List of chess openings named after people
The Oxford Companion to Chess lists 1,327 named openings and variants.[1] Chess players' names are the most common sources of opening names. The name given to an opening is not always that of the first player to adopt it; often an opening is named for the player who was one of the first to popularize it or to publish analysis of it.
A
- Abonyi Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.e4 Nxe5 5.f4 Nec6 – named after István Abonyi;[2]
- Adams Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.h3 – named after Weaver W. Adams;[3]
- Adler Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.Nf3 – named after Adler;[4]
- Alapin's Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Ne2 – named after Semyon Alapin;[5]
- Alapin Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.c3 – named after Semyon Alapin;[6]
- Albin Countergambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e5 – named after Adolf Albin;[7]
- Alburt Variation of the Alekhine's Defence – 1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4.Nf3 g6 – named after Lev Alburt;[8]
- Alekhine–Chatard Attack on the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.h4 – named after Alexander Alekhine and Eugene Chatard;[9]
- Alekhine's Defence – 1.e4 Nf6 – named after Alexander Alekhine;[7]
- Alekhine Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.e4 – named after Alexander Alekhine;[10]
- Allgaier Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ng5 – named after Johann Baptist Allgaier;[10]
- Anderssen's Opening – 1.a3 – named after Adolf Anderssen;[11]
- Arkell-Khenkin Variation of the Caro–Kann Defense – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 – named after Keith Arkell and Igor Khenkin;[12]
- Averbakh System of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 – named after Yuri Averbakh;[13]
B
- Balogh Defense – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 f5 – named after János Balogh;[14]
- Barcza System – 1.Nf3 d5 2.g3 – named after Gedeon Barcza;
- Barnes Opening – 1.f3 – named after Thomas Wilson Barnes;[15]
- Basman Defence – 1.e4 g5 – named after Michael Basman;[16]
- Becker Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 h6 – named after Albert Becker;[10]
- Bellon Gambit - 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Nf3 e4 4.Ng5 b5 - named after Juan Manuel Bellón López;
- Benko Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 – named after Pal Benko;[17]
- Benko's Opening – 1.g3 – named after Pal Benko;[18]
- Bird Defense of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nd4 – named after Henry Bird;[19]
- Bird's Opening – 1.f4 – named after Henry Bird;[7]
- Blackburne Shilling Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nd4 – named after Joseph Henry Blackburne;[20]
- Blackmar-Diemer Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 – named after Armand Blackmar and Emil Josef Diemer;[7]
- Blumenfeld Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nf3 b5 – named after Benjamin Blumenfeld;[7]
- Boden-Kieseritzky Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 Nf6 3.Nf3 Nxe4 4.Nc3 - named after Samuel Boden and Lionel Kieseritzky
- Bogoljubov Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 Nc6 – named after Efim Bogoljubov
- Bogo-Indian Defense - 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Bb4+ - named after Efim Bogoljubov
- Boleslavsky Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Be2 e5 – named after Isaac Boleslavsky;[15]
- Bonsch-Osmolovsky Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Ne7 – named after Mikhail Bonsch-Osmolovsky;[21]
- Botvinnik System of the Semi-Slav Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 5.Bg5 dxc4 6.e4 b5 – named after Mikhail Botvinnik;[22]
- Botvinnik Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.e4 – named after Mikhail Botvinnik;[15]
- Brentano Defense of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 g5 – named after Franz Brentano;[23]
- Breyer Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Nb8 – named after Gyula Breyer;[24]
- Breyer Variation of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Qf3 – named after Gyula Breyer;[25]
C
- Capablanca Variation of the Reti Opening – 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 c6 3.b3 Nf6 4.Bb2 Bg4 – named after José Raúl Capablanca;[26]
- Camara Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Qe7 – named after International Master Hélder Câmara.[27]
- Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 – named after Horatio Caro and Marcus Kann;[7]
- Chekhover Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Qxd4 – named after Vitaly Chekhover;[28]
- Chigorin Defence of the Queen's Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nc6 – named after Mikhail Chigorin;[7]
- Chigorin Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 – named after Mikhail Chigorin;[7]
- Chigorin Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.Qe2 – named after Mikhail Chigorin;
- Clemenz Opening – 1.h3 – named after Hermann Clemenz;[15]
- Cochrane Gambit of the Petrov's Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nxf7 – named after John Cochrane;[29]
- Colle System – 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.e3 – named after Edgard Colle;[7]
- Colman Variation of the Two Knights Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Qf3 Rb8 – named after Eugene Ernest Colman;[30]
- Cozio Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nge7 – named after Carlo Cozio;[10]
- Cunningham Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Be7 – named after Alexander Cunningham;[7]
D
- Damiano Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f6 – named after Pedro Damiano;[31]
- Desprez Opening – 1.h4 – named after Marcel Desprez;[32]
- Dory Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Ne4 – named after Ladislaus Dory;[7]
- Dunst Opening – 1.Nc3 – named after Ted A. Dunst;[7]
- Durkin Opening – 1.Na3 – named after Robert Durkin;[7]
- Duras Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 d6 5.c4 – named after Oldřich Duras;[33]
E
- Eisenberg Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nh3 – named after Louis Eisenberg;[34]
- Englund Gambit – 1.d4 e5 – named after Fritz Englund;[35]
- Epishin Variation of the Benko Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 4.cxb5 a6 5.bxa6 g6 6.Nc3 Bxa6 7.Nf3 d6 8.g3 Bg7 9.Bg2 Nbd7 10.Rb1 – named after Vladimir Epishin;[36]
- Evans Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 – named after William Davies Evans;[7]
F
- Fajarowicz Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ne4 – named after Sammi Fajarowicz;[37]
- Falkbeer Countergambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 d5 – named after Ernst Falkbeer;[7]
- Fischer Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 d6 – named after Bobby Fischer;[38]
- Fleissig Variation of the Scotch Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Bc5 5.Be3 Qf6 6.c3 Nge7 7.Nc2 – named after Bernhard Fleissig;[39]
- Flohr-Mikenas-Carls Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 – named after Salo Flohr, Vladas Mikėnas and Carl Johan Margot Carls;[40]
- Flohr Variation of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Bf5 5.Ng3 Bg6 6.Nh3 – named after Salo Flohr;[41]
- Flohr Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qa4+ – named after Salo Flohr;[42]
- Frankenstein–Dracula Variation of the Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Bc4 Nxe4 – named after Frankenstein's monster and Count Dracula;
- From's Gambit of the Bird's Opening – 1.f4 e5 – named after Martin Severin From;[7]
- Furman Variation of the Queen's Gambit Accepted – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.e3 e6 5.Bxc4 c5 6.0-0 a6 7.dxc5 Bxc5 – named after Semyon Furman;[43]
G
- Gajewski Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 d5 – named after Grzegorz Gajewski;[44]
- Glek Defense of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be2 e5 7.0-0 Na6 – named after Igor Glek;[45]
- Glek Variation of the Four Knights Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.g3 – named after Igor Glek;[46]
- Gligoric – Taimanov Variation of the King's Indian Defence 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 0-0 6. Be2 e5 7. Be3 – named after Svetozar Gligorić and Mark Taimanov;[47]
- Göring Gambit of the Scotch Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 – named after Carl Göring;[7]
- Goglidze Attack – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.f3 d5 – named after Viktor Goglidze;[48]
- Grivas Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Qb6 – named after Efstratios Grivas;[49]
- Grob's Attack – 1.g4 – named after Henri Grob;[50]
- Gunderam Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Qe7 – named after Gerhard Gunderam;[51]
- Gurgenidze Defense of the Modern Defense – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 3.Nc3 c6 4.f4 d5 5.e5 h5 – named after Bukhuti Gurgenidze;[52]
- Gurgenidze Variation of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 b5 – named after Bukhuti Gurgenidze;[52]
- Gurgenidze Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 g6 4.0-0 Bg7 5.Re1 e5 6.b4 – named after Bukhuti Gurgenidze;[52]
- Gusev Countergambit of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c5 3.cxd5 Nf6 – named after Yuri Gusev;[53]
- Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 – named after Ernst Grünfeld;[7]
H
- Hanham Variation of the Philidor Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Nd7 – named after James Hanham;[7]
- Hodgson Attack – 1.d4 d5 2.Bg5 – named after Julian Hodgson;[54]
- Hopton Attack of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.Bg5 – named after Hopton;[55]
- Horwitz Defense - 1.d4 e6 - named after Bernhard Horwitz;
- Hromádka System of the Benoni Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 d6 – named after Karel Hromádka;[56]
- Hübner Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c5 – named after Robert Hübner;[57]
I
- Ilyin-Genevsky Variation of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 Qe8 – named after Alexander Ilyin-Genevsky;[58]
J
- Janowski Variation of the Old Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 d6 3. Nc3 Bf5 – named after Dawid Janowski;
- Jasnogrodsky Defense of the Rice Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 Nf6 6.Bc4 d5 7.exd5 Bd6 8.0-0 Bxe5 9.Re1 Qe7 10.c3 Nh5 – named after Nicolai Jasnogrodsky;[59]
- Jerome Gambit of the Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+ – named after Alonzo Wheeler Jerome;[60]
K
- Kan Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 a6 – named after Ilya Kan;[28]
- Karklins-Martinovsky Variation of the Petrov's Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nd3 – named after Chicago masters Andrew Karklins and Eugene Martinovsky;[61]
- Karpov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Nd7 – named after Anatoly Karpov;[62]
- Katalymov Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 b6 – named after Boris Katalymov;[63]
- Keene Defense to the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 Qh4+ 3.g3 Qe7 – named after Raymond Keene;[64]
- Keres Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.g4 – named after Paul Keres;[65]
- Keres Defence – 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+ – named after Paul Keres;[66]
- Keres Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Ne2 – named after Paul Keres;[28]
- Kevitz Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 Nc6 – named after Alexander Kevitz;[66]
- Kholmov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6 – named after Ratmir Kholmov;[67]
- Kieseritzky Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 – named after Lionel Kieseritzky
- Knorre Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Nxe4 6.Nc3 – named after Viktor Knorre;[68]
- Koltanowski Gambit of the Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.0-0 Nf6 5.d4 – named after George Koltanowski;
- Kondratiyev Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Bd3 c5 5.exd5 Qxd5 6.Bd2 – named after Pavel Kondratiyev;[69]
- Konikowski Gambit of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Bc5 4.c3 d5 – named after Jerzy Konikowski;[70]
- Konstantinopolsky Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.g3 – named after Alexander Konstantinopolsky;[15]
- Kopec System – 1. e4 c5 2. Bd3 – named after Danny Kopec;[71]
L
- Lamb Defense of the Blackmar-Diemer Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.f3 Nc6 named after F. Lamb;[72]
- Larsen's Opening – 1.b3 – named after Bent Larsen;[73]
- Leko Gambit of the Anti-Grünfeld – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.f3 e5 – named after Peter Leko;[74]
- Leonhardt Variation of the Evans Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 Bxb4 5.c3 Ba5 6.d4 b5 – named after Paul Saladin Leonhardt;[75]
- Levenfish Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qb3 dxc4 6.Qxc4 0-0 7.e4 b6 – named after Grigory Levenfish;[76]
- Levenfish Attack in the Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.f4 – named after Grigory Levenfish;[77]
- Levitsky Attack – 1.d4 d5 2.Bg5 – named after Stepan Levitsky;
- Lisitsin Gambit of the Zukertort Opening – 1.Nf3 f5 2.e4 – named after Georgy Lisitsin;[78]
- Lolli Variation of the Two Knights Defense 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nxd5 6.d4 – named after Giambattista Lolli;[79]
- Lopez Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.c3 – another name for the MacLeod Attack – not to be confused with the Ruy Lopez;
- Lucena Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Be7 – named after Luis Ramirez de Lucena;[10]
- Lundin Defense – 1.d4 Nc6 – named after Erik Lundin;[80]
- Lutikov Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.f3 – named after Anatoly Lutikov;[39]
- Lutikov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.Bc2 – named after Anatoly Lutikov;[10]
M
- MacLeod Attack – 1.e4 e5 2.c3 – named after Nicholas MacLeod
- Makogonov System of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.h3 – named after Vladimir Makogonov;[81]
- Makogonov Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.e3 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.b4 – named after Vladimir Makogonov;[10]
- Maróczy Bind of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 g6 5.c4 – named after Géza Maróczy;[7]
- Marshall Attack of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d5 – named after Frank Marshall;[82]
- Marshall Defense to the Queen's Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nf6 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Marshall Gambit in the Semi-Slav Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.e4 dxe4 5.Nxe4 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Marshall Gambit of the Tarrasch Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.e4 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Marshall Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 d5 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Max Lange Attack of the Two Knights Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.0-0 Bc5 6.e5 – named after Max Lange;[15]
- McDonnell Gambit variation of the King's Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 g4 6.Nc3.[83] Named after Alexander McDonnell
- McCutcheon Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Bb4 – named after John Lindsay McCutcheon;[84]
- Mieses Opening – 1.d3 – named after Jacques Mieses;[15]
- Mikenas Variation of the Modern Benoni – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.f4 Bg7 8.e5 – named after Vladas Mikėnas;[85]
- Miles Variation of the Queen's Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.Bf4 – named after Tony Miles;[10]
- Moeller Attack of the Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.c3 Nf6 5.d4 cxd4 6.cxd4 Bb4+ 7.Nc3 Nxe4 8.0-0 Bxc3 9.d5 – named after Jorgen Moeller;[86]
- Monticelli Trap of the Bogo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Bb4+ 4.Bd2 Bxd2+ 5.Qxd2 b6 6.g3 Bb7 7.Bg2 0-0 8.Nc3 Ne4 9.Qc2 Nxc3 10.Ng5 – named after Mario Monticelli;
- Morozevich Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 Be7 – named after Alexander Morozevich;[87]
- Morozevich Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 5.a4 Bf5 6.Ne5 Ndb7 7.Nxc4 Qc7 8.g3 e5 9.dxe5 Nxe5 10.Bf4 Nfd7 11.Bg2 g5 – named after Alexander Morozevich[88]
- Morphy Defense to the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 – named after Paul Morphy;[10]
- Morphy Gambit of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nh3 – named after Paul Morphy;[89]
- Muzio Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 g4 5.0-0 gxf3 6.Qxf3 – named after Mutio[90] d'Alessandro, a third-rate Neapolitan player, following a mistranslation by Jacob Sarratt of Alessandro Salvio.[91]
N
- Nadanian Attack of the Queen's Pawn Opening – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 h6 3.c4 g5 – named after Ashot Nadanian;[92]
- Nadanian Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.Na4 – named after Ashot Nadanian;[93]
- Najdorf Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 – named after Miguel Najdorf;[94]
- Napoleon Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Qf3 – named after Napoleon Bonaparte;[95]
- Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 – named after Aron Nimzowitsch;[96]
- Nimzowitsch Defence – 1.e4 Nc6 – named after Aron Nimzowitsch;[97]
- Nimzowitsch Variation of the Sicilian Defense – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 – named after Aron Nimzowitsch;[28]
- Noteboom Variation of the Semi-Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.Nf3 dxc4 – named after Daniël Noteboom;[98]
O
- O'Kelly Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 a6 – named after Albéric O'Kelly de Galway;[99]
- Opocensky Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.e3 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Bd2 – named after Karel Opočenský;[39]
- Opocensky Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Be2 – named after Karel Opočenský;[100]
- Owen's Defense – 1.e4 b6 – named after John Owen;[15]
P
- Panov Attack of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 – named after Vasily Panov;[7]
- Parham Attack – 1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 – named after Bernard Parham;[101]
- Paulsen Attack of the Petrov's Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nc4 – named after Louis Paulsen;[7]
- Petrosian Variation of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be2 e5 7.d5 – named after Tigran Petrosian;[10]
- Petrosian Variation of the Queen's Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.a3 – named after Tigran Petrosian;[10]
- Perenyi Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Be3 a6 7.g4 e5 8.Nf5 g6 9.g5 – named after Bela Perenyi;[102]
- Petrov Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 – named after Alexander Petrov;[7]
- Philidor Countergambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 f5 – named after François-André Danican Philidor;[7]
- Philidor Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 – named after François-André Danican Philidor;[7]
- Pirc Defence – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 – named after Vasja Pirc;[7]
- Pollock's Defense to the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Na5 – named after William Pollock;[10]
- Polugaevsky Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Bg5 e6 7.f4 b5 – named after Lev Polugaevsky;[103]
- Ponziani Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 – named after Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani;[7]
- Popov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a5 – named after Bulgarian correspondence player Popov;[104]
- Prie Attack of the Queen's Pawn Opening – 1.d4 d5 2.a3 – named after Éric Prié;[105]
- Puc Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c6; – named after Stojan Puc;[106]
Q
- Quinteros Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Qc7 – named after Miguel Quinteros;[107]
R
- Ragozin Defence of the Queen's Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 Bb4 – named after Viacheslav Ragozin;[7]
- Réti Opening – 1.Nf3 – named after Richard Réti;[7]
- Rice Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 Nf6 6.Bc4 d5 7.exd5 Bd6 8.0-0 – named after Isaac Rice;[7]
- Richter-Veresov Attack – 1.d4 d5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Bg5 – named after Kurt Richter and Gavriil Veresov;[108]
- Richter-Rauzer Attack in the Sicilian Defense – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bg5 e6 7.Qd2 – named after Kurt Richter and Vsevolod Rauzer;[28]
- Riumin Variation of the Queen's Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.g3 Bb7 5.Bg2 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 Be7 named after Nikolai Riumin;[109]
- Robatsch Defence – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 – named after Karl Robatsch;[7]
- Rossolimo Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 – named after Nicolas Rossolimo;[110]
- Rousseau Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 f5 4.d3 – named after Eugène Rousseau;[111]
- Rubinstein Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Rubinstein Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe4 Ng4 4.Bf4 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Rubinstein Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Rubinstein Variation of the Four Knights Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nd4 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 – named after Ruy López de Segura;[7]
S
- Sämisch Variation of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f3 – named after Friedrich Sämisch;[13]
- Sämisch Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.a3 – named after Friedrich Sämisch;[112]
- Santasiere's Folly – 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. b4 – named after Anthony Santasiere;[113]
- Schallopp Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Nf6 – named after Emil Schallopp;[15]
- Schlechter-Rubinstein System of the Tarrasch Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.g3 – named after Carl Schlecter and Akiba Rubinstein;[10]
- Schlechter Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Bd3 – named after Carl Schlecter;[114]
- Schlechter Variation of the Grunfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.e3 c6 – named after Carl Schlecter;[115]
- Schlechter Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 g6 – named after Carl Schlecter;[115]
- Schlechter Gambit of the Bird's Opening – 1.f4 e5 2.fxe5 Nc6 – named after Carl Schlecter;
- Schliemann-Jaenisch Gambit of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 f5 – named after Carl Jaenisch and Adolf Karl Wilhelm Schliemann;[15]
- Semi-Tarrasch Defense of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c5 – named after Siegbert Tarrasch[116]
- Shabalov-Shirov Gambit of the Semi-Slav Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 e6 5.e3 Nbd7 6.Qc2 Bd6 7.g4 – named after Alexander Shabalov and Alexei Shirov[117]
- Short variation of the Caro-Kann Defence advance - 1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 Bf5 4. c3 e6 5. Be2 - named after Nigel Short
- Smith-Morra Gambit of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Nxc3 – named after Texas master Ken Smith and Morra;[118]
- Smyslov Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qb3 dxc4 6.Qxc4 0-0 7.e4 Bg4 – named after Vasily Smyslov;[119]
- Smyslov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 h6 – named after Vasily Smyslov;[120]
- Snyder Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.b3 – named after Robert Snyder;[121]
- Sokolsky Opening – 1.b4 – named after Alexey Sokolsky;[15]
- Soldatenkov Variation of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 Bc5 3.Nf3 d6 4.fxe5 – named after Vasily Soldatenkov;[122]
- Soltis Variation of the Yugoslav Attack – 1. e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6. Be3 Bg7 7.f3 0-0 8.Qd2 Nc6 9.Bc4 Bd7 10.0-0-0 Rc8 11.Bb3 Ne5 12.h4 h5 – named after Andrew Soltis.[123]
- Soultanbeieff Variation of Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 5.a4 e6 Victor Soultanbeieff;[124]
- Sozin–Fischer Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.Bc4 e6 7.Be3 Be7 8.Bb3 0-0 9.0-0 – named after Veniamin Sozin and Bobby Fischer;[125]
- Spielmann Variation of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.Nc3 d5 3.Qf3 – named after Rudolph Spielmann;[126]
- Stamma Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.h4; – named after Philipp Stamma;[127]
- Staunton Gambit of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.e4 – named after Howard Staunton;[7]
- Steinitz Defense of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 d6 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[128]
- Steinitz Gambit of the Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.f4 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[7]
- Steinitz Variation of the Petrov Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[129]
- Steinitz Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.g3 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[130]
- Steinitz Variation of the Scotch Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Qh4 5.Nc3 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[131]
- Sveshnikov Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5 – named after Evgeny Sveshnikov;[132]
- Szén Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6 5.Nb5 – named after József Szén;[133]
T
- Taimanov Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6 – named after Mark Taimanov;[134]
- Tarrasch Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 – named after Siegbert Tarrasch;[135]
- Tarrasch Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 – named after Siegbert Tarrasch;[136]
- Tennison Gambit – 1.Nf3 d5 2.e4 – named after Otto Tennison;[10]
- Torre Attack – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 e6 3.Bg5 – named after Carlos Torre;[137]
- Traxler Variation of the Two Knights Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 Bc5 – named after Karel Traxler;[138]
- Trompowsky Attack – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 – named after Octavio Trompowsky;[7]
U
- Ufimtsev Defence – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 – named after Anatoly Ufimtsev;[139]
- Uhlmann-Szabo System
- Urusov Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 Nf6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nf3 - named after the Russian Prince Sergey Urusov
V
- Van 't Kruijs Opening – 1.e3 – named after Maarten van 't Kruijs;[7]
- Velimirovic Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Bc4 Nc6 7.Be3 Be7 8.Qe2 – named after Dragoljub Velimirović;[140]
- Villemson Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.d4 – named after Martin Villemson;[141]
- Vinogradov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Qe7 – named after Vinogradov;[142]
- Vitolins Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Bb5+ – named after Alvis Vitolinš;[143]
W
- Wade Defence – 1.d4 d6 2.Nf3 Bg4 – named after Robert Wade;[144]
- Wagner Gambit of the Swiss Gambit – 1.f4 f5 2.e4 fxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.g4 – named after Alexander Wagner;[145]
- Ware Opening – 1.a4 – named after Preston Ware;[15]
- Ware defense – 1. e4 a5 – named after Preston Ware
- Winawer Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 – named after Simon Winawer;[146]
- Wolf Gambit of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Bb4 5.Nge2;
- Worrall Attack of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.Qe2 – named after Thomas Herbert Worrall;[147]
Z
- Zaitsev Gambit of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.h4 – named after Alexander Zaitsev;[148]
- Zaitsev Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Bb7 – named after Igor Zaitsev;[15]
- Zilbermints Gambit of the Englund Gambit – 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Nc6 3.Nf3 Nge7 – named after Lev Zilbermints;[149]
- Zvjaginsev Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Na3 – named after Vadim Zvjaginsev;[150]
References
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (2 ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–480, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
- "The chess games of Istvan Abonyi". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
- "Sicilian Defense: Najdorf Variation, Adams Attack (B90)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
- "Mark Taimanov vs Laszlo Szabo, Leningrad 1967, Budapest Defense: Adler Variation (A52)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
- "Chess Opening explorer: C20 Alapin's opening – 1. e4 e5 2. Ne2". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
- "Chess openings Sicilian, Alapin (B22)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
- Sunnucks, Anne (1970), Encyclopaedia of Chess, New York: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 978-0-7091-4697-1
- "ChessBase Magazine 132". ChessBase. Archived from the original on 2009-10-02. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "ECO C13".
- "ECO classification". World Correspondence Chess Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-04-19. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Adolf Anderssen vs Paul Morphy, Anderssen Opening: General (A00)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- New in Chess: Yearbook 42. New in Chess. 1997.
- Bologan, Victor (2009). A Complete Black Repertoire. Chess Stars. ISBN 978-954-8782-71-5.
- Bucker, Stefan. "Symmetry and Chaos: Balogh's Defense" (PDF). ChessCafe.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (second ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-866164-9
- "B00: Reversed Grob (Borg/Basman defence/macho Grob)". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- Benko, Pal (1974). The Benko Gambit. Batsford.
- Mednis, Edmar (1994). How Karpov Wins. Courier Dover Publications.
- "Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defense (C61)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Wilhelm Steinitz, The Modern Chess Instructor (1889, reprinted 1990), Edition Olms AG, Zürich, p. xii. ISBN 3-283-00111-1.
- "Morant vs Abbe de Feuquieres, Paris 1680, King's Gambit: Accepted. Bonsch-Osmolovsky Variation (C34)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Pedersen, Steffen (2000). The Botvinnik Semi-Slav. Gambit Publications. ISBN 978-1-901983-26-5.
- "Brief notes on the history of Chess 1900 1". Chess-Poster.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Ruy Lopez, Closed, Breyer (C95)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "King's Gambit: Accepted, Breyer Gambit (C33)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Reti Opening: Anglo-Slav Variation, Capablanca Variation (A12)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- CÂMARA, Hélder. Diagonais: crônicas de xadrez. São Paulo : Saraiva, 1996. ISBN 978-8502021167
- "B20: Sicilian defence". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Raetsky, Alexander; Chetverik, Maxim (2005). Petroff Defence. Everyman Chess. ISBN 1-85744-378-0.
- Urcan, Olimpiu (2007). Surviving Changi. E.E. Colman: A Chess Biography. Singapore Heritage Society. ISBN 978-981-05-7922-7.
- "King Pawn Game: Damiano Defense (C40)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- McDonald, Neil (2001). Concise Chess Openings. Everyman. ISBN 1-85744-297-0.
- "Ruy Lopez: Morphy Defense, Duras Variation (C77)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "King's Gambit: Accepted, Eisenberg Variation (C30)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Smith, Ken & Hall, John (1994). The Englund Gambit and the Blackburne-Hartlaub Gambit Complex. Chess Digest. ISBN 0-87568-242-1.
- Pinski, Jan (2005). Benko Gambit. Quality Chess. ISBN 91-975243-8-7.
- Gutman, Lev (2004). Budapest Fajarowicz: The Fajarowicz-Richter Gambit in Action. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-8708-9.
- Bobby Fischer, "A Bust to the King's Gambit", American Chess Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Summer 1961), pp. 3–9.
- Wall, Bill. "List of chess openings". Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Efim Bogoljubov vs Aron Nimzowitsch, English Opening: Anglo-Indian Defense. Flohr-Mikenas-Carls Variation". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
- Hooper 1992, p. 469.
- "D70-D99: Grünfeld: Three Knights (Flohr Attack)". Chess Archaeology. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Rizzitano, James (2005). How to Beat 1 d4. Gambit. p. 160. ISBN 1-904600-33-6.
- "Attacking the Spanish". New In Chess. Archived from the original on 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Yearbook 63". New In Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "SO Glek Variation 4.g3 – Yearbook Surveys". New In Chess. Archived from the original on 2016-02-23. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
- "King's Indian Defense: Gligoric – Taimanov Variation (E92)". chesstempo.com. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- "Neo-Grünfeld Defense: Goglidze Attack (D70)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Grivas, Efstratios (2005). Complete Guide to the Grivas Sicilian. Gambit Publications. ISBN 978-1-904600-36-7.
- Michael Basman (1991). The Killer Grob. Cadogan. ISBN 0-08-037131-0.
- "C40: Irregular King's Knight: Gunderam". Chess Archaeology. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Death of a chess original – Bukhuti Gurgenidze, 1933–2008". ChessBase. 2008-05-26. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Queen's Gambit Refused: Austrian Defense, Gusev Countergambit (D06)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Rizzitano, James (2006). How to Beat 1.d4. Gambit. ISBN 1-904600-33-6.
- "Frank Melville Teed vs Eugene Delmar, New York 1896, Dutch Defense: Hopton Attack (A80)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "A56: Benoni: Hromádka". Chess Archaeology. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Nimzo-Indian Defense: Huebner Variation, Main Line (E41)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Dutch, Ilyin-Genevsky Variation with Qc2 (A98)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Wall, Bill. "The Rice Gambit". Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- Lane, Gary (2008). The greatest ever chess tricks and traps. Everyman Chess. ISBN 978-1-85744-577-0.
- "Russian Game: Karklins-Martinovsky Variation (C42)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "RL Karpov Variation 9...Nd7". New in Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "B27: Sicilian, Katalimov variation". 365Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "King's Gambit: Declined, Keene Defense (C30)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Pritchett, Craig (2006). Sicilian Scheveningen. Everyman Chess. ISBN 978-1-85744-413-1.
- "ECO A00-A49 (anglais)". Fédération québécoise des échecs. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Ruy Lopez: Closed Variations, Kholmov Variation (C92)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Ruy Lopez, Open, Knorre variation (ECO: C80)". Chess-Ref.org. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "French, Winawer, Kondratiyev variation (ECO: C15)". Chess-Ref.org. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "The Gambiteers Guild: Spanish Gambits". Vikingskak.dk. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "FOXY OPENINGS - VOLUME 30 - Kopec Anti-Sicilian System". Archived from the original on 2016-01-06.
- "Blackmar-Diemer Gambit: Declined, Lamb Defense (D00)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "ECO A01: Nimzovich-Larsen attack". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "Vladimir Kramnik vs Peter Leko, Tilburg 1998, Indian Game: Anti-Grunfeld. Alekhine Variation Leko Gambit (E60)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Hooper 1992, p. 474.
- "D70-D99: Grünfeld: Russian (Levenfish)". Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "Sicilian, Dragon, Levenfish Variation (B71)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Gordon, Stephen W. (1994). The Lisitsin Gambit. The House of Staunton. ISBN 0875682502.
- "Italian Game: Two Knights Defense, Lolli Attack (C57)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "A40: Queen's pawn, Lundin (Kevitz-Mikenas) defence". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "King's Indian, Makagonov System (5.h3) (E71)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Winter, Edward. "The Marshall Gambit". Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- openings?exo=C37 "McdonnellGambit/" Check
|url=value (help). - "French, McCutcheon (C12)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Benoni Defense: Mikenas Variation (A66)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Paul Keres vs Sachsenmaier, Italian Game: Classical Variation. Greco Gambit Moeller-Therkatz Attack (C54)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "French Defense: Tarrasch Variation, Morozevich Variation (C03)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Boris Avrukh, The Classical Slav (2014), Quality Chess, p. 381, ISBN 978-1-907982-39-2.
- "French Defense: Morphy Gambit (C01)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- original spelling
- Harold James Ruthven Murray, A History of Chess, p826
- "SOS Articles". New In Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Ashot Nadanian – Yearbook Surveys". New In Chess. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Sicilian, Najdorf (B90)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Napoleon Bonaparte vs The Turk (Automaton), Schoenbrunn 1809, King Pawn Game: Napoleon Attack". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Hansen, Carsten (2002). The Nimzo-Indian: 4 e3. Gambit Publications Ltd. ISBN 1-901983-58-7.
- Harding, T. D. (1981). The Nimzowitsch defence : 1e4 Nc6. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-3597-9.
- "Semi-Slav Defense: Noteboom Variation (D31)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Sicilian, O'Kelly Variation (B28)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Sicilian, Najdorf, Opocensky Variation (B92)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "Bernard Parham: Creator of the Matrix System". Thechessdrum.net. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Lane, Gary. "Ideas Behind Modern Chess Openings: Black" (PDF). ChessCafe.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- Adams, Jimmy (1978). Sicilian Najdorf Polugaevsky Variation. The Chess Player. ISBN 0-906042-09-7.
- "SOS Vol. 9 Chapter 15: Ruy Lopez: the Popov Variation". New in Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Olthof, Rene, ed. (2006). Yearbook 78. New in Chess. p. 243.
- Litmanowicz, Władysław & Giżycki, Jerzy (1986, 1987). Szachy od A do Z. Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka Warszawa. ISBN 83-217-2481-7 (1. A-M), ISBN 83-217-2745-X (2. N-Z)
- "Sicilian Defense: Quinteros Variation (B27)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- Gufeld, Eduard; Stetsko, Oleg (2000). Richter-Veresov System: The Chameleon Chess Repertoire. Thinkers Pr Inc / Chessco. ISBN 978-0-938650-97-3.
- "Queen's Indian Defense: Riumin Variation (E16)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- "Sicilian, Rossolimo Variation (B31)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Tim McGrew (2002-07-01). "Giuoco Fortissimo: The Rousseau Gambit Part 1" (PDF). Chesscafe.com.
- "Nimzo-Indian, Samisch Variation (E27)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- Santasiere, Anthony (1973). Futuristic chess opening: Santasiere's folly, or, The opening with a future. Dallas, Tex: Chess Digest.
- "Carl Schlechter vs Géza Maróczy, French Defense: Schlechter Variation (C00)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "Schlechter Variation 4...g6 – Yearbook Surveys". New in Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- Colins, Sam (2005). Understanding the Chess Openings. Gambit Publications. ISBN 1-904600-28-X.
- Krasenkow, Michal (2009-03-03). "Shabalov-Shirov Gambit accepted". ChessBase. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
- Burgess, Graham (1994). Winning with the Smith-Morra Gambit. Batsford. ISBN 0-8050-3574-5.
- "Grunfeld Defense, Smyslov (D99)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Ruy Lopez, Closed, Smyslov Defense (C93)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "Sicilian Defense: Snyder Variation (B20)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- Hooper 1992, p. 476.
- "History of Opening Theory: Soltis Variation of the Dragon". Chess.com. 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- "Isaac Kashdan vs Victor Soultanbeieff, Olympiad 1933, Slav Defense: Soultanbeieff Variation". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "Sicilian, Fischer-Sozin Attack (B86)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- "ECO B00-B49 (anglais)". Fédération québécoise des échecs. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "King's Gambit Accepted, Pawn's gambit (Stamma gambit)". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "Ruy Lopez, Old Steinitz Defense (C62)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "Petrov, modern (Steinitz) attack". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "B20: Sicilian, Steinitz variation". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "C45 Scotch, Steinitz variation". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
- Aagaard, Jacob (2000). Easy Guide to the Sveshnikov Sicilian. Everyman Chess. ISBN 978-1-85744-280-9.
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1987). "Szén Variation". The Oxford Companion to Chess. Oxford University Press. p. 339. ISBN 0-19-281986-0.
- "Sicilian, Taimanov (Bastrikov) Variation (B47)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- de Firmian, Nick (2008). Modern Chess Openings (15 ed.). McKay. ISBN 978-0-8129-3682-7.
- Raymond, Keene (1984). French Defence: Tarrasch Variation. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-4577-0.
- Gufeld, Eduard; Stetsko, Oleg (1994). Winning With the Torre Attack. Henry Holt. ISBN 0-8050-3280-0.
- "The Traxler Counter Attack". ChessBase. 2004-06-13. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- "B07: Pirc, Ufimtsev-Pytel variation". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- Palliser, Richard. "The Velimirovic Attack". ChessPublishing.com. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- Hooper 1992, p. 477.
- "C60: Ruy Lopez, Vinogradov variation". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- "Sicilian Defense: Richter-Rauzer Variation, Vitolins Variation (B62)". Chess.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Jouni Yrjölä & Jussi Tella (2001). An Explosive Chess Opening Repertoire for Black. Gambit Publications Ltd. ISBN 1-901983-50-1.
- "Guide to Chess Gambits (Part 2)". Mark-weeks.com. 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- "French, Winawer (C18)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Marin, Mihail (2007). A Spanish Repertoire for Black. Quality Chess. ISBN 978-91-976005-0-7.
- Saba, Marco. "Scacchi: Enciclopedia pratica dei Gambetti". Studimonetari.org. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- Kaissiber 5, p. 35
- "Yearbook 78 – Products". New In Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
Bibliography
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
External links
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.