List of United Kingdom by-elections (1931–1950)

This is a list of parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom held between 1931 and 1950, with the names of the incumbent and victor and their respective parties. Where seats changed political party at the election, the result is highlighted: red for a Labour gain, blue for a Conservative gain, orange for a Liberal gain, yellow for a SNP gain and grey for any other gain. A grand total of 333 by-elections were held during this period.

Resignations
Further information: Resignation from the British House of Commons

Where the cause of by-election is given as "resignation" or "seeks re-election", this indicates that the incumbent was appointed on his or her own request to an "office of profit under the Crown", either the Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds or the Steward of the Manor of Northstead. These appointments are made as a constitutional device for leaving the House of Commons, whose Members are not permitted to resign.

By-elections

38th Parliament (1945–1950)

By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCause
Bradford South 8 December 1949 Meredith Titterington Labour George Craddock Labour Death
Leeds West 21 July 1949 Thomas Stamford Labour Charles Pannell Labour Death (suicide)
Sowerby 16 March 1949 John Belcher Labour Douglas Houghton Labour Resignation (scandal)
St Pancras North 10 March 1949 George House Labour Kenneth Robinson Labour Death
Hammersmith South 24 February 1949 William Thomas Adams Labour Thomas Williams Labour Death
Batley and Morley 17 February 1949 Hubert Beaumont Labour Alfred Broughton Labour Death
Glasgow Hillhead 25 November 1948 James Reid Conservative Thomas Galbraith Conservative Law life peerage on appointment as Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
Edmonton 13 November 1948 Evan Durbin Labour Austen Albu Labour Death (drowned in swimming accident)
Stirling and Falkirk 7 October 1948 Joseph Westwood Labour Malcolm Macpherson Labour Death (road accident)
Glasgow Gorbals 30 September 1948 George Buchanan Labour Alice Cullen Labour Chairman of National Assistance Board
Southwark Central 29 April 1948 John Hanbury Martin Labour Roy Jenkins Labour Resignation
Brigg 24 March 1948 Thomas Williamson Labour Lance Mallalieu Labour Resignation
Croydon North 11 March 1948 Henry Willink Conservative Fred Harris Conservative Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Armagh 5 March 1948 Sir William Allen UUP James Harden UUP Death (road accident)
Wigan 4 March 1948 William Foster Labour Ronald Williams Labour Death
Paisley 18 February 1948 Viscount Corvedale Labour Douglas Johnston Labour Succession to the peerage
Glasgow Camlachie 28 January 1948[38 1] Campbell Stephen Ind. Labour Party/Labour Party Charles McFarlane Conservative Death
Epsom 4 December 1947 Sir Archibald Southby, Bt Conservative Malcolm McCorquodale Conservative Resignation
Howdenshire 27 November 1947 Clifford Glossop Conservative George Odey Conservative Resignation
Edinburgh East 27 November 1947 George Thomson Labour John Wheatley Labour Appointment as Lord Justice Clerk
Gravesend 26 November 1947 Garry Allighan Labour Sir Richard Acland Labour Expelled from the House (found to be in extreme contempt)
Islington West 25 September 1947 Frederick Montague Labour Albert Evans Labour Appointment to hereditary peerage
Liverpool Edge Hill 11 September 1947 Richard Clitherow Labour Arthur Irvine Labour Death (overdose)
Jarrow 7 May 1947 Ellen Wilkinson Labour Ernest Fernyhough Labour Death (overdose)
Normanton 11 February 1947 Tom Smith Labour George Sylvester Labour Labour Director of North East Coal Board
Kilmarnock 5 December 1946 Clarice Shaw Labour William Ross Labour Resignation due to ill health
Aberdare 5 December 1946 George Hall Labour David Thomas Labour Elevation to hereditary peerage
Combined Scottish Universities 27 November 1946[38 2] Sir John Boyd-Orr Independent Walter Elliot Conservative Appointment as Chancellor of the University of Glasgow
Aberdeen South 26 November 1946 Sir Douglas Thomson Conservative Lady Tweedsmuir Conservative Resignation
Paddington North 20 November 1946 Sir Noel Mason-Macfarlane Labour William J. Field Labour Resignation
Rotherhithe 19 November 1946 Sir Benjamin Smith Labour Robert Mellish Labour Chairman of West Midlands Coal Board
Glasgow Bridgeton 29 August 1946 James Maxton Ind. Labour Party James Carmichael Ind. Labour Party Death
Battersea North 25 July 1946 Francis Douglas Labour Douglas Jay Labour Governor of Malta
Pontypool 23 July 1946 Arthur Jenkins Labour Daniel West Labour Death
Bexley 22 July 1946 Jennie Adamson Labour Ashley Bramall Labour Deputy Chairman of Assistance Board
Down 6 June 1946[38 3] James Little Independent Ulster Unionist C. H. Mullan UUP Death
Ogmore 4 June 1946 Edward Williams Labour John Evans Labour Australian High Commissioner
Combined English Universities 18 March 1946[38 2] Eleanor Rathbone Independent Henry Strauss Conservative Death
Hemsworth 22 February 1946[38 4] George Griffiths Labour Horace Holmes Labour Death
Heywood and Radcliffe 21 February 1946 John Edmondson Whittaker Labour Anthony Greenwood Labour Death (suicide)
Glasgow Cathcart 12 February 1946 Francis Beattie Conservative John Henderson Conservative Death (road accident)
South Ayrshire 7 February 1946 Alexander Sloan Labour Emrys Hughes Labour Death
Preston 31 January 1946 John Sunderland Labour Edward Shackleton Labour Death
Tottenham North 13 December 1945 Robert Morrison Labour William Irving Labour Elevation to hereditary peerage
Kensington South 20 November 1945 Sir William Davison Conservative Richard Law Conservative Elevation to hereditary peerage
Bournemouth 15 November 1945 Sir Leonard Lyle Conservative Brendan Bracken Conservative Elevation to hereditary peerage
Bromley 14 November 1945[38 5] Edward Campbell Conservative Harold Macmillan Conservative Death
City of London 31 October 1945 George Broadbridge Conservative Ralph Assheton Conservative Elevation to hereditary peerage
Monmouth 31 October 1945[38 5] Leslie Pym Conservative Peter Thorneycroft Conservative Death
Edinburgh East 3 October 1945 Frederick Pethick-Lawrence Labour George Thomson Labour Elevation to hereditary peerage
Ashton-under-Lyne 2 October 1945 Sir William Jowitt Labour Hervey Rhodes Labour Hereditary Peerage on appointment as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Smethwick 1 October 1945[38 6] Alfred Dobbs Labour Patrick Gordon Walker Labour Death (road accident)
  1. Campbell Stephen was elected as an Independent Labour Party MP in the 1945 general election but moved to the Labour Party in 1947, 4 days before his death. The seat was won by Labour in the 1950 general election.
  2. Constituency abolished in 1950.
  3. Down was a two member constituency. Little was elected as an official Ulster Unionist in the 1939 Down by-election. Prior to the 1945 general election he resigned from the party in protest at being subject to a reselection due to the retirement of Viscount Castlereagh, the other official Unionist MP, and held his seat as an Independent Ulster Unionist. Multi-member constituencies were abolished at the 1950 general election, but the Ulster Unionists won both successor seats, North Down and South Down.
  4. The last uncontested by-election on the British mainland to date.
  5. Both Pym and Campbell died after the close of polling, but before the declaration. They were returned at the head of the poll in their respective constituencies, and declared elected posthumously.
  6. Dobbs was killed in a road accident the day after his election, making him the shortest-serving MP in British history.

37th Parliament (1935–1945)

This Parliament's life was extended by annual Prolongation of Parliament Acts for the duration of the Second World War. By-elections continued to fill vacancies. An electoral truce was negotiated between the Conservative, Labour, Liberal, National Liberal and National Labour parties, and National independent MPs that they would not contest by-elections which another party held (although there were a few occasions when a National party would step aside from a vacancy in favour of a National independent, usually a government minister). However many independents stood, including some party members who disagreed with the truce. The Common Wealth Party was formed in part with a view to contesting wartime by-elections. A total of 219 by-elections were held during this period.

By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCause
Newport 17 May 1945[37 1] Reginald Clarry Conservative Ronald Bell Conservative Death
Neath 15 May 1945 William Jenkins Labour D. J. Williams Labour Death
Middlesbrough West 14 May 1945[37 2] Harcourt Johnstone Liberal Don Bennett Liberal Death
Caernarvon Boroughs 26 April 1945[37 3] David Lloyd George Liberal Seaborne Davies Liberal Elevation to the peerage
Chelmsford 26 April 1945[37 4] John Macnamara Conservative Ernest Millington Common Wealth Death (active service)
Combined Scottish Universities 13 April 1945[37 5] George Morrison Liberal National John Boyd-Orr Independent Resignation
Motherwell 12 April 1945[37 1] James Walker Labour Robert McIntyre SNP Death (road accident)
Berwick-upon-Tweed 17 October 1944 George Charles Grey Liberal William Beveridge Liberal Death (active service)
Chelsea 11 October 1944[37 2] Samuel Hoare Conservative William Sidney Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Bilston 20 September 1944 Ian Hannah Conservative William Gibbons Conservative Death
Manchester Rusholme 8 July 1944 Edmund Radford Conservative Frederick Cundiff Conservative Death
Clay Cross 14 April 1944 George Ridley Labour Harold Neal Labour Death
Camberwell North 30 March 1944 Charles Ammon Labour Cecil Manning Labour Elevation to the peerage
Bury St Edmunds 29 February 1944 Frank Heilgers Conservative Edgar Keatinge Conservative Death (train crash)
Sheffield Attercliffe 21 February 1944[37 2] Cecil Wilson Labour John Hynd Labour Resignation (ill health)
Kirkcaldy Burghs 17 February 1944 Thomas Kennedy Labour Thomas Hubbard Labour Resignation (ill-health)
West Derbyshire 17 February 1944[37 6] Henry Hunloke Conservative Charles Frederick White Independent Resignation
Brighton 3 February 1944 Sir Cooper Rawson Conservative William Teeling Conservative Resignation (ill-health)
Skipton 7 January 1944[37 1] George William Rickards Conservative Hugh Lawson Common Wealth Death
Acton 14 December 1943 Hubert Duggan Conservative Henry Longhurst Conservative Death (active service)
Darwen 12 December 1943 Stuart Russell Conservative Stanley Prescott Conservative Death (active service)
Consett 15 November 1943[37 2] David Adams Labour James Glanville Labour Death
Woolwich West 7 November 1943 Kingsley Wood Conservative Francis Beech Conservative Death
Peterborough 15 October 1943 David Cecil Conservative John Hely-Hutchinson Conservative Appointment as Governor of Bermuda
St Albans 5 October 1943[37 2] Francis Fremantle Conservative John Grimston Conservative Death
Chippenham 24 August 1943 Victor Cazalet Conservative David Eccles Conservative Death (active service)
Burton-on-Trent 2 July 1943[37 2] John Gretton Conservative John Gretton Conservative Resignation (ill-health)
Birmingham Aston 9 June 1943 Edward Kellett Conservative Redvers Prior Conservative Death (active service)
Newark 8 June 1943 William Cavendish-Bentinck Conservative Sidney Shephard Conservative Succession to the peerage
The Hartlepools 1 June 1943 William George Howard Gritten Conservative Thomas George Greenwell Conservative Death
Daventry 20 April 1943 Edward Fitzroy Speaker Reginald Manningham-Buller Conservative Death
Eddisbury 7 April 1943[37 7] Richard John Russell Conservative John Loverseed Common Wealth Death
Buckingham 4 April 1943[37 2] John Whiteley Conservative Lionel Berry Conservative Death (active service)
Watford 23 February 1943 Dennis Herbert Conservative William Helmore Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Bristol Central 18 February 1943 Allen Apsley Conservative Violet Bathurst Conservative Death (active service)
Portsmouth North 16 February 1943 Sir Roger Keyes Conservative William James Conservative Elevation to the peerage
King's Lynn 12 February 1943 Somerset Maxwell Conservative Edmund Roche Conservative Death (active service)
Midlothian and Peebles Northern 11 February 1943 John Colville Conservative Sir David King Murray Conservative Appointment as Governor of Bombay
Antrim 11 February 1943 Joseph McConnell UUP John Dermot Campbell UUP Death
Ashford 10 February 1943 Patrick Spens Conservative Edward Percy Smith Conservative Appointment as Chief Justice of India
Belfast West 9 February 1943[37 8] Alexander Browne UUP Jack Beattie NI Labour Death
University of Wales 30 January 1943 Ernest Evans Liberal William John Gruffydd Liberal Appointment as a County Court Judge
Hamilton 29 January 1943 Duncan Graham Labour Tom Fraser Labour Death
Ince 20 October 1942[37 2] Gordon Macdonald Labour Tom Brown Labour Appointment as North-West Regional Fuel Controller
Manchester Clayton 17 October 1942 John Jagger Labour Harry Thorneycroft Labour Death (road accident)
Sheffield Park 27 August 1942[37 2] George Lathan Labour Thomas Burden Labour Death
Poplar South 12 August 1942 David Morgan Adams Labour William Henry Guy Labour Death
Whitechapel and St Georges 8 August 1942[37 2] J. H. Hall Labour Walter Edwards Labour Death
Rothwell 7 August 1942[37 2] William Lunn Labour T. J. Brooks Labour Death
Spennymoor 21 July 1942[37 2] Joseph Batey Labour James Murray Labour Resignation (ill-health)
Salisbury 8 July 1942 James Despencer-Robertson Conservative John Morrison Conservative Death
Windsor 30 June 1942 Annesley Somerville Conservative Charles Mott-Radclyffe Conservative Death
Maldon 25 June 1942[37 9] Edward Ruggles-Brise Conservative Tom Driberg Independent Death
Llandaff and Barry 10 June 19421 Patrick Munro Conservative Cyril Lakin Conservative Death (active service)
Chichester 25 May 1942 John Courtauld Conservative Lancelot Joynson-Hicks Conservative Death
Putney 8 May 1942 Marcus Samuel Conservative Hugh Linstead Conservative Death
Rugby 29 April 1942[37 10] David Margesson Conservative William Brown Independent Elevation to the peerage
Wallasey 29 April 1942[37 1] John Moore-Brabazon Conservative George Reakes Independent Elevation to the peerage
Glasgow Cathcart 29 April 1942 John Train Conservative Francis Beattie Conservative Death
Cardiff East 13 April 1942[37 11] Owen Temple-Morris Conservative Sir P. J. Grigg National Appointment as a County Court Judge
Tavistock 2 April 1942[37 2] Colin Patrick Conservative Henry Studholme Conservative Death
Grantham 25 March 1942[37 10] Victor Warrender Conservative Denis Kendall Independent Elevation to the peerage
Wigan 11 March 1942[37 2] John Parkinson Labour William Foster Labour Death
Newcastle-under-Lyme 11 March 1942[37 2] Josiah Wedgwood Labour John Mack Labour Elevation to the peerage
Manchester Gorton 11 March 1942[37 2] William Wedgwood Benn Labour William Oldfield Labour Elevation to the peerage
Nuneaton 9 March 1942[37 2] Reginald Fletcher Labour Frank Bowles Labour Elevation to the peerage
Keighley 13 February 1942[37 2] Hastings Lees-Smith Labour Ivor Thomas Labour Death
North East Derbyshire 2 February 1942[37 2] Frank Lee Labour Henry White Labour Death
Edinburgh Central 11 December 1941 James Guy Conservative Frank Watt Conservative Resignation (ill-health)
Harrow 2 December 1941 Isidore Salmon Conservative Norman Bower Conservative Death
Hampstead 27 November 1941 George Balfour Conservative Charles Challen Conservative Death
Brighton 15 November 1941[37 2] Lord Erskine Conservative Anthony Marlowe Conservative Resignation
Lancaster 15 October 1941 Herwald Ramsbotham Conservative Fitzroy Maclean Conservative Elevation to the peerage
The Wrekin 26 September 1941 James Baldwin-Webb Conservative Arthur Colegate Conservative Death (drowned when the liner City of Benares was torpedoed)
Scarborough and Whitby 24 September 1941 Paul Latham Conservative Alexander Spearman Conservative Resignation (scandal)
Berwick-upon-Tweed 18 August 1941[37 2] Hugh Seely Liberal George Charles Grey Liberal Elevation to the peerage
Pontefract 24 July 1941[37 2] Adam Hills Labour Percy Barstow Labour Death
Dudley 23 July 1941 Dudley Joel Conservative Cyril Edward Lloyd Conservative Death (active service)
Edinburgh West 12 July 1941[37 2] Thomas Cooper Conservative Ian Clark Hutchison Conservative Appointed Lord Justice Clerk
Greenock 10 July 1941[37 2] Robert Gibson Labour Hector McNeil Labour Appointment as Chairman of the Scottish Land Court
West Dorset 21 June 1941[37 2] Philip Colfox Conservative Simon Wingfield-Digby Conservative Resignation
Hornsey 28 May 1941 Euan Wallace Conservative David Gammans Conservative Death
King's Norton 8 May 1941 Ronald Cartland Conservative Arthur Peto Conservative Death (active service)
Mansfield 22 April 1941[37 2] Charles Brown Labour Bernard Taylor Labour Death
West Bromwich 16 April 1941[37 2] Frederick Roberts Labour John Dugdale Labour Resignation (ill-health)
Great Yarmouth 8 April 1941[37 2] Arthur Harbord Liberal National Percy Jewson Liberal National Death
Carmarthen 26 March 1941[37 2] Daniel Hopkin Labour Ronw Hughes Labour Appointment as a Metropolitan Police Magistrate
Bodmin 11 March 1941[37 2] John Rathbone Conservative Beatrice Wright Conservative Death (active service)
Hitchin 10 March 1941[37 2] Arnold Wilson Conservative Seymour Berry Conservative Death (active service)
Dunbartonshire 27 February 1941 Thomas Cassells Labour Adam McKinlay Labour Appointment as Sheriff Substitute
Petersfield 22 February 1941[37 2] Reginald Dorman-Smith Conservative George Jeffreys Conservative Appointment as Governor of Burma
South Dorset 22 February 1941[37 2] Robert Gascoyne-Cecil Conservative Victor Montagu Conservative Succession to the peerage by writ of acceleration
Doncaster 6 February 1941[37 2] John Morgan Labour Evelyn Walkden Labour Death
Birmingham Edgbaston 18 December 1940[37 2] Neville Chamberlain Conservative Peter Bennett Conservative Death
Northampton 6 December 1940 Mervyn Manningham-Buller Conservative Gerard Summers Conservative Resignation
Southampton 27 November 1940[37 12][37 2] Sir John Reith National Russell Thomas Liberal National Elevation to the peerage
Aldershot 26 November 1940[37 2] Roundell Palmer Conservative Oliver Lyttelton Conservative Succession to the peerage
Queen's University of Belfast 2 November 1940[37 2] Thomas Sinclair UUP Douglas Savory UUP Resignation
Preston 25 September 1940[37 2] Adrian Moreing Conservative Randolph Churchill Conservative Death
Manchester Exchange 21 September 1940[37 2] Peter Eckersley Conservative Thomas Hewlett Conservative Death (active service)
Bolton 13 September 1940[37 2] John Haslam Conservative Edward Cadogan Conservative Death
Heywood and Radcliffe 28 August 1940[37 2] Richard Porritt Conservative James Wootton-Davies Conservative Death (active service)
Mitcham 19 August 1940[37 2] Richard Meller Conservative Malcolm Robertson Conservative Death
Middlesbrough West 7 August 1940[37 2] Frank Kingsley Griffith Liberal Harcourt Johnstone Liberal Appointment as a County Court Judge
Wansbeck 29 July 1940[37 2] Bernard Cruddas Conservative Robert Scott Conservative Resignation
Rochdale 20 July 1940[37 2] William Kelly Labour Hyacinth Morgan Labour Resignation (ill-health)
Nottingham Central 19 July 1940[37 2] Terence O'Connor Conservative Frederick Sykes Conservative Death
Montrose Burghs 5 July 1940[37 2] Charles Kerr Liberal National John Maclay Liberal National Elevation to the peerage
Newcastle upon Tyne West 5 July 1940[37 2] Joseph Leech Conservative William Nunn Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Bournemouth 27 June 1940[37 2] Henry Page Croft Conservative Leonard Lyle Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Wandsworth Central 22 June 1940[37 2] Harry Nathan Labour Ernest Bevin Labour Elevation to the peerage
Croydon North 19 June 1940 Glyn Mason Conservative Henry Willink Conservative Resignation
Bow and Bromley 12 June 1940 George Lansbury Labour Charles Key Labour Death
Newcastle upon Tyne North 7 June 1940[37 13] Nicholas Grattan-Doyle Conservative Cuthbert Headlam Ind. Conservative Resignation (ill-health)
Middleton and Prestwich 1 June 1940 Nairne Stewart Sandeman Conservative Ernest Gates Conservative Death
Spen Valley 1 June 1940[37 2] Sir John Simon Liberal National William Woolley Liberal National Hereditary Peerage on appointment as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
East Renfrewshire 9 May 1940 Douglas Douglas-Hamilton Conservative Guy Lloyd Conservative Succession to the peerage
Brighton 9 May 1940[37 2] George Tryon Conservative Lord Erskine Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Glasgow Pollok 30 April 1940 John Gilmour Conservative Thomas Galbraith Conservative Death
Battersea North 17 April 1940 William Sanders Labour Francis Douglas Labour Resignation (ill-health)
Lonsdale 12 April 1940[37 2] David Lindsay Conservative Ian Fraser Conservative Succession to the peerage
Argyll 10 April 1940 Frederick Macquisten Conservative Duncan McCallum Conservative Death
Leeds North East 13 March 1940 John Birchall Conservative John Craik-Henderson Conservative Resignation (ill-health)
City of Chester 7 March 1940[37 2] Charles Cayzer Conservative Basil Nield Conservative Apparent murder/suicide[1]
Kettering 6 March 1940 John Eastwood Conservative John Profumo Conservative Appointment as a Metropolitan Magistrate
Cambridge University 23 February 1940[37 14] John James Withers Conservative Archibald Hill Independent Conservative Death
Silvertown 22 February 1940 Jack Jones Labour James Hollins Labour Resignation (ill-health)
Southwark Central 10 February 1940 Harry Day Labour John Hanbury Martin Labour Death
Belfast East 8 February 1940[37 2] Herbert Dixon UUP Henry Peirson Harland UUP Elevation to the peerage
Swansea East 5 February 1940[37 2] David Williams Labour David Mort Labour Resignation (ill-health)
City of London 5 February 1940[37 2][37 15] Alan Anderson Conservative Sir Andrew Duncan National Resignation (pressure of work at the Wheat Commission)
Southampton 1 February 1940[37 2][37 12] Sir C. C. Barrie Liberal National Sir John Reith National Resignation (to provide a seat for Sir John Reith)
Wells 13 December 1939[37 2] A. J. Muirhead Conservative D. C. Boles Conservative Death (suicide)
Stretford 8 December 1939 Anthony Crossley Conservative Ralph Etherton Conservative Death (air crash)
Streatham 7 December 1939[37 2] William Lane-Mitchell Conservative David Robertson Conservative Resignation (to make way for a younger candidate)
Macclesfield 22 November 1939[37 2] John Remer Conservative W. Garfield Weston Conservative Resignation (ill-health)
Ashton-under-Lyne 28 October 1939[37 2] Fred Simpson Labour William Jowitt Labour Death
Ormskirk 27 October 1939[37 2] Samuel Rosbotham National Labour Stephen King-Hall National Labour Resignation (ill-health)
Clackmannanshire and East Stirlingshire 13 October 1939 Lauchlin MacNeill Weir Labour Arthur Woodburn Labour Death
High Peak 7 October 1939[37 2] Alfred Law Conservative High Molson Conservative Death
Fareham 6 October 1939[37 2] Sir Thomas Inskip Conservative Dymoke White Conservative Hereditary Peerage on appointment as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Brecon and Radnorshire 1 August 1939[37 10] Ivor Guest National William Jackson Labour Succession to the peerage
Colne Valley 27 July 1939 Ernest Marklew Labour Glenvil Hall Labour Death
Monmouth 25 July 1939 John Herbert Conservative Leslie Pym Conservative Appointment as Governor of Bengal
Hythe 20 July 1939 Philip Sassoon Conservative Rupert Brabner Conservative Death
North Cornwall 13 July 1939 Francis Dyke Acland Liberal Tom Horabin Liberal Death
Portsmouth South 12 July 1939[37 2] Herbert Cayzer Conservative Jocelyn Lucas Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Caerphilly 4 July 1939 Morgan Jones Labour Ness Edwards Labour Death
Kennington 24 May 1939[37 10] George Harvey Conservative John Wilmot Labour Death
Birmingham Aston 17 May 1939 Arthur Hope Conservative Edward Kellett Conservative Resignation
Southwark North 19 May 1939[37 10] Edward Strauss Liberal National George Isaacs Labour Death
Westminster Abbey 17 May 1939 Sidney Herbert Conservative Harold Webbe Conservative Death
Sheffield Hallam 10 May 1939 Louis Smith Conservative Roland Jennings Conservative Death
Down 10 May 1939[37 2] David Reid UUP James Little UUP Death
South Ayrshire 20 April 1939 James Brown Labour Alexander Sloan Labour Death
Kincardineshire and West Aberdeenshire 30 March 1939 Malcolm Barclay-Harvey Conservative Colin Thornton-Kemsley Conservative Resignation
Batley and Morley 9 March 1939 Willie Brooke Labour Hubert Beaumont Labour Death
Ripon 23 February 1939 John Waller Hills Conservative Christopher York Conservative Death
Holderness 15 February 1939 Samuel Savery Conservative Gurney Braithwaite Conservative Death
East Norfolk 26 January 1939 William Lygon Liberal National Frank Medlicott Liberal National Succession to the peerage
Kinross and Western Perthshire 21 December 1938[37 16] The Duchess of Atholl Conservative/Ind Conservative William McNair Snadden Conservative Sought re-election in opposition to government foreign policy
Fylde 30 November 1938 Edward Stanley Conservative Claude Lancaster Conservative Death
Lewisham West 24 November 1938 Philip Dawson Conservative Henry Brooke Conservative Death
Doncaster 17 November 1938 Alfred Short Labour John Morgan Labour Death
Bridgwater 17 November 1938[37 17] Reginald Croom-Johnson Conservative Vernon Bartlett Independent Progressive Appointment as High Court Judge
Walsall 16 November 1938 Joseph Leckie Liberal National George Schuster Liberal National Death
Dartford 7 November 1938[37 18] Frank Edward Clarke Conservative Jennie Adamson Labour Death
Oxford 27 October 1938 Robert Bourne Conservative Quintin Hogg Conservative Death
Willesden East 28 July 1938 Daniel Somerville Conservative Samuel Hammersley Conservative Death
Barnsley 16 June 1938 John Potts Labour Frank Collindridge Labour Death
Stafford 9 June 1938 William Ormsby-Gore Conservative Peter Thorneycroft Conservative Succession to the peerage
West Derbyshire 2 June 1938 Edward Cavendish Conservative Henry Hunloke Conservative Succession to the peerage
Aylesbury 19 May 1938 Michael Beaumont Conservative Stanley Reed Conservative Resignation
Lichfield 5 May 1938[37 10] James Lovat-Fraser National Labour Cecil Poole Labour Death
Fulham West 6 April 1938[37 10] Cyril Cobb Conservative Edith Summerskill Labour Death
City of London 6 April 1938[37 15][37 2] Vansittart Bowater Conservative George Broadbridge Conservative Death
Combined Scottish Universities 25 February 1938[37 5] Ramsay MacDonald National Labour Sir John Anderson National Death
Ipswich 16 February 1938[37 10] John Ganzoni Conservative Richard Stokes Labour Elevation to the peerage
Pontypridd 11 February 1938 David Lewis Davies Labour Arthur Pearson Labour Death
Farnworth 27 January 1938 Guy Rowson Labour George Tomlinson Labour Death
Hastings 24 November 1937 Eustace Percy Conservative Maurice Hely-Hutchinson Conservative Resignation
Islington North 13 October 1937[37 10] Albert Goodman Conservative Leslie Haden-Guest Labour Death
Glasgow Springburn 7 September 1937 George Hardie Labour Agnes Hardie Labour Death
North Dorset 13 July 1937 Cecil Hanbury Conservative Angus Hambro Conservative Death
Chertsey 2 July 1937 Archibald Boyd-Carpenter Conservative Arthur Marsden Conservative Death
Kingston-upon-Thames 1 July 1937 Frederick Penny Conservative Percy Royds Conservative Elevation to the peerage
St Ives 30 June 1937 Walter Runciman Liberal National Alec Beechman Liberal National Elevation to the peerage
Ilford 29 June 1937 George Hamilton Conservative Geoffrey Hutchinson Conservative Resignation
Bewdley 29 June 1937 Stanley Baldwin Conservative Roger Conant Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Holland with Boston 24 June 1937 James Blindell Liberal National Herbert Butcher Liberal National Death
Hemel Hempstead 22 June 1937 John Davidson Conservative Frances Davidson Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Cheltenham 22 June 1937[37 19] Walter Preston Conservative Daniel Lipson Independent Conservative Resignation
Plymouth Drake 15 June 1937 Frederick Guest Conservative Henry Guest Conservative Death
Buckingham 11 June 1937 George Bowyer Conservative John Whiteley Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Glasgow Hillhead 10 June 1937 Robert Horne Conservative James Reid Conservative Elevation to the peerage
York 6 May 1937 Lawrence Lumley Conservative Charles Wood Conservative Appointed Governor of Bombay
Birmingham West 29 April 1937 Austen Chamberlain Conservative Walter Higgs Conservative Death
Wandsworth Central 29 April 1937[37 10] Henry Jackson Conservative Harry Nathan Labour Death
Stalybridge and Hyde 28 April 1937 Philip Dunne Conservative Horace Trevor-Cox Conservative Resignation
Farnham 23 March 1937 Arthur Samuel Conservative Godfrey Nicholson Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Tonbridge 23 March 1937 Herbert Henry Spender-Clay Conservative Adrian Baillie Conservative Death
Combined English Universities 22 March 1937[37 20] Reginald Craddock Conservative Edmund Harvey Independent Progressive Death
Oxford University 27 February 1937[37 10] Lord Hugh Cecil Conservative Arthur Salter Independent Appointment as Provost of Eton College
Richmond-upon-Thames 25 February 1937 William Ray Conservative George Harvie-Watt Conservative Resignation
Manchester Gorton 18 February 1937 Joseph Compton Labour William Wedgwood Benn Labour Death
St Pancras North 4 February 1937 Ian Fraser Conservative Robert Grant-Ferris Conservative Resignation
Greenock 26 November 1936[37 10] Godfrey Collins Liberal National Robert Gibson Labour Death
Preston 25 November 1936 William Kirkpatrick Conservative Edward Cobb Conservative Resignation
Clay Cross 5 November 1936 Alfred Holland Labour George Ridley Labour Death
Birmingham Erdington 20 October 1936 John Eales Conservative John Wright Conservative Death
East Grinstead 23 July 1936 Henry Cautley Conservative Ralph Clarke Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Balham and Tooting 23 July 1936 Sir Alfred Butt, 1st Baronet Conservative George Doland Conservative Resignation
Derby 9 July 1936[37 10] J. H. Thomas National Labour Philip Noel-Baker Labour Resigned over budget leak
Lewes 18 June 1936 John Loder Conservative Tufton Beamish Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Peckham 6 May 1936[37 10] David Beatty Conservative Lewis Silkin Labour Succession to peerage
Llanelli 26 March 1936 John Williams Labour Jim Griffiths Labour Death
Dunbartonshire 18 March 1936[37 10] Archibald Cochrane Conservative Thomas Cassells Labour Governor of Bermuda
Ross and Cromarty 10 February 1936[37 1] Sir Ian Macpherson Liberal National Malcolm MacDonald National Labour Peerage to provide seat for Dominions Secretary Malcolm MacDonald
Combined Scottish Universities 31 January 1936[37 5] Noel Skelton Conservative Ramsay MacDonald National Labour Death
  1. Gain not retained at the 1945 general election.
  2. An uncontested election.
  3. Seaborne Davies retained Caernarvon Boroughs for the Liberals in the by-election but lost the seat to the Conservatives in the 1945 general election.
  4. In the 1945 general election Millington was the only successful Common Wealth candidate. He joined the Labour Party in April 1946.
  5. The Combined Scottish Universities was a three-member constituency which experienced three by-elections in this Parliament, each won by a different party from both the others and the general election. In the 1935 general election it elected two Conservative and one National Liberal MPs. One Conservative (Noel Skelton) died between polling and the declaration of the results and the resulting by-election was won by Ramsay MacDonald for National Labour. He died within two years and the resultant by-election was won by Sir John Anderson as a non-party supporter of the National Government. In 1945 the National Liberal member (George Morrison) resigned and the resulting by-election was won by John Boyd-Orr as an Independent. Both Anderson and Boyd-Orr held their seats at the 1945 general election along with one Conservative.
  6. Prior to the by-election White was the Labour prospective parliamentary candidate for the constituency but resigned in order to contest the seat in defiance of the truce between the parties. In Parliament he took the Labour whip and retained the seat in the 1945 general election as an official Labour candidate.
  7. Loverseed gained Eddisbury for Common Wealth from the Conservatives in 1943, but subsequently sat as an independent Labour member then took the Labour Party whip. He defended the seat in the 1945 general election for Labour but lost to the National Liberals.
  8. Beattie won Belfast West for the Northern Ireland Labour Party but subsequently sat as an independent Labour member, under which label he held the seat in the 1945 general election.
  9. In Parliament Driberg took the Labour whip and retained the seat in the 1945 general election as an official Labour candidate.
  10. Gain retained at the 1945 UK general election.
  11. Grigg was the newly appointed Secretary of State for War and nominally took Cardiff East from the Conservatives but lost it to Labour in the 1945 general election.
  12. Southampton was a two-member constituency. In the 1935 general election it elected one National Liberal and one non-party supporter of the National Government. In February 1940 Sir John Reith (the newly appointed Minister of Information) was elected unopposed to fill a National Liberal vacancy as a non-party supporter of the National Government. In November 1940 he was elevated to the peerage and in the resulting unopposed by-election his seat was regained by the National Liberals. In the 1945 general election both seats were won by the Labour Party.
  13. Headlam was elected as the nominee of a breakaway Conservative Association who opposed the selection of the official candidate. In Parliament he took the Conservative whip and retained the seat as an official Conservative in the 1945 general election.
  14. Cambridge University was a two-member constituency. In the 1935 general election it elected two Conservative MPs. Hill took one seat from the Conservatives as an Independent Conservative, but did not contest 1945 general election, in which the two seats were won by one Conservative and one Independent.
  15. The City of London was a two member constituency. In the 1935 general election it elected two Conservative MPs. In February 1940 Sir Andrew Duncan (the newly appointed President of the Board of Trade) was elected unopposed to fill one vacancy as a non-party supporter of the National Government. In the 1945 general election Duncan and a Conservative won the City's two seats.
  16. The Duchess of Atholl had resigned the National Government whip over foreign policy and in November 1938 was deselected as a candidate by her local association. She decided to resign her seat and fight a by-election as an Independent in opposition to the policy of appeasement. She lost the seat to the new Conservative candidate.
  17. In 1942 Bartlett co-founded the Common Wealth Party and served on its National Committee, but resigned two months later and reverted to being an Independent Progressive MP, retaining the seat in his original colours in the 1945 general election.
  18. The Dartford county constituency was divided in a mini redistribution in 1945 into two borough constituencies - Bexley and Dartford. Labour upheld its by-election gain in both constituencies with Adamson carrying the Bexley seat.
  19. Lipson was elected as an Independent Conservative but in Parliament supported the National Government. He was re-elected in the 1945 general election as an independent supporter of Churchill's government.
  20. The Combined English Universities was a two-member constituency. In the 1935 general election it elected one Conservative and one Independent (Eleanor Rathbone). Harvey took the seat from the Conservatives as an "Independent Progressive" but did not contest the 1945 general election which was won by two Independents (Rathbone and K.M. Lindsay).

36th Parliament (1931–1935)

By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCause
Dumfriesshire 12 September 1935 Joseph Hunter Liberal / National Liberal Henry Fildes Liberal National Death
Sevenoaks 20 July 1935[36 1] Edward Young Conservative Charles Ponsonby Conservative Created Baron Kennet
Liverpool West Toxteth 16 July 1935[36 2] Clyde Tabor Wilson Conservative Joseph Gibbins Labour Appointment as a Metropolitan Police Magistrate
Liverpool West Derby 6 July 1935[36 1] John Sandeman Allen Conservative David Maxwell Fyfe Conservative Death
City of London 26 June 1935[36 1] Edward Grenfell Conservative Alan Anderson Conservative Resigned,[2] later created Baron St Just
Combined Scottish Universities 17–22 June 1935 John Buchan Conservative John Graham Kerr Conservative Appointed Governor General of Canada
Aberdeen South 21 May 1935 Sir Frederick Thomson Conservative Sir Douglas Thomson Conservative Death
Tamworth 10 May 1935[36 1] Arthur Steel-Maitland Conservative John Mellor Conservative Death
Edinburgh West 2 May 1935 Wilfrid Normand Conservative Thomas Cooper Conservative Appointed as Lord Justice General
Perth 16 April 1935 Lord Scone Liberal National Francis Norie-Miller Liberal National Succession to the peerage
Eastbourne 29 March 1935[36 1] John Slater Conservative Charles Taylor Conservative Death
Norwood 14 March 1935 Walter Greaves-Lord Conservative Duncan Sandys Conservative Resignation
Cambridge University 23 February 1935[36 1] Godfrey Wilson Conservative Kenneth Pickthorn Conservative Resignation
Liverpool Wavertree 6 February 1935[36 3] Ronald Nall-Cain Conservative Joseph Cleary Labour Succession to the peerage
Putney 28 November 1934 Samuel Samuel Conservative Marcus Samuel Conservative Death
Swindon 25 October 1934[36 3] Reginald Mitchell Banks Conservative Christopher Addison Labour Appointment as County Court Judge
Lambeth North 23 October 1934[36 2] Frank Briant Liberal George Strauss Labour Death
Rushcliffe 26 July 1934 Henry Betterton Conservative Ralph Assheton Conservative Resignation
Fermanagh and Tyrone 27 June 1934 Joseph Devlin Nationalist Joseph Francis Stewart Nationalist Death
Weston-super-Mare 26 June 1934 James Erskine Conservative Ian Orr-Ewing Conservative Resignation
Twickenham 22 June 1934 Hylton Murray-Philipson Conservative Alfred Critchley Conservative Death
Monmouth 14 June 1934 Leolin Forestier-Walker Conservative J. A. Herbert Conservative Death
Merthyr 5 June 1934[36 2] Richard Wallhead Ind. Labour Party / Labour S. O. Davies Labour Death
Hemsworth 17 May 1934[36 1] John Guest Labour George Griffiths Labour Death
Upton 14 May 1934[36 2] Alfred Chotzner Conservative Benjamin Walter Gardner Labour Resignation
Hammersmith North 24 April 1934[36 2] Mary Pickford Conservative Fielding West Labour Death
Basingstoke 19 April 1934 Gerard Wallop Conservative Henry Drummond Wolff Conservative Resignation
Combined Scottish Universities 7–12 March 1934 Dugald Cowan Liberal George Morrison Liberal Death
Portsmouth North 19 February 1934 Bertram Godfray Conservative Roger Keyes Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Lowestoft 15 February 1934 Gervais Rentoul Conservative Pierse Loftus Conservative Resignation
Cambridge 8 February 1934 George Newton Conservative Richard Tufnell Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Wentworth 22 December 1933[36 1] George Henry Hirst Labour Wilfred Paling Labour Death
Harborough 28 November 1933 Arthur Stuart Conservative Arthur Tree Conservative Resignation
Rutland and Stamford 21 November 1933 Neville Smith-Carington Conservative Lord Willoughby de Eresby Conservative Death
Manchester Rusholme 21 November 1933 Frank Merriman Conservative Edmund Radford Conservative Appointment to High Court
Skipton 7 November 1933 Ernest Bird Conservative George Rickards Conservative Death
Kilmarnock 2 November 1933 Craigie Aitchison National Labour Kenneth Lindsay National Labour Appointment to Scottish bench
Fulham East 25 October 1933[36 3] Kenyon Pascoe Vaughan-Morgan Conservative John Charles Wilmot Labour Death
Clay Cross 1 September 1933 Charles Duncan Labour Arthur Henderson Labour Death
Altrincham 14 June 1933 Cyril Atkinson Conservative Edward Grigg Conservative Appointment to High Court
Hitchin 8 June 1933 Edward Lytton Conservative Arnold Wilson Conservative Death
Normanton 8 May 1933[36 1] Frederick Hall Labour Tom Smith Labour Death
Rhondda East 28 March 1933 David Watts-Morgan Labour William Mainwaring Labour Death
Ashford 17 March 1933 Michael Knatchbull Conservative Patrick Spens Conservative Succession to the peerage
Rotherham 27 February 1933[36 2] George Herbert Conservative William Dobbie Labour Resignation
East Fife 2 February 1933 Sir James Millar Liberal National James Henderson-Stewart Liberal National Death
Liverpool Exchange 19 January 1933 Sir James Reynolds Conservative John Shute Conservative Death
Cardiganshire 22 September 1932 Rhys Hopkin Morris Liberal Owen Evans Liberal Appointment as a Metropolitan Police magistrate
Twickenham 16 September 1932 John Ferguson Conservative Hylton Murray-Philipson Conservative Death
Wednesbury 26 July 1932[36 2] William Ward Conservative William Banfield Labour Succession to the peerage
North Cornwall 22 July 1932 Donald Maclean Liberal Francis Dyke Acland Liberal Death
Westminster Abbey 12 July 1932[36 1] Otho Nicholson Conservative Sidney Herbert Conservative Resignation
Montrose Burghs 28 June 1932 Robert Hutchison Liberal National Charles Kerr Liberal National Elevation to the peerage
Dulwich 8 June 1932 Sir Frederick Hall Conservative Bracewell Smith Conservative Death
St Marylebone 28 April 1932 Rennell Rodd Conservative Alec Cunningham-Reid Conservative Resignation
Eastbourne 28 April 1932[36 1] Edward Marjoribanks Conservative John Slater Conservative Death
Wakefield 21 April 1932[36 2] George Brown Hillman Conservative Arthur Greenwood Labour Death
Richmond-upon-Thames 13 April 1932[36 1] Newton Moore Conservative William Ray Conservative Resignation
Dunbartonshire 17 March 1932 John Thom Conservative Archibald Cochrane Conservative Resignation
Henley 25 February 1932 Robert Henderson Conservative Sir Gifford Fox, Bt. Conservative Death
New Forest and Christchurch 9 February 1932 Wilfrid Ashley Conservative John Mills Conservative Elevation to the peerage
Croydon South 9 February 1932 William Mitchell-Thomson Conservative Herbert Williams Conservative Resignation
  1. An uncontested by-election.
  2. Gain retained at the 1935 general election.
  3. Gain not retained at the 1935 general election.

References
  1. The Times, 20 February 1940, p. 5.
  2. "No. 34175". The London Gazette. 28 June 1935. p. 4160.

Bibliography
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