List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones

An off-season Australian tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that existed in the Australian Region, between 90°E and 160°E, outside of the official season. The World Meteorological Organization currently defines the season as occurring between 1 November and 30 April, of the following year, which is when the majority of all tropical cyclones exist. During the off-season, systems are more likely to either develop during or persist until May, with approximately 52% of such storms occurring during that month. Occasionally, however, storms develop in October, with approximately 34% of such storms occurring during that month. As of 2020, there have been 90 tropical cyclones known to have occurred off-season.

Cyclone Billy–Lila near peak strength off the western coast of Australia on 10 May 1986

Off-season cyclones are most likely to occur in the Coral Sea, with most affecting land in some way. Cumulatively, at least 4 deaths occurred due to the storms, the most recent off-season storm was Mangga in May 2020.

Systems

The wind speeds listed are maximum ten-minute average sustained winds, while the pressure is the minimum barometric pressure, both of which are estimates taken from the archives of either Meteo France, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Fiji Meteorological Service, and New Zealand's MetService. If there are no known estimates of either the winds or pressure then the system is listed as "Not specified" under winds or pressure, if there is no known estimated winds or pressure. For deaths and damages "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the United States dollar of the year of the storm.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths Refs
Unnamed4 – 8 May 1898Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedN/AN/AN/A
Unnamed7 – 10 July 1904Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNew South WalesNoneNone[1]
Unnamed25 April – 2 May 1908Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedWestern Australia, TasmaniaNoneNone[2]
Unnamed27 April – 2 May 1908Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedIndonesiaNoneNone[3]
Unnamed11 – 16 July 1912Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueensland, New ZealandNoneNone[4]
Unnamed14 – 20 May 1919Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNew ZealandNoneNone[5]
Unnamed1 – 2 July 1921Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[6]
Unnamed20 – 28 July 1921Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueensland, New ZealandNoneNone[7]
Unnamed1 – 6 October 1921Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueensland, New ZealandNoneNone[8]
Unnamed1 – 7 June 1925Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[9]
Unnamed1 – 6 May 1926Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[10]
05U15 – 20 May 1926Not SpecifiedNot Specified999 hPa (29.50 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[11][12]
Unnamed1 – 4 June 1929Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[13]
09U13 – 17 June 1929Not SpecifiedNot Specified996 hPa (29.41 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
Unnamed1 – 4 July 1932Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[14]
Unnamed1 – 4 July 1934Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[15]
06U24 – 27 May 1935Not SpecifiedNot Specified1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11][16]
Unnamed30 August – 3 September 1935Not SpecifiedNot Specified999 hPa (29.50 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[17]
03U28 – 30 May 1941Not SpecifiedNot Specified999 hPa (29.50 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[11]
09U29 April – 1 May 1948Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[11]
01U26 – 28 October 1952Not SpecifiedNot Specified998 hPa (29.47 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11][18]
20U30 April – 1 May 1956Not SpecifiedNot Specified994 hPa (29.35 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
01U29 – 30 August 1956Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNoneNoneNone[11]
02U26 October – 1 November 1956Not SpecifiedNot Specified1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
32P4 – 15 June 1958Not SpecifiedNot Specified988 hPa (29.18 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
New Zealand		NoneNone[19]
18U4 – 12 June 1958Not SpecifiedNot Specified986 hPa (29.12 inHg)QueenslandNoneNone[20]
33P19 – 22 June 1958Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[21]
24P24 – 29 May 1960Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[22]
15U15 – 21 July 1960Not SpecifiedNot Specified995 hPa (29.38 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
49P3 – 9 May 1963Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedSolomon Islands, QueenslandNoneNone[23]
32U2 – 9 May 1963Not SpecifiedNot Specified1007 hPa (29.74 inHg)Solomon Islands, QueenslandNoneNone[11][24]
33U6 – 13 May 1963Not SpecifiedNot Specified1009 hPa (29.80 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
34U7 – 8 May 1963Not SpecifiedNot Specified1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)NoneNoneNone[11]
35U7 – 14 May 1963Not SpecifiedNot Specified1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
New Caledonia		NoneNone[11][25]
53P10 – 12 May 1963Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNew CaledoniaNoneNone[26]
37U22 – 25 June 1963Not SpecifiedNot Specified1,001 hPa (29.56 inHg)New CaledoniaNoneNone[11][27]
38U23 June – 4 July 1963Not SpecifiedNot Specified986 hPa (29.12 inHg)New CaledoniaNoneNone[11][28]
Esther26 April – 2 May 1969Not SpecifiedNot Specified992 hPa (29.29 inHg)Papua New GuineaNoneNone[29]
Lulu4 – 9 May 1970UnknownUnknown996 hPa (29.42 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone[30]
32P22 – 23 June 1970Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNoneNoneNone[31]
Hannah7 – 11 May 1972Category 3 severe tropical cyclone130 km/h (80 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea		NoneNone[32]
Ida30 May – 1 June 1972Category 2 tropical cyclone100 km/h (60 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia[33]
Marcelle29 April – 9 May 1973Category 3 severe tropical cyclone130 km/h (80 mph)973 hPa (28.73 inHg)South-Western AustraliaNoneNone[34]
02P8 – 14 July 1973Not SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone[35]
Marcia17 – 25 October 1974Category 2 tropical cyclone90 km/h (55 mph)988 hPa (29.18 inHg)Cocos IslandNoneNone[36]
Unnamed17 – 19 October 1974Tropical depressionUnknownUnknownNoneNoneNone[36]
Norah28 October – 4 November 1974Category 2 tropical cyclone100 km/h (60 mph)981 hPa (28.97 inHg)Christmas Island, Cocos IslandNoneNone[37]
Denise19 – 25 May 1975Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)992 hPa (29.29 inHg)Cocos IslandMinorNone[38]
Carol3 – 9 May 1976Category 2 tropical cyclone90 km/h (55 mph)990 hPa (29.30 inHg)NoneNoneNone[39]
Verna28 April – 3 May 1977Category 3 severe tropical cyclone125 km/h (80 mph)973 hPa (28.71 inHg)Northern TerritoryNoneNone[40]
Kevin2 – 12 May 1979Category 1 tropical cyclone70 km/h (45 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)NoneNoneNone[41][42]
Paddy25 – 30 May 1981Category 3 severe tropical cyclone130 km/h (80 mph)973 hPa (28.74 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone[43]
Alex19 – 27 October 1981Category 3 severe tropical cyclone150 km/h (90 mph)964 hPa (28.47 inHg)NoneNoneNone[44]
Claudia13 – 18 May 1982Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Solomon IslandsNoneNone[45][46]
Naomi21 April – 2 May 1983Category 3 severe tropical cyclone150 km/h (90 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)NoneNoneNone[47]
Oscar22 October – 1 November 1983Category 3 severe tropical cyclone140 km/h (85 mph)968 hPa (28.56 inHg)NoneNoneNone[48]
Billy –
Lila		5 – 12 May 1986Category 4 severe tropical cyclone170 km/h (105 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Western AustraliaNoneNone[49][50]
Meena1 – 10 May 1989Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Cape York PeninsulaNoneNone[51][52]
Ernie6 – 12 May 1989Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[53][54]
02S14 – 16 July 1989Tropical cycloneNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNoneNoneNone[55][56]
Lisa7 – 11 May 1991Category 2 tropical cyclone110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Solomon Islands, VanuatuNoneNone[57][58]
Adel13 – 15 May 1993Category 3 severe tropical cyclone120 km/h (75 mph)970 hPa (28.64 inHg)Papua New GuineaMinimal3[59][60]
Willy26 April – 1 May 1994Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (55 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Cocos IslandsNoneNone[61][62]
Unnamed30 April – 5 May 1996Tropical low85 km/h (55 mph)Not SpecifiedQueenslandNoneNone
Rhonda10 – 16 May 1997Category 4 severe tropical cyclone185 km/h (115 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Cocos Island, Western AustraliaNoneNone[63][64]
Lindsay9 – 13 July 1997Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[65][66]
Melanie –
Bellamine		28 October – 1 November 1997Category 2 tropical cyclone95 km/h (60 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[67][68]
Zelia7 – 10 October 1998Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[69][70]
26F20 – 27 May 1999Tropical depression75 km/h (45 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Queensland, New Zealand[71][72]
20F26 April – 2 May 2000Tropical depression95 km/h (60 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Queensland[73][74][75]
21F28 April – 2 May 2000Tropical depression65 km/h (40 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Queensland[73][74][75]
Alex –
Andre		26 – 31 October 2001Category 2 tropical cyclone100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)NoneNoneNone[76]
Errol8 – 14 May 2002Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)NoneNoneNone[77]
Upia21 – 29 May 2002Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Budelun IslandNoneNone[78]
Epi5 – 6 June 2003Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)993 hPa (29.32 inHg)Papua New GuineaNoneNone
Phoebe1 – 5 September 2004Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (55 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[79]
Pierre15 – 23 May 2007Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Papua New GuineaMinimalNone[11][80]
01U/01S26 July – 1 August 2007Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)992 hPa (29.29 inHg)NoneNoneNone[81][82]
Kirrily18 April – 1 May 2009Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)998 hPa (29.47 inHg)IndonesiaMinimalNone[83]
24U10 – 18 May 2009Tropical low35 km/h (25 mph)1009 hPa (29.80 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Anggrek28 October – 4 November 2010Tropical low75 km/h (45 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNoneNone[nb 1][84]
19S7 – 14 May 2012Tropical depression55 km/h (35 mph)996 hPa (29.41 inHg)Indonesia, East TimorNoneNone
21P27 – 30 June 2012Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)996 hPa (29.41 inHg)NoneN/ANone[85]
Zane27 April – 1 May 2013Category 2 tropical cyclone110 km/h (70 mph)983 hPa (29.03 inHg)Papua New Guinea, QueenslandNoneNone[11]
Quang27 April – 1 May 2015Category 4 severe tropical cyclone185 km/h (115 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Western AustraliaMinorNone[86]
Raquel28 June – 5 July 2015Category 1 tropical cyclone85 km/h (50 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Solomon IslandsSignificant1[87][88][89]
Frances21 April – 1 May 2017Category 3 severe tropical cyclone120 km/h (75 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
East Timor		NoneNone[90][91]
Greg29 April – 1 May 2017Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)997 hPa (29.44 inHg)Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNoneNone[92][93]
Lili4 – 11 May 2019Category 1 tropical cyclone75 km/h (45 mph)997 hPa (29.44 inHg)Eastern Indonesia, East Timor
Top End, Northern Kimberley		NoneNone
Ann9 May – 18 May 2019Category 2 tropical cyclone95 km/h (60 mph)993 hPa (29.32 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, QueenslandNoneNone
TD3 – 9 May 2020Tropical depression55 km/h (35 mph)1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Western Indonesia, Christmas Island, Cocos IslandsNoneNone
Mangga19 – 22 May 2020Category 1 tropical cyclone65 km/h (40 mph)995 hPa (29.38 inHg)Cocos IslandsNoneNone

Records and statistics

The charts below both show during which month a tropical cyclone developed during the off-season. The statistics for April are not complete and only show those systems that formed during the month and either dissipated on 30 April, or persisted into the off-season.

Notes
  1. Anggrek was declassified as a tropical cyclone during the post storm analysis by the BoM, as gale force winds never extended more than halfway around the system centre.[84]

See also

References
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  2. Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1908 MISSING (1908117S14124). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  3. Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1908 MISSING (1908119S05134). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  4. Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1913 Missing (1912194S18135). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  5. Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1919 MISSING (1919135S21155). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  6. Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1922 MISSING (1921182S24151). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
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