List of loanwords in Sri Lankan Tamil

Loan words in Sri Lankan Tamil came about mostly due contact between colonial powers and the native population. Linguists study a language's lexicon for a number of reasons. Languages such as Tamil with centuries of literature and multi-cultural contact offer the chance to compare the various processes of lexical change. The words of foreign origin or loanwords illustrate those processes: calques, loanwords, the distinction between function words and content words.

Note: For information on the transcription used, see National Library at Calcutta romanization and Tamil script.

European contribution

Sri Lankan Tamil dialects are distinct from the Tamil dialects used in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and other states of India. They are used in Sri Lanka and in the Tamil diaspora. Linguistic borrowings from European colonizers such as the Portuguese, English and the Dutch have also contributed to a unique vocabulary that is distinct from the colloquial usage of Tamil in the Indian mainland. Furthermore, a form of Tamil spoken exclusively by Sri Lankan Moors has been strongly influenced by Arabic. Words that are peculiar to Sri Lankan Tamil dialects are marked with an asterisk (*).

Portuguese

Most Portuguese loan words are for items the native population lacked when the encounter happened c. 1505. Some are administrative terms, others are personal usage terms as well as items directly introduced from South America via the Portuguese traders. Most of these words are also shared with Sinhalese language users.

WordMeaningOriginal form
alumāricupboardarmário
annāsipineappleananás
alavanguiron leveralavanca
alupunethisafety pinalfinete
alugosuexecutioneralgoz
bailadancebaile or bailar
chuppusuckchupar or chupo
rothaiwheelroda
saveikeychave
jaṉṉalwindowjanela
kathiraichaircadeira
kajucashewcaju
kalusan*trouserscalção
kamicai*shirtcamisa
kaṭatāsi*papercarta
koiappalamguavagoiaba
kōppaidrinking glasscopo
kusini*kitchencozinha
mēcaitablemesa
pān*breadpão
pappāḷi/papā paḻampapayapapaia
pēnāpenpena (old type)
piṅkāṉ*platepalangana
pīppawooden cask, barrelpipa
sapāttushoesapato
selvamwoodsilva
thavaranaitaverntaverna
tācci*metal pantacho
tompu*titletombo
tuvāy*toweltoalha
vaṅkibenchbanco
veethuruglassvidro
verantaverandahvaranda
viskottubiscuitbiscoito

Dutch

WordMeaningOriginal form
kakkūsToiletkakhuis
kāmara* (rarely used)Roomkamer
kantōr*Officekantoor
ThapalPostTapal
kokkisCookieskoekjes
piaskōpu (rarely used)Cinemabioscoop
tē(ttaṇṇīr)*Teathee

English

Sri Lankan Tamil dialects use countless number of English words; following are some of the unique ones.

WordMeaningOriginal form
kōfii*Coffeecoffee
pattīx*A kind of fried potato snackpatties
blowsWorn with Sariblouse
rōlls*A kind of fried meat snackrolls
dokto*Doctordoctor

Civil conflict terminology

Black July induced civil conflict has introduced number of English and international words to the native population.

WordMeaningOriginal form
Claymore*Land or aerial mineClaymore
Heli*HelicopterHelicopter
Kafir*BomberKfir Bomber
Shell*Mortar or artillery shellsShell

Sinhalese

Loanwords from the neighbouring Indo-European Sinhala are quite sparse in Sri Lankan Tamil (as opposed to the large number of Tamil loan words in Sinhala), which is most likely due to the relative isolation of the exclusively Tamil-speaking settlements in the North and East of the island.

WordMeaningOriginal form
kirāma cēvakaṉ*Village Leadergrāma sēvakayā
(mālu) panis*(fish) buns(mālu) banis
mahattayā*Sir, mistermahattayā
piratēciya sapā*Councilpradeśiya sabhāva
sarvōtayam *Sarvodaya Shramadana Movementsarvōdaya
TuvakuGunTuvakuva
vitānayar*Village headmanvidāna (muhandirama)

Malay

There are also a few words from the Malay language. Malay words for edible fruits were introduced during the colonial period by traders . The same terminology is shared with Sinhalese.

WordMeaningOriginal form
maṅkostīn*Type of FruitMangosteen
ramputan*A type of fruitRambutan
rempa* (rarely used)Curry mixRempa
totol *A type of sweetmeatdodol
tūriyan*Type of FruitDurian

Arabic

The Arabic language contributes a large number of words into a dialect form of Tamil that is spoken exclusively by ethnic Sri Lankan Moors.

See also

References

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