List of tornado-related deaths at schools
These are all known tornadoes resulting in student deaths at primary and secondary schools in the United States from 1865 to 2015. For the deadliest tornado incidents, only fires/explosions and bombings have killed more students.[1]
List
| Date | Location (school) | Local time (touchdown) | Fatalities (school) | English Wikipedia article |
| 1820s | Fayetteville, Indiana[2] | ? | 1 | |
| June 28, 1865 | Viroqua, Wisconsin[3] | 4:00 p.m. | 9 | |
| May 23, 1878 | Mineral Point, Wisconsin[3] | 3:00 p.m. | 2 | |
| June 9, 1878 | Augusta, Georgia[3] | 3:00 p.m. | 3 | |
| February 19, 1884 | Goshen, Alabama[1] | 2:30 p.m. | 1 | Enigma Tornado Outbreak |
| May 11, 1886 | Kansas City, Missouri[4] | ?? | 15 | |
| May 2, 1887 | Wauseon, Ohio[1] | 12:35 p.m. | 1 | |
| June 14, 1888 | Lexington, Oregon[3] | ?? | 1 | |
| May 17, 1889 | Forestburg, Texas[1] | 4:00 p.m. | 2 | |
| June 20, 1890 | Paw Paw, Illinois[1] | 2:30 p.m. | 7 | |
| September 7, 1893 | Lockport, Louisiana[1] | 9:30 a.m. | 3 | |
| May 3, 1895 | Ireton - Hull, Iowa[1] | 2:30 p.m. | 7 | Hull, Iowa, Tornado Outbreak of 1895 |
| May 27, 1896 | Mexico - Bean, Missouri[1] | 3:15 p.m. | 4 | St. Louis-East St. Louis Tornado / May 1896 tornado outbreak sequence |
| March 22, 1897 | Arlington, Georgia[1] | 8:30 a.m. | 8 | |
| January 3, 1906 | Josie - Banks, Alabama[1] | 11:30 a.m. | 2 | |
| March 13, 1913 | Lawrenceburg, Tennessee[1] | 1:45 p.m. | 1 | Southeast Tornado Outbreak of March 1913 |
| January 4, 1917 | Vireton, Oklahoma[1] | 11:00 a.m. | 16 | |
| February 23, 1917 | Hollins, Alabama[1] | 3:30 p.m. | 2 | Southeast Tornado Outbreak of February 1917 |
| March 23, 1917 | New Albany, Indiana[1] | 3:08 p.m. | 5 | Mid-Mississippi Valley Tornado Outbreak of March 1917 |
| January 11, 1918 | Dothan - Cowarts, Alabama[1] | 1:40 p.m. | 8 | |
| November 4, 1922 | Holyoke, Colorado[1] | 9:30 a.m. | 1 | Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of November 1922 |
| April 27, 1923 | Johnson City, Kansas[1] | 12:15 p.m. | 1 | |
| April 30, 1924 | Horrell Hill, South Carolina[1] | 11:00 a.m. | 7 | Southeast Outbreak of April 1924 |
| March 18, 1925 | Missouri - Illinois - Indiana (nine schools)[1] | 1:01 p.m. | 69 | Tri-State Tornado |
| November 9, 1926 | La Plata, Maryland[1] | 2:35 p.m. | 14 | La Plata, Maryland, Tornado of November 1926 |
| April 19, 1927 | Carrollton, Illinois[1] | 11:45 a.m. | 1 | Southern Plains-Midwest Tornado Outbreak of April 1927 |
| May 9, 1927 | Poplar Bluff, Missouri[1] | 2:35 p.m. | 2 | 1927 St. Louis Tornado Outbreak |
| September 29, 1927 | St. Louis, Missouri[3] | 12:50 p.m. | 3 | 1927 St. Louis – East St. Louis tornado |
| December 7, 1927 | Tunnel Springs, Alabama[1] | 11:30 a.m. | 1 | |
| January 24, 1928 | Smithville, Tennessee[1] | 2:00 p.m. | 4 | |
| September 13, 1928 | Pender, Nebraska[1] | 3:40 p.m. | 3 | Upper Plains-Midwest Tornado Outbreak of September 1928 |
| January 18, 1929 | Maunie, Illinois[1] | 11:20 a.m. | 2 | Middle-Mississippi Valley Tornado Outbreak of January 1929 |
| March 22, 1929 | Merrellton, Alabama[1] | 11:00 a.m. | 5 | |
| April 24, 1929 | Slocum, Texas[1] | 12:20 p.m. | 1 | Plains, Midwest, and Southeast Tornado Outbreak of April 1929 |
| May 2, 1929 | Rye Cove, Virginia[1] | 12:25 p.m. | 13 | 1929 Rye Cove, Virginia tornado outbreak |
| November 19, 1930 | Bethany, Oklahoma[1] | 9:30 a.m. | 6 | Oklahoma-Kansas Tornado Outbreak of November 1930 |
| January 5, 1931 | Norlina, North Carolina[1] | 4:45 p.m. | 1 | |
| February 14, 1936 | McRae - Helena, Georgia[1] | 4:30 p.m. | 2 | |
| April 26, 1938 | Oshkosh, Nebraska[1] | 2:15 p.m. | 3 | Oshkosh, Nebraska, Tornado Outbreak |
| February 6, 1942 | Jasper County, Georgia[1] | 1:30 p.m. | 4 | Southeast Tornado Outbreak of February 1942 |
| March 16, 1942 | O'Tuckalofa, Mississippi[1] | 3:00 p.m. | 1 | March 1942 tornado outbreak |
| April 27, 1942 | Ortonville, Minnesota[1] | 3:05 p.m. | 2 | Pryor, Oklahoma, Tornado Outbreak |
| January 26, 1944 | Granite, Oklahoma[1] | 8:30 p.m. | 1 | January 1944 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak |
| March 6, 1944 | Horton, Alabama[1] | 3:00 p.m. | 1 | |
| April 12, 1945 | Muskogee, Oklahoma[1] | 4:50 p.m. | 3 | Southern Plains-Midwest Tornado Outbreak of April 1945 |
| December 31, 1947 | Village, Arkansas[1] | 7:35 p.m. | 1 | New Year's Eve Tornado Outbreak of 1947 |
| February 1, 1955 | Commerce Landing, Mississippi[1] | 2:20 p.m. | 23 | Commerce Landing, Mississippi, Tornado Outbreak |
| January 24, 1967 | Orrick, Missouri[1] | 12:40 p.m. | 2 | 1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak |
| April 21, 1967 | Belvidere, Illinois[1] | 3:50 p.m. | 13 | Belvidere - Oak Lawn tornado outbreak |
| May 4, 1978 | Clearwater, Florida[1] | 10:47 a.m. | 3 | Sarasota, Florida, Tornadoes |
| April 8, 1993 | Grand Isle, Louisiana[3] | 1:20 p.m. | 1 | |
| March 1, 2007 | Enterprise, Alabama[5] | 1:10 p.m. | 8 | February–March 2007 Tornado Outbreak |
| May 20, 2013 | Moore, Oklahoma[6] | 2:45 p.m. | 7 | 2013 Moore tornado |
- November 16, 1989; Newburgh, New York;[1] 12:05 p.m.; 9; Although officially listed as a tornado, it was all but certain a downburst, see November 1989 Tornado Outbreak
- August 28, 1990; Plainfield, Illinois;[1] 2:30 p.m.; 5; Five staff and faculty at two schools killed the day before classes were to begin, see 1990 Plainfield tornado
Discussion
From 1884 to 2007, there were 46 tornadoes with school fatalities in the United States. These tornadoes killed 286 (not including the 9 from the probable downburst in New York state). Tornado warnings began being issued in 1950 (and tornado watches in late 1952);[7] and there is a very sharp decrease in number of killer tornado events at schools after this time, as well as a large decrease in death tolls from tornadoes overall.[8] There were 40 tornadoes with deaths at schools (234 deaths) before 1953 and 6 events (52 deaths) after that year (not including the probable downburst in New York). Two high fatality events after 1953 occurred in Mississippi (23 in 1955) and Illinois (13 in 1967); accounting for 82% of 1952-2006 deaths, both from violent class tornadoes.
More tornadoes with deaths in schools have occurred in the Southeastern United States—23 events or over half the national total—than any other region. Four of the top ten death toll events occurred in the Southeast. Relatively few school fatality tornado events have occurred in the area with the highest frequency of strong tornadoes, the Great Plains (Tornado Alley); only a single event occurred after warnings began being issued. This is probably chiefly due to three reasons: the low population density, greater tornado awareness (and better visibility affording more warning), and the time of year and of day that most tornadoes strike the Great Plains.[9][10]
The state with the most tornado deaths throughout history is Illinois, with 90. The largest school death toll from a tornado was 69 during the Tri-State Tornado, which also struck Illinois and significantly raised that state's death toll. The greatest death toll at a single school also occurred during the Tri-State tornado, when it killed 33 at a school in De Soto, also in Illinois. This tornado also injured hundreds more at schools, and killed many students returning home from schools. Additionally, three of the top ten events by death toll, and four if separate schools of the same tornado are counted (33 in De Soto and 25 in Murphysboro again from the Tri-State Tornado), have occurred in Illinois.
The state with the highest number of tornadoes with deaths at schools is Alabama at 8 events. Illinois is second with 6 tornadoes. Missouri and Oklahoma are tied for third with 5 tornadoes. Fifth is Georgia with 3 tornadoes. Sixth are Texas, Tennessee, Indiana, Nebraska, Mississippi, and Arkansas, each with 2 events. One school fatality tornado event has occurred in Ohio, Louisiana, Iowa, Colorado, Kansas, South Carolina, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Minnesota, and Florida (the probable downburst in New York is not included).
See also
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References
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. pp. 139–40. ISBN 978-1-879362-03-1.
- History of Lawrence and Monroe Counties, Indiana: Their People, Industries, and Institutions. B.F. Bowen. 1914. pp. 100–101.
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (1997). Significant Tornadoes Update, 1992-1995. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. p. 1409. ISBN 978-1-879362-04-8.
- http://www.dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-nr/64501157.pdf National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form page=E-27
- Tornado Outbreak of March 1-2, 2007 (NWS)
- Jorgensen, David P.; Levitan, Marc L.; Phan, Long T.; Kuligowski, Erica D. (Dec 2013). Preliminary Reconnaissance of the May 20, 2013, Newcastle-Moore Tornado in Oklahoma. NIST Special Publication. 1164. doi:10.6028/NIST.sp.1164.
- Galway, Joseph G. (1975). "Relationship of Tornado Deaths to Severe Weather Watch Areas". Mon. Wea. Rev. 103 (8): 737–41. Bibcode:1975MWRv..103..737G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0737:ROTDTS>2.0.CO;2.
- Doswell, Charles A, III; A. R. Moller; H. E. Brooks (1999). "Storm Spotting and Public Awareness since the First Tornado Forecasts of 1948". Weather Forecast. 14 (4): 544–57. Bibcode:1999WtFor..14..544D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.583.5732. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1999)014<0544:SSAPAS>2.0.CO;2.
- Ashley, Walker S. (2007). "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Tornado Fatalities in the United States: 1880–2005". Weather Forecast. 22 (6): 1214–28. Bibcode:2007WtFor..22.1214A. doi:10.1175/2007WAF2007004.1.
- Kenny, Tim (2000). "Tornado Deaths by Census Region, 1680-1999". Stormtrack. 24 (1): 10.
External links
- Tornado Preparedness Tips for School Administrators (NOAA/SPC)
- The Ten Worst Tornado Related Disasters in Schools (Tornado Project)
- Troutman, Timothy W.; H. M. Allen; J. M. Coyne; D. Nadler (2008-01-20). "Updated Tornado Safety Preparedness for Schools". 17th Symposium on Education. New Orleans, LA: American Meteorological Society.
- Harris, Harold W.; Mehta, Kishor C.; McDonald, James R. (1993). "Design for Occupant Protection in Schools". In Church, Christopher C.; Burgess, D. W.; Doswell III, C. A.; Davies-Jones, R. (eds.). The Tornado: Its Structure, Dynamics, Prediction, and Hazards. Geophysical Monograph. 79. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. pp. 545–53. Bibcode:1993GMS....79..545H. doi:10.1029/GM079p0545. ISBN 978-0875900384.
- SPC Outlooks and the Traditional School Year (Patrick Marsh, SPC)
- U.S. Tornado Deaths by Physical Location (NOAA/SPC)
- NWS Storm Ready and Weather-Ready Nation programs
- NWS's Owlie Skywarn
- NWS Weather Preparedness Events Calendar (by state)