List of lands protected by Theodore Roosevelt through executive action

Below is a list of lands set aside as national parks, reserves, or other conservatories by President Theodore Roosevelt via executive order or proclamation. During his presidency, Roosevelt issued nearly 10 times more executive orders than his predecessor.[1] Many lands started out as preserves, but were expanded by later presidents and made into national forests.

TR's conservation policies

A cornerstone of his actions focused on the issue of Conservation,[1] and Roosevelt set aside more national parks and nature preserves than all of his predecessors combined.[2][3] At the time, Roosevelt's executive action was controversial,[4] and many of his actions were brought before a court.[5]

As early as 1892, in his book The Wilderness Hunter, Theodore Roosevelt was calling for the state to take command of wilderness lands.[6][7]

San Isabel National Forest
The sign for the western unit of Lewis and Clark National Forest on U.S. Route 2
A grove of Populus tremuloides in the Fish Lake National Forest
Huron National Wildlife Refuge
Brant goose nesting area at the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
Location Date Description Executive Order or Proclamation
ColoradoApril 11, 1902San Isabel Forest ReserveProclamation 467
ArizonaApril 11, 1902Santa Rita Forest ReserveProclamation 468
ArizonaApril 12, 1902San Francisco Mountains Forest ReserveProclamation 469
NebraskaApril 16, 1902Niobrara Forest ReserveProclamation 470
NebraskaApril 16, 1902Dismal River Forest ReserveProclamation 471
WyomingMay 22, 1902Yellowstone Forest Reserve and Teton Forest ReserveProclamation 473
ColoradoMay 22, 1902Medicine Bow Forest ReserveProclamation 474
WyomingMay 22, 1902Big Horn Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 475
WyomingJune 13, 1902Yellowstone Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 477
ColoradoJune 28, 1902White River Forest ReserveProclamation 479
ArizonaJuly 2, 1902Santa Catalina Forest ReserveProclamation 481
ArizonaJuly 22, 1902Mount Graham Forest ReserveProclamation 485
New MexicoJuly 26, 1902Lincoln Forest ReserveProclamation 486
ArizonaJuly 30, 1902Chiricahua Forest ReserveProclamation 487
MontanaAugust 16, 1902Little Belt Forest ReserveProclamation 489
MontanaAugust 16, 1902Madison Forest ReserveProclamation 490
AlaskaAugust 20, 1902Alexander Archipelago Forest ReserveProclamation 491
MontanaSeptember 4, 1902Absaroka Forest ReserveProclamation 493
Puerto RicoJanuary 17, 1903Loquillo Forest ReserveProclamation 495
WyomingJanuary 29, 1903Yellowstone National Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 496
UtahMay 29, 1903Manti Forest ReserveProclamation 499
UtahMay 29, 1903Logan Forest ReserveProclamation 500
MontanaJune 9, 1903Lewis and Clarke Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 501
UtahSeptember 5, 1903Pocatello Forest ReserveProclamation 505
UtahOctober 24, 1903Aquarius Forest ReserveProclamation 507
UtahNovember 5, 1903Payson Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 509
MontanaDecember 12, 1903Highwood Mountains Forest ReserveProclamation 511
CaliforniaDecember 22, 1903Santa Barbara Forest ReserveProclamation 512
OregonFebruary 5, 1904Baker City Forest ReserveProclamation 515
South DakotaMarch 5, 1904Cave Hills Forest ReserveProclamation 517
South DakotaMarch 5, 1904Slim Buttes Forest ReserveProclamation 518
UtahMay 2, 1904Fish Lake Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 522
Wyoming and MontanaMay 4, 1904Yellowstone National Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 524
UtahMay 7, 1904Grantsville Forest ReserveProclamation 525
UtahMay 26, 1904Salt Lake Forest ReserveProclamation 529
CaliforniaNovember 29, 1904Warner Mountains Forest ReserveProclamation 534
CaliforniaNovember 29, 1904Modoc Forest ReserveProclamation 535
ColoradoDecember 6, 1904South Platte Forest ReserveProclamation 536
Stump Lake, North DakotaMarch 9, 1905Stump Lake (North Dakota)E. O. 296-A
ArizonaMarch 20, 1905Pinal Mountains Forest ReserveProclamation 539
CaliforniaMarch 27, 1905Plumas Forest ReserveProclamation 540
CaliforniaApril 26, 1905Trinity Forest ReserveProclamation 543
CaliforniaMay 6, 1905Klamath Forest ReserveProclamation 544
OregonMay 6, 1905Wallowa Forest ReserveProclamation 546
ArizonaMay 6, 1905Grand Canyon Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 547
Oregon and WashingtonMay 12, 1905Wenaha Forest ReserveProclamation 548
ColoradoMay 12, 1905Leadville Forest ReserveProclamation 549
UtahMay 12, 1905Sevier Forest ReserveProclamation 550
OregonMay 12, 1905Chesnimnus Forest ReserveProclamation 551
MontanaMay 12, 1905Elkhorn Forest ReserveProclamation 552
ColoradoMay 12, 1905Gunnison Forest ReserveProclamation 553
ColoradoMay 12, 1905Pikes Peak Forest ReserveProclamation 554
IdahoMay 23, 1905Henrys Lake Forest ReserveProclamation 560
IdahoMay 25, 1905Weiser Forest ReserveProclamation 561
IdahoMay 29, 1905Sawtooth Forest ReserveProclamation 562
CaliforniaJune 2, 1905Lassen Peak Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 564
OregonJune 2, 1905Mauty Mountain Forest ReserveProclamation 565
IdahoJune 3, 1905Payette Forest ReserveProclamation 566
ColoradoJune 3, 1905San Juan Forest ReserveProclamation 567
ColoradoJune 12, 1905Park Range Forest ReserveProclamation 569
ColoradoJune 12, 1905San Isabel Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 570
ColoradoJune 12, 1905Wet Mountains Forest ReserveProclamation 572
IdahoJune 12, 1905Cassia Forest ReserveProclamation 573
ColoradoJune 13, 1905Cochetopa Forest ReserveProclamation 574
ColoradoJune 13, 1905Montezuma Forest ReserveProclamation 575
ColoradoJune 14, 1905Uncompahgre Forest ReserveProclamation 576
CaliforniaJuly 15, 1905Diamond Mountain Forest ReserveProclamation 579
New MexicoJuly 21, 1905Gila Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 582
UtahJuly 21, 1905Payson Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 583
South DakotaJuly 22, 1905Short Pine National ForestProclamation 584
KansasJuly 25, 1905Garden City Forest ReserveProclamation 585
CaliforniaJuly 25, 1905Sierra Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 586
ColoradoAugust 25, 1905Holy Cross Forest ReserveProclamation 592
UtahSeptember 25, 1905Dixie Forest ReserveProclamation 593
MontanaOctober 3, 1905Madison Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 594
MontanaOctober 3, 1905Big Belt Forest ReserveProclamation 595
CaliforniaOctober 3, 1905Shasta Forest ReserveProclamation 596
California and NevadaOctober 3, 1905Tahoe Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 597
ArizonaOctober 3, 1905Tonto Forest ReserveProclamation 598
MontanaOctober 3, 1905Hell Gate Forest ReserveProclamation 599
New MexicoOctober 3, 1905Lincoln Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 600
New MexicoOctober 3, 1905Portales Forest ReserveProclamation 601
MontanaOctober 3, 1905Little Belt Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 602
Anna Maria, FloridaOctober 10, 1905Passage Key National Wildlife Refuge357-B
Isle Royal, MichiganOctober 10, 1905Siskiwit Lake (Isle Royale)357-C
Marquette County, MichiganOctober 10, 1905Huron National Wildlife Refuge357-D
New MexicoOctober 12, 1905Jemez Forest ReserveProclamation 603
South DakotaOctober 31, 1905Black Hills Forest Reserve365-B
LouisianaNovember 11, 1905Breton Island Reservation369-A
CaliforniaNovember 11, 1905Yuba Forest ReserveProclamation 606
FloridaFebruary 10, 1906Indian Key Reservation409
ArizonaJune 30, 1906Black Mesa Forest Reserve (Expanded)Proclamation 606
LouisianaAugust 8, 1907Tern Islands Reservation675
LouisianaAugust 17, 1907Shell Keys Reservation682
OregonOctober 14, 1907Three Arch Rocks Reservation699
WashingtonOctober 23, 1907Flattery Rocks Reservation703
WashingtonOctober 23, 1907Copalis Rock Reservation704
WashingtonOctober 23, 1907Quillayute Needles Reservation705
LouisianaDecember 7, 1907East Timbalier Island Reservation718
FloridaFebruary 24, 1908Mosquito Inlet Reservation763
FloridaApril 6, 1908Tortugas Keys Reservation779
Idaho and UtahMay 26, 1908Pocatello National Forest (Expanded)801
UtahMay 26, 1908Cache National Forest802
OregonJune 13, 1908Whitman National Forest813
OregonJune 13, 1908Malheur National Forest814
OregonJune 13, 1908Umatilla National Forest815
OregonJune 13, 1908Deschutes National Forest816
OregonJune 13, 1908Fremont National Forest817
WashingtonJune 18, 1908Columbia National Forest820
WashingtonJune 18, 1908Chelan National Forest823
WashingtonJune 18, 1908Snoqualmie National Forest824
WashingtonJune 18, 1908Wenatchee National Forest825
UtahJune 18, 1908Neba National Forest827
MontanaJune 25, 1908Blackfeet National Forest834
MontanaJune 25, 1908Flathead National Forest835
ColoradoJune 25, 1908Routt National Forest837
ColoradoJune 25, 1908Hayden National Forest830
IdahoJune 26, 1908Challis National Forest840
IdahoJune 26, 1908Salmon National Forest841
IdahoJune 26, 1908Pend Oreille National Forest844
IdahoJune 26, 1908Kanikau National Forest845
CaliforniaJune 26, 1908Angeles National Forest846
CaliforniaJune 26, 1908San Luis National Forest847
New MexicoJune 26, 1908Carson National Forest848
WyomingJune 26, 1908Sundance National Forest850
IdahoJune 26, 1908Idaho National Forest855
IdahoJune 26, 1908Boise National Forest857
OregonJune 30, 1908Siuslaw National Forest860
WyomingJune 30, 1908Cheyenne National Forest861
OregonJune 30, 1908Cascade National Forest863
OregonJune 30, 1908Oregon National Forest864
Oregon and CaliforniaJune 13, 1908Cheyenne National Forest (Expanded)866
WyomingJuly 1, 1908Targhee National Forest871
WyomingJuly 1, 1908Teton National Forest872
WyomingJuly 1, 1908Wyoming National Forest873
WyomingJuly 1, 1908Bonneville National Forest874
MontanaJuly 1, 1908Absaroka National Forest875
MontanaJuly 1, 1908Beaverhead National Forest877
MontanaJuly 1, 1908Deerlodge National Forest880
ColoradoJuly 1, 1908Rio Grande National Forest887
ColoradoJuly 1, 1908Pike National Forest888
ColoradoJuly 1, 1908Arapaho National Forest893
ColoradoJuly 1, 1908Battlement National Forest894
WyomingJuly 1, 1908Shoshone National Forest895
MontanaJune 30, 1908Beartooth National Forest896
CaliforniaJuly 2, 1908Lassen National Forest906
CaliforniaJuly 2, 1908California National Forest907
FloridaAugust 8, 1908Key West Reservation923
OregonAugust 8, 1908Klamath Lake Reservation924
OregonAugust 18, 1908Lake Malheur Reservation929
North DakotaAugust 28, 1908Chase Lake Reservation932
FloridaSeptember 15, 1908Pine Island Reservation939
FloridaSeptember 26, 1908Palma Sola Reservation942
FloridaSeptember 26, 1908Matlacha Pass Reservation943
FloridaOctober 23, 1908Island Bay Reservation958
OregonOctober 26, 1908Loch Katrine Reservation961
HawaiiFebruary 3, 1909Hawaiian Islands Reservation1019
  • Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico
  • Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
February 25, 1909Seventeen Reservations1032
AlaskaFebruary 27, 1909Bering Sea Reservation1037
AlaskaFebruary 27, 1909Fire Island Reservation1038
AlaskaFebruary 27, 1909Tuxedni Reservation1039
AlaskaFebruary 27, 1909Saint Lazaria Reservation1040
AlaskaFebruary 27, 1909Yukon Delta Reservation1041
Puerto RicoFebruary 27, 1909Culebra Reservation1042
CaliforniaFebruary 27, 1909Farallon Reservation1043
AlaskaFebruary 27, 1909Pribilof Reservation1044
AlaskaMarch 3, 1909Bogoslof Reservation1049

References

  1. The Debate Over Executive Orders Began With Teddy Roosevelt’s Mad Passion for Conservation
  2. W. Todd Benson, President Theodore Roosevelt's Conservations Legacy (2003)
  3. Douglas Brinkley, The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (2010)
  4. Theodore Roosevelt, the making of a conservationist
  5. American Progressivism: A Reader
  6. People and Places of Nature and Culture, Intellect Books; University of Chicago Press
  7. The wilderness hunter, by Theodore Roosevelt. "We need, in the interest of the community at large, a rigid system of game laws rigidly enforced, and it is not only admissible, but one may almost say necessary, to establish, under the control of the State, great national forest reserves, which shall also be breeding grounds and nurseries for wild game"
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