List of state leaders in 1657
Africa
- Kingdom of Bamum – Ngouloure (1629–1672)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
- Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)
Asia
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Narai (1656–1688)
- China
- Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
- Southern Ming – Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
- Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
- Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Go-Sai (1655–1663)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
- Joseon (Korea) – Hyojong (1649–1659)
- Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1658)
Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
- Commonwealth of England – Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector (1653–1658)
- Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan – Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648–1687)
- Grand Vizier – Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1665–1661)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
- Monarch – Afonso VI (1656–1683)
- Regent – Luisa de Guzmán (1656–1662)
- Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
- Kingdom of Sweden – Charles X Gustav (1654–1660)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
- Tsardom of Russia – Alexis I (1645–1676)
- United Provinces –
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland – Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
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