited States1892-10-131894-08-31A liberal newspaper published by Tomas Astramskas. About 100 issues appeared. Due to financial difficulties, it was sold to a group of Lithuanian priests who established Garsas Amerikos lietuvių.[62]
46LietuvaLithuaniaChicago, ILUnited States1892-12-061920-05-08It was a weekly (daily in 1918–1920) liberal-democratic newspaper.[63] It was published by Antanas Olšauskas (1893–1917) and edited by Juozas Adomaitis-Šernas (1895–1917) and Bronius Kazys Balutis (1917–1919).[5]
47PalemonasPalemonNemunėlio RadviliškisRussian Empire18931893A small hectographed newsletter published by a group of Lithuanian book smugglers and edited by cleric Julijonas Paliukas. In total, three issues were published.[64]
48Lietuviškas darbininkasThe Lithuanian WorkerBittehnen (Bitėnai)German Empire18941894A liberal newspaper published every two weeks by Martynas Jankus. In total, 12 issues were published (circulation 500 copies).[65]
49Ūkininkų prietelisThe Friend of FarmersBittehnen (Bitėnai)German Empire18941894A weekly newspaper published by Martynas Jankus and edited by E. Misupovičius (Misupowiczias).[66]
50ValtisThe BoatPlymouth, PAUnited States18941895A Catholic weekly published and edited by Aleksandras Burba.[67]
51Nauja gadynėThe New EraMount Carmel, PAUnited States1894-01-231896-06-02Established by Jonas Šliūpas, it was a newspaper of the freethinkers. Initially published in Mount Carmel, it later moved to Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, and Scranton, Pennsylvania, and was taken over by the Lithuanian Scientific Society. In total, 89 issues were published.[68]
52Garsas Amerikos lietuviųThe Sound of Lithuanian AmericansShenandoah, PAUnited States1894-10-021899-08-03A Catholic newspaper established after a group of Lithuanian priests purchased Garsas.[69] Established in Shenandoah, it was later published in Minersville (1898) and Elizabeth (1898–1899). Its editors included Antanas Milukas. In total, about 190 issues appeared.[70] In 1897–1898, the newspaper published 11 issues of supplement Lietuviškas kningynas (The Lithuanian Library) which encouraged the establishment of Lithuanian libraries and bookstores.[16] At the same time, it also published supplement Pasaulė (The World) which republished material from newspapers.[71]
53PerkūnasThe ThunderShenandoah, PAUnited States18951895A satirical and humorous newspaper published by Antanas Astramskas.[72]
54Bostono lietuviškas laikraštisThe Lithuanian Newspaper of BostonBoston, MAUnited States1895-11-011895-12-27A newspaper edited and mainly written by priest Juozapas Žebrys who purchased it, moved it to Waterbury, Connecticut, and established weekly Rytas.[73] In total, seven issues were published.[74]
55SiberijaThe SiberiaBrooklyn, NYUnited States18961896A weekly newspaper published by Mykolas Tvarauskas.[75]
56KardasThe SwordBaltimore, MDUnited States18961898A weekly published by Lithuanian freethinkers. In total, 131 issues appeared. In 1898, it published a monthly supplement Galybė (The Might).[76]
57Tėvynės sargasThe Guardian of the HomelandTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire18961904A catholic monthly newspaper edited by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas and Antanas Milukas.[77]
58TėvynėThe HomelandPlymouth, PAUnited States1896presentA newspaper published in Plymouth, PA (1896–1899, monthly), Pittston, Pennsylvania (1900–1901, weekly), South Boston (1908), New York (1908–2001), Chicago (since 2006). It was not published in 1902–1907 and 2001–2006. It is published by the Lithuanian Alliance of America (Lithuanian: Susivienijimas lietuvių Amerikoje or SLA).[78][79]
59RytasThe MorningWaterbury, CTUnited States1896-02-171898-11-23A weekly newspaper established by priest Juozas Žebrys. When he left the parish, Petras Saurusaitis took over Rytas but quickly discontinued it and replaced it with Bažnyčios tarnas. In total, 46 issues were published.[80]
60Lietuvos paslasThe Lithuanian EnvoyTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1896-04-011898-12-31A weekly newspaper published and edited by the linguist Friedrich Kurschat. from October 1897, it was published every two weeks.[81]
61Lietuvos darbininkasThe Worker of LithuaniaZürichSwitzerland1896-05-011899The first periodical of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. It was published in Lithuanian and Polish (Robotnik litewski). Three issues were published: first in Zürich, second in Tilsit, and third in Bittehnen.[82]
62Pensilvanijos darbininkasThe Worker of PennsylvaniaShenandoah, PAUnited States1896-081898A socialist weekly newspaper known as Darbininkas (The Worker) from 1897. It was published and edited by Robertas Kuncmanas and Antanas Lalis.[83]
63AušraThe DawnTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1896-10-221899First published as the weekly Lietuviškasis laiškas (The Lithuanian Letter), it was renamed to Aušra published every two weeks in 1897. It was published and edited by Enzys Jagomastas. In total, 255 or 258 issues appeared.[84][85] In 1889–1890, it published 25 issues of the supplement Namų prietelis (The Friend of the Home) which printed many literary works of Lithuanian writers.[86]
64Amerikos lietuvisThe Lithuanian AmericanChicago, ILUnited States18971897A weekly socialist newspaper that was edited by Jonas Grinius and Juozas Laukis. Only three issues were published.[87]
65Baltasis erelisThe White EagleGipkeliaiRussian Empire18971912A newspaper written and published by book smuggler Jurgis Bielinis. In total, three issues were published in 1897, 1911, and 1912. In 1897, Bielinis obtained a hand-powered printing press and published the only Lithuanian newspaper printed inside the Russian Empire.[88]
66Vardas katalikoThe Name of a CatholicLapšiaiRussian Empire1897-101900A handwritten newsletter for the youth published by Petras Tumasonis.[89]
67Skyrimo ceitunga Klaipėdos bei Šilokarčiamos kreizamsNewspaper for the Klaipėda and Šilokarčiama DistrictsMemel (Klaipėda)German Empire18981898Three issues of an electoral publication by the German progressive parties.[90]
68DirvaThe SoilShenandoah, PAUnited States18981906A quarterly cultural magazine edited by Antanas Milukas. In Lithuania, it was merged with Žinyčia, but continued to be printed as Dirva in the United States.[91] In total, 44 issues were published.[92]
69Nauja draugijaThe New SocietyBaltimore, MDUnited States1898-10-191899-05-19It supported socialist, anarchist, and freethought ideas. It lasted for 19 issues.[93]
70Bažnyčios tarnasThe Servant of the ChurchWaterbury, CTUnited States1898-121904A newspaper published by priest Petras Saurusaitis instead of Rytas. It was a Catholic newspaper advocating teetotalism. Initially named Tarnas bažnyčios, it was renamed Bažnyčios tarnas in 1899 and published weekly. In 1901, it became a monthly.[94]
71Aidas Lietuvos darbininkų gyvenimoThe Echo of the Lives of Lithuanian WorkersBittehnen (Bitėnai)German Empire18991899The first attempted publication by the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. The first issue was translated from Polish by Kazys Grinius. Only two issues appeared.[95]
72ViltisThe HopeShenandoah, PAUnited States18991901A liberal workers' newspaper edited by Antanas Kaupas, Tomas Astramskas, Jonas Montvila, Vincas Šlekys (Stagaras).[96]
73KatalikasThe CatholicChicago, ILUnited States1899-011917-04A Catholic weekly (a daily in 1914–1916). It was edited by Petras Tumasonis-Brandukas in 1903–1910. Its editorial office published about a hundred Lithuanian books and musical works.[97][98]
74VaidelytėVaidilutėGlasgowUnited Kingdom1899-08-251899-11-17A Catholic newspaper published every two weeks by Jonas Montvila ir Vincas Varnagiris.[99]
75ŽiburysThe BeaconSaint PetersburgRussian Empire19001900A secret hectographed newsletter published by Kazimieras Būga and Povilas Paškonis. In total, two issues appeared.[100]
76ŽinyčiaThe Treasury of KnowledgeTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire19001904A cultural magazine established by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas. After five issues, it was merged with Dirva published in the United States. Eight issues of the merged magazine Dirva-Žinynas were published.[101][92]
77SaulėtakaThe SunsetBittehnen (Bitėnai)German Empire1900-01-011902-01-15A monthly literary and political magazine published by Martynas Jankus. In total, 18 issues were printed.[102]
78KūrėjasThe CreatorChicago, ILUnited States1900-02-071900-06-14A weekly that supported freethought and anarchist ideas. About 20 issues were published by Domininkas Keliauninkas (pen name Juozas Laukis).[103]
79Lietuvos sargasThe Guardian of LithuaniaLondonUnited Kingdom1900-07-081900A pro-Russian newspaper published by Kazimieras Pilėnas in competition with priest Boleslovas Šlamas. Only one or two issues were published.[104]
80AteitisThe FuturePittsburgh, PAUnited States1900-091901-05A socialist and freethought newspaper edited by Domininkas Keliauninkas (J. Laukis) and Antanas Lalis.[105]
81Šv. Kazimiero pasiuntinysThe Envoy of Saint CasimirPittsburgh, PAUnited States19011901A monthly Catholic newspaper.[106]
82Darbininkų balsasThe Voice of WorkersTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire19011906A newspaper of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania published in Tilsit and later Bittehnen. Edited by Augustinas Janulaitis, it was published every two months and monthly in 1905. In total, 36 issues appeared.[107]
83GriausmasThunderPhiladelphia, PAUnited States19011907It was edited by J. G. Baronas and published with interruptions.[108]
84AtaskaitaThe ReportUnited States19011910An official publication of the Lithuanian Alliance of America. In total, 32 issues were published.[109]
85ŽvaigždėThe StarNew York, NYUnited States19011944A Catholic newspaper published in New York (1901–1903), Shenandoah, Pennsylvania (1904–1909), and Philadelphia (1909–1944). It was published weekly (until 1923), monthly (1923–1926), and later quarterly. It was edited and published by Antanas Milukas (1903–1942) and Julė Pranaitytė (1943–1944).[110]
86NaujienosThe NewsTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1901-011903-12A liberal monthly newspaper published by the editorial staff of Varpas.[111]
87LietuvisThe LithuanianPhiladelphia, PAUnited States1901-031901-09A liberal weekly newspaper edited by Vincas Daukšys. In total, 25 issues were published.[112]
88DarbininkasThe WorkerChicago, ILUnited States19021903A socialist magazine edited by Domininkas Keliauninkas and Antanas Lalis. Only two issues appeared.[113]
89Biuletenis mielaširdystės darbo gelbėti dūšias apleistas čyščiujeA Bulletin of the Compassionate Work to Save Souls Abandoned in MiseryLa Chapelle-MontligeonFrance19031903A bulletin translated by Julija Pranaitytė.[114]
90Smarkininko krykštavimasCheers of a HotheadTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire19031903A small newspaper devoted to an anti-alcohol campaign.[115]
91Iš gyvaties versmėsFrom the Fountain of LifeTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire19031904A religious publication. In total, 11 issues were published.[116][117]
92KryžiusThe CrossTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire19031904A Catholic monthly newspaper edited by priest J. Jasienskis.[118]
93Juonuomenės draugasThe Friend of the YouthSejnyCongress Poland19031908A secret handwritten newsletter published by Lithuanian clerics at the Sejny Priest Seminary.[119]
94Darbininkų viltisThe Hope of WorkersShenandoah, PAUnited States19031925A liberal newspaper published by Vincas Šlekys, Jurgis Gegužis, and others.[120]
95Pasiuntinybės laiškasLetter of the MissionTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire1903-101910-03A newspaper of Lithuanian baptists printed by Martynas Jankus and edited by Dovas Kalvaitis.[121] In total, 40 issues were published.[12]
96Aušros žvaigždės spinduliaiThe Rays of the Dawn StarMemel (Klaipėda)German Empire1903-12-051904-12-24A serialized publication of sermons by priest Jonas Pipiras.[122]
97SpindulysThe RayBrooklyn, NYUnited States19041907A liberal weekly edited by Vincas Karalius.[123]
98Pasiuntinybės prietelisFriend of the MissionTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire19041908A quarterly publication of the Lutherans. Its circulation reached 5,000 copies.[124]
99PagalbaHelpTilsit (Sovetsk)German Empire19041939A monthly newspaper published by the Lutherans. After the Klaipėda Revolt in 1923, it was published in the Klaipėda Region. Its editors included Vilius Gaigalaitis (Wilhelm Gaigalat) and Martynas Purvinas.[125][126]
100DraugasThe FriendBittehnen (Bitėnai)German Empire1904-041906A socialist publication edited by Vincas Kapsukas and published in Bittehnen and Tilsit. After four issues, it was replaced by Darbininkas (The Worker) of which nine issues appeared.[127]
101Vilniaus žiniosThe News of VilniusVilniusRussian Empire1904-12-101909-03-04The first legal Lithuanian periodical in the Russian Empire after the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in April 1904.[128]

References

Notes
  1. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 373 (#2003).
  2. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 372 (#2002).
  3. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 245 (#1314).
  4. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 210 (#1286).
  5. Tapinas 1997, p. 277.
  6. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 181 (#946).
  7. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 488 (#2666).
  8. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 244 (#1311).
  9. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 239 (#1285).
  10. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 600 (#3243).
  11. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 368 (#2070).
  12. Tapinas 1997, p. 379.
  13. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 170 (#884).
  14. Tapinas 1997, p. 203.
  15. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 242 (#1302).
  16. Tapinas 1997, p. 278.
  17. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 228 (#1216).
  18. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 277 (#1474).
  19. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 283 (#1500).
  20. Tapinas 1997, p. 146.
  21. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 123 (#636).
  22. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 229, 530 (#1222, 2888).
  23. Tapinas 1997, p. 520.
  24. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 182, 201 (#948, 1064).
  25. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 352 (#1898).
  26. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 122 (#632).
  27. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 378 (#2020).
  28. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 236 (#1268).
  29. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 36 (#190).
  30. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 531 (#2898).
  31. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 181 (#944).
  32. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 603 (#3263).
  33. Tapinas 1997, p. 585.
  34. Stepukonienė 2014, p. 14.
  35. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 244–245, 603 (#1313, 3265).
  36. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 370 (#1989).
  37. Tapinas 1997, p. 356.
  38. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 542 (#2947).
  39. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 244 (#1308).
  40. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 121 (#624).
  41. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 564 (#3068).
  42. Jonaitis 2011, pp. 5–7.
  43. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 587 (#3181).
  44. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 294 (#1563).
  45. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 493 (#2699).
  46. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 283–284, 442 (#1504, 1506, 2381).
  47. Tapinas 1997, p. 443.
  48. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 587, 589 (#3184).
  49. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 555 (#3021).
  50. Krapauskas 2000, pp. 169–171.
  51. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 364 (#1963).
  52. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 185 (#966).
  53. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 191, (#1009, 3106).
  54. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 537 (#2929).
  55. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 167, 350 (#865, 1886).
  56. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 8 (#43).
  57. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 519 (#2843).
  58. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 369–370 (#1988).
  59. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 15 (#86).
  60. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 348–349 (#1876).
  61. Tapinas 1997, p. 351.
  62. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 121 (#625).
  63. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 236 (#1269).
  64. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 381 (#2027).
  65. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 243 (#1307).
  66. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 540 (#2938).
  67. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 554 (#3014).
  68. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 349 (#1880).
  69. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 122 (#631).
  70. Tapinas 1997, p. 144.
  71. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 385 (#2053).
  72. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 398 (#2127).
  73. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 63 (#330).
  74. Tapinas 1997, p. 71.
  75. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 450 (#2431).
  76. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 118, 172 (#612, 894).
  77. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 523 (#2858).
  78. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 519 (#2844).
  79. LIBIS.
  80. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 435 (#2342).
  81. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 268 (#1433).
  82. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 258 (#1382).
  83. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 81, 396 (#410, 2116).
  84. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 37, 244 (#192, 1312).
  85. Tapinas 1997, p. 43.
  86. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 347 (#1866).
  87. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 11 (#59).
  88. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 45 (#231).
  89. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 554 (#3016).
  90. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 456 (#2463).
  91. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 99 (#515).
  92. Tapinas 1997, p. 108.
  93. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 349 (#1878).
  94. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 51–52, 507 (#263, 2775).
  95. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 4 (#20).
  96. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 572 (#3107).
  97. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 177 (#919).
  98. Tapinas 1997, p. 211.
  99. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 548 (#2983).
  100. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 596 (#3225).
  101. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 600 (#3245).
  102. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 442 (#2383).
  103. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 213 (#1133).
  104. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 271 (#1446).
  105. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 24 (#134).
  106. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 499 (#2732).
  107. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 85 (#428).
  108. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 132 (#690).
  109. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 21–22 (#117).
  110. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 604 (#3273).
  111. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 356 (#1922).
  112. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 240 (#1290).
  113. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 81 (#411).
  114. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 59 (#308).
  115. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 457 (#2469).
  116. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 142 (#734).
  117. Tapinas 1997, p. 176.
  118. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 210 (#1112).
  119. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 164 (#847).
  120. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 88 (#450).
  121. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 389 (#2071).
  122. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 41 (#211).
  123. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 465 (#2519).
  124. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 389 (#2073).
  125. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 377 (#2012).
  126. Tapinas 1997, p. 368.
  127. Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 81, 101 (#412, 523).
  128. Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 570 (#3095).

Bibliography
  • Jonaitis, Marius (2011). "Vienybės lietuvininkų" istorija (1886–1920 m.) (Master's thesis) (in Lithuanian). Vytautas Magnus University.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Krapauskas, Virgil (2000). Nationalism and Historiography: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Lithuanian Historicism. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-88033-457-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • "Tėvynė : literatūros mokslo ir politikos mėnesinis laikrasztis : organas "Susiv. lietuvių Amerikoje" / redaktorius Jonas Žilinskas". Lietuvos integrali bibliotekų informacijos sistema (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  • Stepukonienė, Inga (2014). "Daktaras Rokas Šliūpas – lietuvybės puoselėtojas" (PDF). Žiemgala (in Lithuanian). 2. ISSN 1392-3781.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Tamošiūnas, Julius (1991). Lietuviškų periodinių leidinių bibliografija 1832–1982 (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Julius Tamošiūnas. OCLC 35388671.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Tapinas, Laimonas; et al., eds. (1997). Žurnalistikos enciklopedija (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Pradai. ISBN 9986-776-62-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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