List of WLAN channels

WLAN (wireless local area network) channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols, and equipment that does so is sold mostly under the trademark Wi-Fi. Other equipment also accesses the same channels, such as Bluetooth. The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is vital for wireless communications infrastructure.

The 802.11 standard provides several distinct radio frequency ranges for use in Wi-Fi communications: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, 5.9 GHz and 60 GHz bands.[1][2][3] Each range is divided into a multitude of channels. In the standards, channels are numbered at 5 MHz spacing within a band (except in the 60 GHz band, where they are 2.16 GHz apart), and the number refers to the centre frequency of the channel. Although channels are numbered at 5 MHz spacing, transmitters generally occupy at least 20 MHz, and standards allow for channels to be bonded together to form wider channels for higher throughput. Those are also numbered by the centre frequency of the bonded group.

Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. The ISM band ranges are also often used.[4]

900 MHz (802.11ah)

802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channels number depends on the starting frequency of the sub-band it belongs to. Thus, there is no global channels numbering plan, and the channels numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region).

The following sub-bands are defined in the 802.11ah specifications:

Region Subband
(MHz)
Bandwidths
(MHz)
Australia 915–920 1, 2, 4
920–928 1, 2, 4, 8
China 755–779 1
779–787 1, 2, 4, 8
Europe 863–868 1, 2
Japan 916.5–927.5 1
Korea 917.5–923.5 1, 2, 4
New
Zealand
915–924 1, 2, 4, 8
924–928 1, 2, 4
Singapore 866–869 1, 2
920–925 1, 2, 4
United
States[5]
902–904 1, 2
904–920 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
920–928 1, 2, 4, 8

2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n/ax)

Fourteen channels are designated in the 2.4 GHz range, spaced 5 MHz apart from each other except for a 12 MHz space before channel 14.[6]

Channel F0 (MHz) Frequency
Range
(MHz)
North
America
[7]

Japan
[7]
Most of
world
[7][8][9][10]
[11][12][13][14]
0124122401–2423YesYesYes
0224172406–2428YesYesYes
0324222411–2433YesYesYes
0424272416–2438YesYesYes
0524322421–2443YesYesYes
0624372426–2448YesYesYes
0724422431–2453YesYesYes
0824472436–2458YesYesYes
0924522441–2463YesYesYes
1024572446–2468YesYesYes
1124622451–2473YesYesYes
1224672456–2478NoB except CANYesYes
1324722461–2483NoBYesYes
1424842473–2495No11b onlyCNo

Nations apply their own RF emission regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time. Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.

To guarantee no interference in any circumstances the Wi‑Fi protocol requires 16.25 to 22 MHz of channel separation (as shown below). The remaining 2 MHz gap is used as a guard band to allow sufficient attenuation along the edge of the band. This guardband is mainly used to accommodate older routers with modem chipsets prone to full channel occupancy, as most modern Wi‑Fi modems are not prone to excessive channel occupancy. In 22 MHz channel width situations, there is 3 MHz free/unused spectrum between NON-overlapping channels, this is not called guard band but channel spacing.

Graphical representation of overlapping 20 MHz channels within the 2.4 GHz band

While overlapping frequencies can be configured at a location will usually work, it can cause interference resulting in slowdowns, sometimes severe, particularly in heavy use. Certain subsets of frequencies can be used simultaneously at any one location without interference (see diagrams for typical allocations):

Most countries Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4 GHz band. Note "channel 3" in the 40 MHz diagram above is often labelled with the 20 MHz channel numbers "1+5" or "1" with "+ Upper" or "5" with "+ Lower" in router interfaces, and "11" as "9+13" or "9" with "+ Upper" or "13" with "+ Lower"
North America Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4 GHz band. Note "channel 3" in the 40 MHz diagram above is often labelled with the 20 MHz channel numbers "1+5" or "1" with "+ Upper" or "5" with "+ Lower" in router interfaces.

However, the exact spacing required when the transmitters are not colocated depends on the protocol, the data rate selected, the distances and the electromagnetic environment where the equipment is used.[15]

The overall effect is that if there is considerable overlap between adjacent channels transmitters they will often interfere with each other. However, using every fourth or fifth channel by leaving three or four channels clear between used channels can cause less interference than sharing channels, and narrower spacing still can be used at further distances.[16][15]

3.65 GHz (802.11y)

Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008

This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band.

A 40 MHz band is available from 3655–3695 MHz. It may be divided into eight 5 MHz channels, four 10 MHz channels, or two 20 MHz channels, as follows:

Channel Frequency
(MHz)
North America
5 MHz10 MHz20 MHz
1313657.5YesNoNo
1323660.0NoYes
3662.5YesNo
1333665.0NoYes
No
3667.5YesNo
1343670.0NoYes
3672.5YesNo
1353675.0No
NoNo
3677.5Yes
1363680.0NoYes
3682.5YesNo
1373685.0NoYes
No
3687.5YesNo
1383690.0NoYes
3692.5YesNo

5.0 GHz (802.11j) WLAN

In Japan, 100 MHz of spectrum from 4900 MHz to 5000 MHz can be used for both indoor and outdoor connection starting from year 2002 [registration needed]. Originally, another spectrum 5030–5091 MHz was also available for use, however, it has been re-purposed and cannot be used after the year 2017.[17]

50 MHz of spectrum from 4940 MHz to 4990 MHz (WLAN channels 20–26) are in use by public safety entities in the United States. Within this spectrum space, there are two non-overlapping channels allocated, both with a width of 20 MHz. The most commonly used channels are 22 and 26.

5 GHz or 5.9 GHz (802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax)


Channel Center
Frequency
(MHz)
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
10
MHz
20
MHz
40
MHz
80
MHz
160
MHz
United
States
FCC
U-NII Band(s)
United
States
[18]
Canada
[19][20]
Europe
[21][22][23][24][25][26]
Russia
[27]
Japan
[28][29]
India
Singa-
pore
[30][31]
Mainland China
[32]
Israel
[11]
Korea
[33][34]
Turkey
[35]
Australia
[12]
South Africa
[36]
Brazil
[13]
Taiwan
[37]
New
Zealand
[38]
Bahrain
[39]
Vietnam
[40]
Indonesia[41]
7 5035 5030–5040 10 N/ANoNoNoNoNoUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
8 5040 5030–5050 20 N/ANoNoNoNoNoUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
9 5045 5040–5050 10 N/ANoNoNoNoNoUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
11 5055 5050–5060 10 N/ANoNoNoNoNoUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
12 5060 5050–5070 20 N/ANoNoNoNoNoUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
16 5080 5070–5090 20 N/ANoNoNoNoNoUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
32 5160 5150–5170 20 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsYesYesUn­knownIndoorsIndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsUn­knownUn­knownYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
34 5170 5150–5190 40 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesNoIndoorsIndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
36 5180 5170–5190 20 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
38 5190 5170–5210 40 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesNoIndoorsIndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
40 5200 5190–5210 20 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
42 5210 5170–5250 80 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsNoNoYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
44 5220 5210–5230 20 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
46 5230 5210–5250 40 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesNoIndoorsIndoors and [note 4]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
48 5240 5230–5250 20 U-NII-1YesIndoorsIndoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]IndoorsIndoorsYesYesIndoorsIndoors and [note 4]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsIndoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsYesIndoorsIndoorsIndoorsIndoors
50 5250 5170–5330 160 U-NII-1 and U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
NoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCNo
52 5260 5250–5270 20 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
54 5270 5250–5290 40 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
56 5280 5270–5290 20 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
58 5290 5250–5330 80 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
NoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
60 5300 5290–5310 20 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
62 5310 5290–5330 40 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
64 5320 5310–5330 20 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFS/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Indoors/DFS/
TPC
IndoorsDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
68 5340 5330–5350 20 U-NII-2ADFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]
Indoors/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC
YesDFS/TPC or [note 3]Un­knownIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors/DFS/
TPC
Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
Un­knownUn­knownDFSDFS/TPC or [note 3]Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 3]
DFS/TPCIndoors
96 5480 5470–5490 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCYesDFS/TPCUn­knownIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]Un­knownUn­knownDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
100 5500 5490–5510 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCYesDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
102 5510 5490–5530 40 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
104 5520 5510–5530 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
106 5530 5490–5570 80 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
108 5540 5530–5550 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
110 5550 5530–5570 40 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
112 5560 5550–5570 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
114 5570 5490–5650 160 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
116 5580 5570–5590 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
118 5590 5570–5610 40 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCNoDFSDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
120 5600 5590–5610 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCNoYesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
122 5610 5570–5650 80 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCNoNoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
124 5620 5610–5630 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCNoYesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
126 5630 5610–5650 40 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCNoYesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
128 5640 5630–5650 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]NoDFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCNoYesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
132 5660 5650–5670 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
134 5670 5650–5690 40 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
136 5680 5670–5690 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
138 5690 5650–5730 80 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7] + SRD (25 mW)Indoors/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5][note 8]
DFS/TPCNoDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
140 5700 5690–5710 20 U-NII-2CDFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors[note 9]DFS/TPCDFS/TPCDFS/TPC or [note 5]YesDFSDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
142 5710 5690–5730 40 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7] + SRD (25 mW)Indoors/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCUn­knownDFS/TPCNoIndoors[note 9]DFS/TPCNoDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
144 5720 5710–5730 20 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 5]DFS/TPC or [note 6] [note 7] + SRD (25 mW)Indoors/TPC or [note 3]DFS/TPCIndoorsDFS/TPCNoIndoors[note 9]DFS/TPCNoDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoNoDFSDFS/TPC or [note 5]NoDFS/TPC or [note 5]No
149 5745 5735–5755 20 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesYesIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoYesYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesYes
151 5755 5735–5775 40 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesNoIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoYesYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesYes
153 5765 5755–5775 20 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesYesIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoYesYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesYes
155 5775 5735–5815 80 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesNoIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoNoYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesYes
157 5785 5775–5795 20 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesYesIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoYesYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesYes
159 5795 5775–5815 40 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesNoIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoYesYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesYes
161 5805 5795–5815 20 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesYesIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoYesYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesYes
163 5815 5735–5895 160 U-NII-3 and U-NII-4Indoors[43]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoIndoors[note 9]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
165 5825 5815–5835 20 U-NII-3YesYesSRD (25 mW)[42]Indoors/TPC or [note 3]NoIndoorsYesYesIndoors[note 9]YesNoYesNoYesYesYesDFS/TPC/
Fixed
YesNo
167 5835 5815–5855 40 U-NII-3 and U-NII-4Indoors[43]NoSRD (25 mW)[42]NoNoYesNoNoIndoors[note 9]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
169 5845 5835–5855 20 U-NII-4Indoors[43]NoSRD (25 mW)[42]NoNoYesNoNoIndoors[note 9]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
171 5855 5825–5885 80 U-NII-3 and U-NII-4Indoors[43]NoSRD (25 mW)[42]NoNoYesNoNoIndoors[note 9]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
173 5865 5855–5875 20 U-NII-4Indoors[43]NoSRD (25 mW)[42]NoNoYesNoNoIndoors[note 9]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
175 5875 5855–5885 40 U-NII-4Indoors[43]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
177 5885 5875–5895 20 U-NII-4Indoors[43]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
183 4915 4910–4920 10 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
184 4920 4910–4930 20 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
185 4925 4920–4930 10 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
187 4935 4930–4940 10 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
188 4940 4930–4950 20 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
189 4945 4940–4950 10 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
192 4960 4950–4970 20 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
196 4980 4970–4990 20 N/ANoNoNoNoregistration neededUn­knownNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Channel Center
Frequency
(MHz)
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
10
MHz
20
MHz
40
MHz
80
MHz
160
MHz
United States
FCC
U-NII Band(s)
United States Canada Europe Russia Japan India Singapore Mainland China Israel Korea Turkey Australia South Africa Brazil Taiwan New Zealand Bahrain Vietnam Indonesia
Notes:
  1. Transmit power / Power density: Max. 200 mW e.i.r.p. Max. 10 mW/MHz e.i.r.p. density in any 1 MHz band. WAS/RLANs operating in the band 5250 - 5350 MHz shall either employ transmitter power control (TPC), which provides, on average, a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB on the maximum permitted output power of the systems; or if transmitter power control is not in use, the maximum permitted e.i.r.p. and the corresponding e.i.r.p. density limits shall be reduced by 3 dB. Type of Antenna: integral or dedicated. Max. 25 mW e.i.r.p. (5150 - 5250 MHz) inside cars for RLAN use. RLAN use inside cars (passenger cars, lorries, buses) in the band 5150-5250 MHz is allowed at a maximum e.i.r.p. of 25 mW. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 / ERC/REC 70-03, Annex A.
  2. Channel access and occupation rules: WAS/RLANs operating in the band 5250 - 5350 MHz shall use mitigation techniques that give at least the same protection as the detection, operational and response requirements described in EN 301 893 to ensure compatible operation with radiodetermination systems (radars). Such mitigation techniques shall equalise the probability of selecting a specific channel for all available channels so as to ensure, on average, a near-uniform spread of spectrum loading. The equipment shall implement an adequate spectrum sharing mechanism in order to facilitate sharing between the various technologies and applications. The adequate spectrum sharing mechanism can be e.g. LBT (Listen Before Talk), DAA (Detect And Avoid) or any other mechanism providing a similar level of mitigation. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 / ERC/REC 70-03, Annex A.
  3. limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW without TPC
  4. limited to power density of 2.5mW/MHz
  5. limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W without TPC
  6. Transmit power / Power density: Max. 1 W e.i.r.p. Max. 50 mW/MHz e.i.r.p. density in any 1 MHz band. WAS/RLANs operating in the band 5470 - 5725 MHz shall either employ transmitter power control (TPC), which provides, on average, a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB on the maximum permitted output power of the systems; or if transmitter power control is not in use, the maximum permitted e.i.r.p. and the corresponding e.i.r.p. density limits shall be reduced by 3 dB. Type of Antenna: integral or dedicated. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 /-.
  7. Channel access and occupation rules: WAS/RLANs operating in the bands 5470 - 5725 MHz shall use mitigation techniques that give at least the same protection as the detection, operational and response requirements described in EN 301 893 to ensure compatible operation with radiodetermination systems (radars). Such mitigation techniques shall equalise the probability of selecting a specific channel for all available channels so as to ensure, on average, a near-uniform spread of spectrum loading. The equipment shall implement an adequate spectrum sharing mechanism in order to facilitate sharing between the various technologies and applications. The adequate spectrum sharing mechanism can be e.g. LBT (Listen Before Talk), DAA (Detect And Avoid) or any other mechanism providing a similar level of mitigation. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 /-.
  8. limited to power density of 14dBm/MHz instead of 17dBm/MHz without TPC
  9. limited to power density of 10dBm/MHz, limited to 25 mW
Caption
Text Meaning
YesMAY be used without restrictions.
NoSHOULD NOT be used.
IndoorsMUST be used indoor only.
DFSMUST be used with DFS regardless indoor or outdoor.
SRDMUST comply with SRD requirements regardless indoor or outdoor.
Indoors/DFSMUST be used with DFS and indoor only.
Indoors/TPCMUST be used with TPC and indoor only.
DFS/TPCMUST be used with DFS and TPC.
DFS/TPC + SRDMUST be used with DFS, TPC and comply with SRD requirements.
Indoors/DFS/TPCMUST be used with DFS, TPC and indoor only.
registration neededMUST be used only after registration.
Un­knownInformation not available or defined.
Notes: RFC 2119, RFC 854

United States

Source:[44]

In 2007, the FCC (United States) began requiring that devices operating in the bands of 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz must employ dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) capabilities. This is to avoid interference with weather-radar and military applications.[45] In 2010, the FCC further clarified the use of channels in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band to avoid interference with TDWR, a type of weather radar system.[46] In FCC parlance, these restrictions are now referred to collectively as the "Old Rules". On 10 June 2015, the FCC approved a "new" ruleset for 5 GHz device operation (called the "New Rules"), which adds 160 and 80 MHz channel identifiers, and re-enables previously prohibited DFS channels, in Publication Number 905462.[47] This FCC publication eliminates the ability for manufacturers to have devices approved or modified under the Old Rules in phases; the New Rules apply in all circumstances as of 2 June 2016.[47]

Source:[48] "To help meet the increasing demand for Wi-Fi and other unlicensed services, the FCC’s new rules will make 45 megahertz of the 5.9 GHz band available for unlicensed use. This spectrum’s impact will be further amplified by the fact that it is adjacent to an existing Wi-Fi band which, when combined with the 45 megahertz made available today, will support cutting edge broadband applications. These high-throughput channels—up to 160 megahertz wide—will enable gigabit Wi-Fi connectivity for schools, hospitals, small businesses, and other consumers. The Report and Order adopts technical rules to enable full-power indoor unlicensed operations in the lower 45 megahertz portion of the band immediately, as well as opportunities for outdoor unlicensed use on a coordinated basis under certain circumstances. Under the new rules, ITS services will be required to vacate the lower 45 megahertz of the band within one year."

Germany

Germany requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz as well; in addition, the frequency range 5.150–5.350 GHz is allowed only for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725 GHz for outdoor and indoor use.[49]

Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.[50][51]

European standard EN 301 893 covers 5.15–5.725 GHz operation, and as of 23 May 2017 v2.1.1 has been adopted.[52]

Austria

Austria adopted Decision 2005/513/EC directly into national law.[53] The same restrictions as in Germany apply, only 5.470–5.725 GHz is allowed to be used outdoor and indoor.

South Africa

Source for South Africa: [36]

Japan

Japan's use of 10 and 20 MHz-wide 5 GHz wireless channels is codified by Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) document STD-T71, Broadband Mobile Access Communication System (CSMA).[54] Additional rule specifications relating to 40, 80, and 160 MHz channel allocation has been taken on by Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).[55]

Brazil

In Brazil, the TPC use in 5.150–5.725 GHz band is optional. DFS is required only in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band.[56]

Australia

As of 2015, some of the Australian channels require DFS to be utilised (a significant change from the 2000 regulations, which allowed lower power operation without DFS).[12] As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 GHz and 5470–5725 GHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).

New Zealand

New Zealand regulation differs from Australian.[57]

Singapore

Singapore regulatory – IMDA requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz above 100 mW EIRP and below or equal to 200 mW EIRP, requires DFS capability on 5.250–5.350 GHz below or equal to 100 mW EIRP, and requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.470–5.725 below or equal to 1000 mW EIRP. Operating 5.725–5.850 GHz above 1000 mW and below or equal to 4000 mW EIRP shall be approved on exceptional basis.[31]

South Korea

In South Korea, the Ministry of Science and ICT has public notices. 신고하지 아니하고 개설할 수 있는 무선국용 무선설비의 기술기준, Technical standard for radio equipment for radio stations that can be opened without reporting. They allowed 160 MHz channel bandwidth from 2018-6-27. [58]

China

China MIIT expanded allowed channels as of 31 December 2012 to add UNII-1, 5150–5250 GHz, UNII-2, 5250–5350 GHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.[59]

Indonesia

Indonesia allows use of frequency of 5.150-5.250 GHz and 5.250-5.350 GHz for indoors use with maximum EIRP of 200 mW and frequency of 5.725-5.825 GHz with maximum EIRP of 4000 mW for outdoors and 200 mW for indoors.[41]

5.9 GHz (802.11p)

The 802.11p amendment published on 15 July 2010, specifies WLAN in the licensed band of 5.9 GHz (5.850–5.925 GHz).

6 GHz (802.11ax)

United States[60]

On 23 April 2020, the FCC voted on and ratified a Report and Order[61] to allocate 1.2 GHz of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz band (5.925-7.125 GHz) for Wi-Fi use.

The Wi-Fi Alliance has introduced the term "Wi-Fi 6E" to identify and certify Wi-Fi devices that support this new band. Channel numbers will be defined by the IEEE's 802.11ax task group.

Low-Power Indoor (LPI) Operation

USA 6 GHz Low Power Indoor Channels
Band20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz160 MHz
[U-NII]-5241263
U-NII-652.51.250.5
U-NII-717.58.754.252.25
U-NII-812.55.752.51.25
TOTAL5929147

Note: Partial channels indicate channels that span UNII boundaries, which is permitted in 6 GHz LPI operation. Under the proposed channel numbers, the U-NII-7/U-NII-8 boundary is spanned by channels 185 (20 MHZ), 187 (40 MHz), 183 (80 MHz), and 175 (160 MHz). The U-NII-6/U-NII-7 boundary is spanned by channels 115 (40 MHz), 119 (80 MHz), and channel 111 (160 MHz).

For use in indoor environments, access points are limited to a maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and a maximum Power Spectral Density of 5 dBm/MHz. They can operate in this mode on all four U-NII bands (5,6,7,8) without the use of automatic frequency coordination. These types of access points are not permitted to be connectorized for external antennas.

Standard Power

USA 6 GHz Standard Power Channels
Band20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz160 MHz
U-NII-5241263
U-NII-6Not allowed
U-NII-717831
U-NII-8Not Allowed
TOTAL412094

Standard power access points are permitted indoors and outdoors at a maximum EIRP of 36 dBm in the U-NII-5 and U-NII-7 sub-bands with automatic frequency coordination (AFC).

Very Low Power Devices

The FCC will issue a ruling in the future on a third class of very low power devices such as hotspots and short-range applications.

Client Devices

Clients are limited to 24 dB below the power of the access point.

Europe

The European Commission is expected to rule on 6 GHz in early 2021. It is currently expected that EU regulations will permit operation only in the band from 5925–6425 MHz (corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) by Low Power Indoor and Very Low Power devices. [62]

EU 6 GHz Channels
Band20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz160 MHz
5925–6425 MHz241263

United Kingdom

The UK's OFCOM is expected to generally mirror EU regulations.[63]

60 GHz (802.11ad/ay)

The 802.11ad/ay, also known as WiGig. This operates in the 60 GHz V band ISM band.

ChannelCenter (GHz)Min. (GHz)Max. (GHz)BW (GHz)
158.3257.2459.402.16
260.4859.4061.56
362.6461.5663.72
464.8063.7265.88
566.9665.8868.04
669.1268.0470.20

Most original 802.11ad based chipset products only use channels 1-4.

There are some exceptions to this channel scheme. For example, IgniteNet (manufacturer of 60 GHz PtP and PtMP products) incorporate an option for eight 1.08GHz wide "half channels" (channels 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5).

See also

Notes

^B In the US, 802.11 operation on channels 12 and 13 is allowed under low power conditions. The 2.4 GHz Part 15 band in the US allows spread-spectrum operation as long as the 50 dB bandwidth of the signal is within the range of 2,400–2,483.5 MHz[64] which fully encompasses both channels 12 and 13. A Federal Communications Commission (FCC) document clarifies that only channel 14 is forbidden and that low-power transmitters with low-gain antennas may operate legally in channels 12 and 13.[65] Channels 12 and 13, however, are not normally used in order to avoid any potential interference in the adjacent restricted frequency band, 2,483.5–2,500 MHz,[66] which is subject to strict emission limits set out in 47 CFR § 15.205.[67] Per recent FCC Order 16-181, "an authorized access point device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of a Globalstar Network Operating Center and that a client device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of an authorized access point"[68]

In Canada, 12 channels are available for use, 11 of which at full power and the other (channel 12) is transmit power limited. Few devices, however, have a method to enable a lower powered channel 12.

^C Channel 14 is valid only for DSSS and CCK modes (Clause 18 a.k.a. 802.11b) in Japan. OFDM (i.e., 802.11g) may not be used. (IEEE 802.11-2007 §19.4.2)

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