List of Scorpions members

Scorpions are a German rock band from Hanover. Formed in 1965 by rhythm guitarist and vocalist Rudolf Schenker, the band went through numerous changes in personnel in its early years before settling on a lineup which included lead vocalist Klaus Meine, lead guitarist Michael Schenker (Rudolf's younger brother), bassist Lothar Heimberg and drummer Wolfgang Dziony to record their debut album Lonesome Crow, released in 1972.[1][2] Michael Schenker, Heimberg and Dziony all left after the album's release, with Rudolf Schenker and Meine briefly disbanding the group and joining Dawn Road, featuring guitarist Uli Jon Roth, bassist Francis Buchholz, drummer Jürgen Rosenthal and keyboardist Achim Kirschning; the six-piece later opted to adopt the Scorpions moniker, and in 1974 released Fly to the Rainbow.[3]

Scorpions performing live in 2014 (top) and 2015 (bottom).

Rosenthal left after the recording of Fly to the Rainbow, being replaced first by Jürgen Fechter and later by Rudy Lenners, who performed on In Trance and Virgin Killer.[4][5] In 1977, Lenners was replaced by Herman Rarebell, whose first recording with the band was Taken by Force.[6] Roth left Scorpions the following year,[7] which he has since explained was because he "began getting dissatisfied with the direction of the music" the band were making.[8] Michael Schenker briefly returned to the band after being fired from UFO in late 1978, performing on four tracks for the album Lovedrive, although he was replaced the following year by Matthias Jabs who had joined around the same time.[9] The Scorpions lineup of Meine, Rudolf Schenker, Jabs, Buccholz and Rarebell remained constant from 1978 and through the 1980s.[1]

After 19 years with the band, bassist Buchholz left Scorpions in 1992 due to fatigue arising from touring, as well as "business problems".[10] He was replaced by Ralph Rieckermann later in the year.[11] Drummer Rarebell also left three years later, claiming that he was unsatisfied with the band's changing musical direction, and the lack of songwriting input he was able to have in the band.[12] He was replaced in 1996 by James Kottak,[13] after Curt Cress performed on Pure Instinct.[14] Rieckermann left Scorpions in 2003, with Paweł Mąciwoda taking his place early the following year.[15] Former Motörhead drummer Mikkey Dee replaced Kottak in the band in September 2016.[16]