List of scientists in medieval Islamic world
This is a list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the Islamic Golden Age (i.e. from the 8th century to the 14th century).
Astronomers and astrologers
- Ibrahim al-Fazari (d. 777)
- Muhammad al-Fazari (d. 796 or 806)
- Al-Khwarizmi (d. 850)
- Sanad ibn Ali (d. 864)
- Al-Marwazi (d. 869)
- Al-Farghani (d. 870)
- Al-Mahani (d. 880)
- Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (d. 886)
- Dīnawarī (d. 896)
- Banū Mūsā (d. 9th century)
- Abu Sa'id Gorgani (d. 9th century)
- Ahmad Nahavandi (d. 9th century)
- Al-Nayrizi (d. 922)
- Al-Battani (d. 929)
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (d. 971)
- Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (d. 986)
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (d. 998)
- Abu Al-Fadl Harawi (d. 10th century)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (d. 1000)
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (d. 1000)
- Al-Majriti (d. 1007)
- Ibn Yunus (d. 1009)
- Kushyar ibn Labban (d. 1029)
- Abu Nasr Mansur (d. 1036)
- Abu l-Hasan 'Ali (d. 1037)
- Ibn Sina (d. 1037)
- Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1040)
- Al-Bīrūnī (d. 1048)
- Ali ibn Ridwan (d. 1061)
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (d. 1087)
- Omar Khayyám (d. 1131)
- Ibn Bajjah (d. 1138)
- Ibn Tufail (d. 1185)
- Ibn Rushd (d. 1198)
- Al-Khazini (d. 12th century)
- Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji (d. 1204)
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (d. 1213)
- Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi (d. 1266)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (d. 1274)
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 1310)
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (d. 1311)
- Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (d. 1346)
- Ibn al-Shatir (d. 1375)
- Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī (d. 1380)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī (d. 1429)
- Ulugh Beg (d. 1449)
- Ali Qushji (d. 1474)
Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists
- Ibn Sirin (654-728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[1]
- Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[2]
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (9th century), pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[3]
- Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi (850-934), pioneer of mental health, [4] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[5]
- Al-Farabi (872-950) (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[6]
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936-1013) (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[7]
- Ibn al-Haytham (965-1040) (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[8]
- Al-Biruni (973-1050), pioneer of reaction time[9]
- Avicenna (980-1037) (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry,[10] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[11]
- Ibn Zuhr (1094-1162) (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[7]
- Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[7]
- Ibn Tufail (1126-1198), pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[12]
Chemists and alchemists
- Khalid ibn Yazid (-85 AH/ 704) (Calid)
- Jafar al-Sadiq (702-765)
- Jābir ibn Hayyān (d. c. 806–816) (Geber, not to be confused with pseudo-Geber)
- Al-Khwārizmī (780-850), algebra, mathematics
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (810-887) (Armen Firman)
- Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus)
- Al-Majriti (fl. 1007-1008) (950–1007)
- Ibn Miskawayh (932-1030)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048)
- Avicenna (980-1037)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274)
- Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)
Economists and social scientists
- Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699-767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Abu Yusuf (731-798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Al-Saghani (-990), one of the earliest historians of science[13]
- Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[14] and father of Indology[15]
- Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980-1037), economist
- Ibn Miskawayh (1030-), economist
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058-1111), economist
- Al-Mawardi (1075-1158), economist
- Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201-1274), economist
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288), sociologist
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328), economist
- Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), forerunner of social sciences[16] such as demography,[17] cultural history,[18] historiography,[19] philosophy of history,[20] sociology[17][20] and economics[21][22]
- Al-Maqrizi (1364-1442), economist
Geographers and earth scientists
- Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[23]
- Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[24]
- al-Hamdani
- Ibn Al-Jazzar
- Al-Tamimi
- Al-Masihi
- Ali ibn Ridwan
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
- Ahmad ibn Fadlan
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy,[14][17] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[14]
- Avicenna
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
- Averroes
- Ibn al-Nafis
- Ibn Jubayr
- Ibn Battuta
- Ibn Khaldun
- Piri Reis
- Evliya Çelebi
Mathematicians
- Ali Qushji
- Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
- Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
- Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi), father of algebra[25] and algorithms[26]
- 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
- Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412-1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[27]
- Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
- Al-Mahani
- Ahmed ibn Yusuf
- Al-Majriti
- Al-Battani (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
- Al-Nayrizi
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
- Brethren of Purity
- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
- Al-Saghani
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
- Ibn Sahl
- Al-Sijzi
- Ibn Yunus
- Abu Nasr Mansur
- Kushyar ibn Labban
- Al-Karaji
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
- Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
- Al-Nasawi
- Al-Jayyani
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
- Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
- Omar Khayyám
- Al-Khazini
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
- Al-Marrakushi
- Al-Samawal
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
- Ibn Seena (Avicenna)
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq
- Ibn al-Banna'
- Ibn al-Shatir
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
- Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
- Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
- Ulugh Beg
- Al-Samawal al-Maghribi (1130-1180)
Philosophers
For a detailed list of Muslim philosophers, refer to the List of Muslim philosophers, this list only includes philosophers who were active in the medieval Islamic world.
Physicists and engineers
- Mimar Sinan (1489-1588), also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ
- Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
- Ibn Sahl, 10th century
- Ibn Yunus, 10th century
- Al-Karaji, 10th century
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[28] and experimental physics,[29] considered the "first scientist"[30]
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[31]
- Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
- Al-Khazini, 12th century
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes), 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
- Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer,
- Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
- Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
Notes
- Haque 2004, p. 375.
- Saoud 2004.
- Haque 2004, p. 361.
- Deuraseh & Abu Talib 2005.
- Haque 2004, p. 362.
- Haque 2004, p. 363.
- Martin-Araguz et al. 2002.
- Khaleefa 1999.
- Iqbal 1934.
- Safavi-Abbasi, Brasiliense & Workman 2007.
- Nasr & Leaman 1996.
- Russell 1994.
- Rosenthal 1950, p. 559.
- Ahmed 1984.
- Khan 2000.
- Ahmed 2002.
- Mowlana 2001.
- Abdalla 2007.
- Ahmed 1999.
- Akhtar 1997.
- Oweiss 1988.
- Boulakia 1971.
- "Mas'udi, al-". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006.
- Gari 2002.
- Gandz 1936.
- Nanisetti 2006.
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
- Al Deek 2004.
- Thiele 2005.
- Al-Khalili 2009.
- Rozhanskaya & Levinova 1996.
Ibrar Hasham of Mardan
See also
- List of Arab scientists and scholars
- List of Christian scientists and scholars of the medieval Islamic world
- List of Iranian scientists and scholars
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