List of people with synesthesia

This is a list of notable people who have claimed to have the neurological condition synesthesia. Following that, there is a list of people who are often wrongly believed to have had synesthesia because they used it as a device in their art, poetry or music (referred to as pseudo-synesthetes).

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Estimates of prevalence of synesthesia have ranged widely, from 1 in 4 to 1 in 25,000 - 100,000. However, most studies have relied on synesthetes reporting themselves, introducing self-referral bias.[1]

Media outlets including Pitchfork have critically noted the considerable numbers of musical artists from the 2010s onwards claiming to be synesthetes, observing that "without literally testing every person who comes out in the press as a synesthete, it’s exceedingly difficult to tell who has it and who is lying through their teeth for cultural cachet" and that claims of experiencing synesthesia can be employed "as an express route to creative genius".[2]

Synesthetes
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Name Type Lifespan Country Profession Notes Source
Alessia Cara Multiple b. 1996  Canada Singer-songwriter [3][4]
Charli XCX Sound to color b. 1992  England Singer-songwriter[5] [6]
Jennifer Cook O'Toole Multiple b. 1975  United States Author [7]
Jack Coulter Sound to color b. 1994  Northern Ireland Artist [8][9]
Marina Diamandis Multiple b. 1985  Wales Singer-songwriter [10][11]
Patricia Lynne Duffy Unspecified b. 1952  United States Author Wrote Blue Cats and Chartreuse Kittens, the first book by a synesthete about synesthesia.

Co-founded the American Synesthesia Association.

 [12]
Billie Eilish Multiple b. 2001  United States Singer-songwriter [13]
Kanye West Multiple b. 1977  United States Rapper, singer-songwriter, record producer, fashion designer [14][15]
Eves Karydas Sound to color b. 1994  Australia Singer-songwriter [16][17]
Duke Ellington Sound to color 1899-1974  United States Composer, pianist, bandleader [18]
David Hockney Sound to color b. 1937  England Artist, stage designer, photographer [19]
Greg Jarvis Sound to shape 1944-1986  Canada Musician Founded the Canadian Synesthesia Association. [20][21][22]
Billy Joel Multiple b. 1949  United States Singer-songwriter, composer, pianist [23][24]
Ash Lieb Unspecified b. 1982  Australia Artist, author, comedian [25][26]
Bloem de Ligny Multiple b. 1978  Netherlands Singer [27][28]
Franz Liszt Sound to color 1811-1886  Hungary Composer, pianist [29][30][23]
Lorde Sound to color b. 1996  New Zealand Singer-songwriter[31] [32]
Ida Maria Sound to color b. 1984  Norway Singer-songwriter [33][34]
Marian McPartland Sound to color 1918-2013  England/ United States Jazz pianist [35]
Bea Miller Sound to color b. 1999  United States Singer-songwriter, actress [36]
Stephanie Morgenstern Multiple b. 1965  Canada Actress, filmmaker [37]
Finneas O'Connell Unspecified b. 1997  United States Musician, record producer, actor [14]
Frank Ocean Sound to color b. 1987  United States Singer-songwriter, producer, artist Released Channel Orange in 2012, an album themed around his own synesthesia [38]
Adil Omar Multiple b. 1991  Pakistan Singer-songwriter, record producer [39]
Andy Partridge Multiple b. 1953  England Singer-songwriter, musician [40][41]
Itzhak Perlman Sound to shape b. 1945  Israel/ United States Violinist, conductor, music teacher [24]
Osmo Tapio Räihälä Sound to shape b. 1964  Finland Composer [42]
Maggie Rogers Sound to color b. 1994  United States Singer-songwriter, record producer [43]
Jean Sibelius Unspecified 1865-1957  Finland Composer, violinist [23]
Carol Steen Multiple b. 1943  United States Artist Co-founded the American Synesthesia Association. [44][45]
Daniel Tammet Unspecified b. 1979  England Author [46]
Brendon Urie Multiple b. 1987  United States Singer [47][48]
Sabrina Vlaškalić Multiple 1989-2019  Serbia Classical guitarist [49]
Richard Wagner Sound to color 1813-1883  Germany Composer, theatre director, conductor [24]
Pharrell Williams Sound to color b. 1973  United States Singer, rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer [24][23]
Richard David James Unspecified b. 1971  Ireland Musician, record player, composer, remixer, DJ [50]

Pseudo-synesthetes

References
  1. Simner, Julia; Hubbard, Edward M., eds. (2013). "A brief history of synesthesia research". Oxford Handbook of Synesthesia. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 13–17. ISBN 978-0-19-960332-9. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  2. https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/229-what-the-hell-is-synesthesia-and-why-does-every-musician-seem-to-have-it
  3. "Alessia Cara Discusses Having Synesthesia".
  4. "Alessia Cara talks about her synaesthesia". PopBuzz. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  5. Savage, Mark (December 12, 2013). "Charli XCX: Pop, punk and synaesthesia".
  6. Savage, Mark (12 December 2013). "BBC News - Charli XCX: Pop, punk and synaesthesia". BBC News.
  7. Cook O'Toole, Jennifer (4 December 2018). Autism in Heels: The Untold Story of a Female Life on the Spectrum. ISBN 9781510732858.
  8. "Synesthesia artist Jack Coulter creates 'musical painting' of Glastonbury". 20 June 2016.
  9. McNamara, Brittney. "This Is What It's Like to Be Able to HEAR Color". Teen Vogue. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  10. "Trust Your Gut: An Interview With Marina and the Diamonds". Rookie. 25 February 2015.
  11. Lancaster, Brodie (2015-02-24). "Rookie » Trust Your Gut: An Interview With Marina and the Diamonds". www.rookiemag.com. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  12. Duffy, Patricia Lynne (2011-04-01). Blue Cats and Chartreuse Kittens: How Synesthetes Color Their Worlds. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9781429928274.
  13. Strick, Katie (2020-01-28). "Synaesthesia: a superpower I share with Billie Eilish". www.standard.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  14. "What the Hell Is Synesthesia and Why Does Every Musician Seem to Have It?". www.pitchfork.com. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
  15. Sblendorio, Peter. "SEE/HEAR IT: Kanye West sounds off on his synesthesia, the ability to see sounds, in latest rant on 'Ellen'". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  16. "Eves Karydas | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  17. "Interview: Eves Karydas (AUS) talks VANFEST, synaesthesia and working on her new album". The AU Review. 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  18. "Synesthesia Digital Library | Famous Synesthetes : Duke Ellington". sdl.granthazard.com. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  19. see Cytowic, Richard E. 2002. Synaesthesia: a Union of the Senses. Second edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  20. Everett-Green, Robert (Dec 3, 2010). "For Musician With Synaethesia, The Cello Can Sound Too Fury. Or Too Red". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  21. "Life with synesthesia: Toronto man who can see sounds shares his story". Archived 2015-12-08 at the Wayback Machine January 28th 2015, Metro – Toronto Edition.
  22. "For musician with synesthesia, the cello can sound too furry. Or too red". Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  23. MITCHELL, KEVIN J. (2018). Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17388-7. JSTOR j.ctvc77m71.
  24. Seaberg, Maureen. Tasting the Universe.
  25. Lieb, Ash. 2015. "Note: 10001". www.ashlieb.com. Retrieved 2019-12-14.
  26. "Ash Lieb". Ash Lieb. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  27. https://twitter.com/bloomdewilde/status/1154801323935584258
  28. "Login • Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  29. Cytowic, Richard E. (2009). Wednesday is indigo blue : discovering the brain of synesthesia. Eagleman, David. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-262-25483-0. OCLC 317116544.
  30. Liu, Annie (Yen-Ling) (2013). "Listening as Gazing: Synaesthesia and the Double Apotheosis in Franz Liszt's "Hunnenschlacht"". Studia Musicologica. 54 (4): 379–388. doi:10.1556/SMus.54.2013.4.4. ISSN 1788-6244. JSTOR 43289733.
  31. "Lorde explains exactly how synaesthesia works". NZ Herald. 12 May 2017.
  32. Times, Music (2015-10-17). "Lorde Talks Curly Hair, Synesthesia & Wanting to be a Comedian in Tumblr Chat". Music Times. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  33. "Ida Maria". The List. 2008-05-22. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  34. "Ida Maria: Seeing Red". NPR.org. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  35. Hasson, Claire. A Discussion Of Marian McPartland's Style Archived 2009-07-23 at the Wayback Machine in Marian McPartland: Jazz Pianist: An Overview of a Career
  36. Kelley, Caitlin (2017-10-10). "Takeover Tuesday: Bea Miller Paints Things 'Yellow' With Upbeat EP-Inspired Playlist". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  37. see Raskin, Richard. 2003. An interview with Stephanie Morgenstern and Mark Ellis on Remembrance. P.O.V., A Danish Journal of Film Studies; number 15 (March): 170-184.
  38. "On Frank Ocean, Channel Orange, and Taste Synesthesia".
  39. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1763348/4-need-talk-adil-omar/
  40. Montagna, John (10 February 2018). "A Prediction: "This Is Pop" Will Pull in New Fans for XTC". Culture Sonar. Retrieved 10 October 2020. We learn about [...] [Partridge's] own synesthesia.
  41. Sheppard, Amanda (22 May 2019). "Q: WHAT DO YOU CALL THAT NOISE? A: XTC!". Please Kill Me. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  42. http://www.sikorski.de/media/files/1/13/27/10031/sikorski_magazin_4_2015.pdf
  43. "Pharrell Williams Masterclass with Students at NYU Clive Davis Institute".
  44. Steen, C. (2001). "Visions Shared: A Firsthand Look into Synesthesia and Art" (PDF). Leonardo. MIT Press. 34 (3): 203–208. doi:10.1162/002409401750286949. S2CID 57570552.
  45. "American Synesthesia Association Official website". American Synesthesia Association. November 19, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  46. Tammet, Daniel. 2006. "Born on a Blue Day." London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.
  47. Spanos, Brittany (2016-01-15). "Panic! at the Disco: Band Is 'Outlet for Nonchalant Chaos'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  48. Spanos, Brittany (2016-01-15). "Panic! at the Disco: Band Is 'Outlet for Nonchalant Chaos'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  49. classicalguitarmagazine.com https://classicalguitarmagazine.com/sabrina-vlaskalics-early-struggles-give-way-to-new-confidence/. Retrieved 2019-12-20. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  50. "Synesthesia Digital Library | Famous Synesthetes : Richard D. James/Aphex Twin". sdl.granthazard.com. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  51. Dann, Kevin T. 1998. Bright Colors Falsely Seen: Synaesthesia and the Search for Transcendental Knowledge. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  52. B. M. Galeyev and I. L. Vanechkina (August 2001). "Was Scriabin a Synesthete?". Leonardo; Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 357 - 362.
  53. Scriabin, Alexander. 1995(1911). "Poem of Ecstasy" and "Prometheus: Poem of Fire". New York: Dover.
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