List of battles involving the Ghaznavid Empire

This is an incomplete list of battles fought by the Ghaznavids.

Indian subcontinent Turkmenistan Afghanistan Iran Uzbekistan

( Color legend for the location of the battle )

Year Name Location Ghaznavid commander Opponent Victor
988 1st Battle of Laghman near Laghman Sabuktigin Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[1]
991 2nd Battle of Laghman near Laghman Sabuktigin Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[2]
994 Battle of Herat near Herat Sabuktigin Abu Ali Simjuri(Simjurids) Ghaznavids(Sabuktigin is appointed Amir of Khurasan, Balkh and Herat)[3]
998 1st Battle of Ghazni Ghazni Ismail of Ghazni (Amir of Ghazna) Mahmud Mahmud of Ghazna is made Amir of Ghazna.[4]
May 999 Battle of Merv Merv Mahmud of Ghazni(Samanid forces for Mansur II) Samanid forces of Abd al-Malik II Mahmud of Ghazni[5]
1001 Battle of Peshawar Peshawar Mahmud of Ghazni Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[6]
1005-6 Siege of Multan Multan Mahmud of Ghazni Fateh Daud Ghaznavids[7]
1008 Battle of Balkh Balkh Mahmud of Ghazni Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan(Kara-Khanids) Ghaznavids[8][9]
1009 Battle of Ohind Ohind Mahmud of Ghazni Anandapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[6]
1027 Battle of the Indus River Mahmud of Ghazni Jats Ghaznavids[10]
1032 Battle of Dabusiyya Altun Tash(Ghaznavid general) Kara-Khanids & Seljuq allies Indecisive[11]
1033 Siege of Sarsawa near Saharanpur Mas'ud I of Ghazni Mas'ud I[12]
1035 Battle of Nasa Plains Tabaristan Begtoghdi(Ghaznavid chamberlain) Chaghri Beg(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[13]
1037 Siege of Hansi near Delhi[12] Mas'ud I of Ghazni Mas'ud I[14]
1038 Battle of Sarakhs Sarakhs Abu'l-Fadl Suri(Ghaznavid governor of Khurasan) Tughril(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[15]
1038 Battle of Rey Rey Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar(Kakuyids) Kakuyid dynasty[16]
1040 Battle of Dandanaqan near Merv Mas'ud I of Ghazni Chaghri Beg, Tughril(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[17]
November 1040 Siege of Zaranj Zaranj Abu l-Fadl(Ghaznavid commander) Ertash(Seljuq Turks) Abu l-Fadl joined Seljuq Turks and Zaranj was occupied.[18]
19 March 1041 Battle of Nangrahar near Jalalabad Muhammad(second son of Mahmud) Maw'dud(eldest son of Masud) Maw'dud defeats Muhammad and gains Ghaznavid throne.[19]
1043-44 Tokharistan Maw'dud Alp Arslan(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[20]
1045-6 near Zaranj Ertash(Seljuq Turks) Ghaznavids[21]
1051 Battle of Hupyan Hupyan Toghrul of Ghazna Alp Arslan Ghaznavids[22]
1051 Siege of Taq Sistan Toghrul of Ghazna(slave general) Kotwal Hilal Daraqi(Saffarids) Saffarids retain Taq[23]
1116 Battle of Tiginabad Tiginabad(near Kandahar)[24] Arslan Shah (Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire) Bahram-Shah Arslan Shah[25]
1117 2nd Battle of Ghazni plain of Shahrabad, near Ghazni[26] Arslan Shah (Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire) Ahmad Sanjar
Bahram-Shah		 Ahmad Sanjar(Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)[26]
12 May 1149 Battle of Sang-i Surakh Near upper part of the Helmand River Bahram-Shah Sayf al-Din Suri (Ghurids) Bahram Shah[27]
June 1170 (near Kannauj) Jayachandra(Gahadvala dynasty) Gahadvala dynasty[28]
1186 Siege of Lahore Lahore Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad(Ghurid dynasty) Ghurid Dynasty[29]

References
  1. Rickmers 1899, p. 101.
  2. Sen 1988, p. 342.
  3. Bosworth 1998, p. 98.
  4. Bosworth 1963, p. 45.
  5. Sicker 2000, p. 48.
  6. Chandra 2006, p. 18.
  7. Bosworth 1977, p. 31.
  8. Brockelmann, Perlmann & Carmichael 1947, p. 169.
  9. Grousset 2002, p. 146.
  10. Ali 2011, p. 543.
  11. Bosworth 1968, p. 19.
  12. Bosworth 1999, p. 188.
  13. Ibn al-Athir 2002, p. 35.
  14. Sen 1988, p. 357.
  15. Safi 2006, p. 24.
  16. Blair 1992, p. 112.
  17. Grousset 2002, p. 147.
  18. Bosworth 1977, p. 28.
  19. Bosworth 1977, p. 22-24.
  20. Bosworth 1977, p. 26.
  21. Bosworth 1977, p. 29.
  22. Bosworth 1977, p. 43.
  23. Bosworth 1977, p. 44.
  24. Helms 1983, p. 342-354.
  25. Bosworth 1977, p. 93.
  26. Bosworth 1977, p. 96.
  27. Bosworth 1977, p. 114-115.
  28. Bosworth 1977, p. 126.
  29. Bosworth 2012.

Sources
  • Ali, Adam (2011). "Mahmud of Ghazni". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol.1. ABC-CLIO.
  • Blair, Sheila (1992). The Monumental inscriptions from early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana. Brill.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1963). The Ghaznavids:994-1040. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000-1217)". In Boyle, J.A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran: The Saljuq and Mongol Period. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1977). The Later Ghaznavids. Columbia University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1998). "The Ghaznavids". In Asimov, M. S.; Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century. Vol. 4. UNESCO.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1999). "The Early Ghaznavids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (2012). "Ghaznavids". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  • Brockelmann, Carl; Perlmann, Moshe; Carmichael, Joel (1947). History of the Islamic Peoples: With a Review of Events, 1939-1947. G.P. Putnam's sons.
  • Chandra, Satish (2006). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1206-1526). Har-Anand Publications.
  • Grousset, Rene (2002). The Empire of the Steppes. Translated by Walford, Naomi. Rutgers University Press.
  • Helms, S. W. (1983). "Kandahar of the Arab Conquest". World Archaeology. Vol. 14, No.3, Islamic Archaeology (Feb.).
  • Ibn al-Athir, Izz al-D in (2002). Hillenbrand, Carole (ed.). The Annals of the Saljuq Turks. Translated by Richards, D.S. Routledge.
  • Rickmers, Christian Mabel (Duff) (1899). The Chronology of India, from the earliest times to the beginning of the sixteenth century. Archibald Constable & Co.
  • Safi, Omid (2006). The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry. University of North Carolina Press.
  • Sen, S. N. (1988). Ancient Indian History And Civilization. New Age International.
  • Sicker, Martin (2000). The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna. Greenwood Publishing.
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