Locomotives of the London and North Western Railway

Locomotives of the London and North Western Railway. The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) Locomotive Department was headquartered at Crewe from 1862. The Crewe Works had been built in 1840–43 by the Grand Junction Railway.

Locomotives inherited from constituent companies

Bury 2-2-0 passenger engine for the London and Birmingham Railway
Bury 0-4-0 goods engine for the London and Birmingham Railway

The LNWR was formed in 1846 with the merger of the Grand Junction Railway, the London and Birmingham Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway.

The GJR and the Liverpool & Manchester Railway initially had their workshops at Edge Hill. The London & Birmingham workshops were at Wolverton. The Grand Junction built a new works at Crewe which opened in 1843, while the Manchester and Birmingham's works was at Longsight.

While the GJR and M&BR locos were mainly by Robert Stephenson and Sharp Brothers, the L&B's were mostly "Bury" types – indeed Edward Bury was its locomotive superintendent. On the GJR, breakages of the inside-cylinder engines' crank axles led to the redesign of several with outside cylinders under locomotive superintendent Francis Trevithick. These later became known as the "Old Crewe" types.

After the creation of the LNWR in 1846, Crewe and Wolverton became headquarters of the Northern and Southern Divisions respectively, with Longsight as the headquarters of the North Eastern Division.

In 1922 the LNWR merged with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway and the North London Railway to form a larger company still called the LNWR.

See:

Locomotives under the LNWR

The first Northern Division Locomotive Superintendent (at Crewe works) was Francis Trevithick, son of Richard Trevithick, who continued to build the basic 2-2-2 and 2-4-0 designs. Alexander Allan was Works Manager at Crewe from 1843 to 1853.

In 1857 the North Eastern Division locomotive department, with headquarters at Longsight, was absorbed into that of the Northern Division. Trevithick was dismissed and returned to Cornwall with an honorarium, and was replaced at Crewe by John Ramsbottom as Northern Division Superintendent. Ramsbottom began to standardise and modernise the locomotive stock, initially replacing the 2-4-0 goods engines with his "DX" 0-6-0, of which over 900 were built at Crewe from 1858 to 1872.

The first Southern Division Locomotive Superintendent was Edward Bury who had been in charge of the London and Birmingham Railway locomotive department at Wolverton since before that railway opened. He resigned in 1847 and later became General Manager of the Great Northern Railway. His successor at Wolverton was James McConnell who had previously worked for the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway at their Bromsgrove works. Among the classes built under his superintendence were the very successful 2-2-2 "Bloomers", developed from a Bury design, and the Wolverton Express Goods 0-6-0 class, built from 1854 to 1863. The Southern Division's trains were longer and heavier, and 0-6-0 locos had been introduced as early as 1845.

Bury, Curtis and Kennedy 0-4-2 locomotive. Six were built in 1847/8 for the LNWR (Southern Division) with 16 in. x 24 in. cylinders, 5 ft. driving wheels, and 3 ft. 4 in. trailing wheels.

There were distinct differences between the Southern and Northern Division locomotive policies. Wolverton had been set up in 1838 for repair work only, the locomotives being purchased from outside firms, whereas Crewe, from its foundation in 1843, was a locomotive-building works. Only a dozen locomotives were built at Wolverton from 1845 to the end of 1854, but in the following year construction started in earnest, and another 154 were completed in 1855–1863. The Southern Division engines were bigger, heavier and more expensive than those of the Northern Division, and after a disagreement with the cost-conscious Chairman, Richard Moon, in 1862 McConnell was obliged to resign. The Southern and Northern locomotive departments were amalgamated, and John Ramsbottom became Locomotive Superintendent of the entire LNWR, his headquarters remaining at Crewe. Locomotive building and repairing were gradually run down at Wolverton, which became the LNWR's carriage works in 1865.

All LNWR locomotives were painted black from 1873; for many years the goods engines were plain black, but passenger engines were given red, white and blue-grey lining, and most goods engines were similarly lined from the 1890s. Before 1873 locomotives had been green with black lines, and this seems to have been the normal livery from London & Birmingham and Grand Junction times.

In the 1850s on the Southern Division, McConnell had some of his express engines painted green with more elaborate patterns of lining in various colours, and in 1861–62 a few Southern Division engines were painted a very dark plum-red. The widespread belief that McConnell's engines were painted vermilion is incorrect, despite its constant repetition.

John Ramsbottom (1857–1871)

ImageClassTypeQuantityManufacturerDateLMS
Classification
LMS
Numbers
Notes
No.173 Cornwall2-2-21Crewe Works1847–1858Rebuilt as 2-2-2 (1858)
2710-6-07Sharp, Stewart & Co.1857[1]
DX0-6-0943 (including 86 for the L&YR)Crewe Works1858–72[2] 500 later rebuilt as 'Special DX'
D0-6-01Longsight Works1859[3]
Ostrich0-6-02Beyer, Peacock & Co.1859[3]
Problem2-2-260Crewe Works1859–65[4] Also called Lady of the Lake class
Crewe Works Tramway0-4-0T7Crewe Works1862–1875[5][6] 18-inch gauge. Named Tiny, Pet, Nipper, Topsy, Midge, Dickie, and Billie.
Wolverton Express Goods0-6-010Wolverton Works1863[7] McConnell design, last to be built at Wolverton
4ft Shunter0-4-0ST36Crewe Works1863–707206-7210[8] 835
Samson2-4-090Crewe Works1863–79[9]
Newton2-4-096Crewe Works1866–73[10] All 'renewed' as "Renewed Precedent" class
Special Tank0-6-0ST260Crewe Works1870–801F7220–7457[11]
Metropolitan Tank4-4-0T16Beyer, Peacock & Co.1871–72[12] Built by Beyer-Peacock. Same design as used by Metropolitan. 10 rebuilt as 4-4-2T and one as compound (see below)

Francis Webb (1871–1903)

ImageClassTypeQuantityManufacturerDateLMS
Classification
LMS
Numbers
Notes
B2-2-0ST1Edward Bury & Co.
Crewe Works
1835–76[13] Worked C&HPR from 1835–1873; Crewe Works until scrapped May 1876
12010-4-0ST10Crewe Works18727211–7212[14]
17in Coal Engine0-6-0499Crewe Works1873–922F8088-8314[15] 45 rebuilt as pannier-tanks (see below)
Precursor2-4-040Crewe Works1874–79[16]
Precedent2-4-070Crewe Works1875–825000-5003[17] 62 'renewed' and 8 rebuilt as "Renewed Precedent" class
22342-4-0T50Crewe Works1876–801P6420–6434[18] nicknamed "Chopper Tanks"
4′ 6″ Tank2-4-2T220Crewe Works1879–981P6515–6600[19]
18in Goods0-6-0310Crewe Works1880–19022F8315–8624[20] Nicknamed "Cauliflowers"
23600-4-0WT10Crewe Works1880–827200–7205[21] Double-ended, oil-fired dock shunters; 4 engines used as service stock
Coal Tank0-6-2T300Crewe Works1881–971F7550–7841[22]
Special DX0-6-0500Crewe Works1881–98?8000–8087[2] Rebuilds of DX
Experiment2-2-2-030Crewe Works1882–84[23] 3-cylinder Compound
No.20624-2-2-01Crewe Works1884[24] 3-cylinder Compound rebuild of Metropolitan tank
Dreadnought2-2-2-040Crewe Works1884–88[25] 3-cylinder Compound
No.6872-2-2-2T1Crewe Works1885[26] 3-cylinder Compound "Fore-and-Aft"
No.6002-2-2-2T1Crewe Works1887[26] 3-cylinder Compound
No.7772-2-4-0T1Crewe Works1887[26] 3-cylinder Compound
Renewed Precedent2-4-0158Crewe Works1887–19011P5004–5079[27] Nominal renewals of 96 Newtons & 80 Precedents
Teutonic2-2-2-010Crewe Works1889–90[28] 3-cylinder Compound
Waterloo2-4-090Crewe Works1889–961P5080–5109[29] Also known as Whitworth Class
5′ 6″ Tank2-4-2T160Crewe Works1890–971P6601–6757[30]
12010-4-0ST10Crewe Works18927213–7216[14] 3 rebuilt as 0-4-2T Crane Tanks
Metropolitan Tank4-4-2T10Crewe Works1892[12] Rebuilds of Metropolitan 4-4-0T above
No.25240-8-01Crewe Works1892[31] Basis of "C" class, later rebuilt as D, then G1.
Greater Britain2-2-2-210Crewe Works1892–94[28] 3-cylinder Compound
A0-8-0111Crewe Works1893–1900[32][33] 3-cylinder Compound, all rebuilt as C (15), C1 (34) or D (62)
8350-4-2WT5Crewe Works1894[34] Crane Tank
John Hick2-2-2-210Crewe Works1894–98[35] 3-cylinder Compound
3170-4-2ST20Crewe Works1896–19011P6400-6419[36][37] also known as "Dock Tank" or "Bissel Tank"
Iron Duke4-4-01Crewe Works1897[38] Initially 4-cylinder simple, converted to Compound, then to "Renown"
Black Prince4-4-01Crewe Works1897[38] 4-cylinder Compound, rebuilt as "Renown"
18in Tank0-6-2T80Crewe Works1898–19021P6860-6936[39]
Jubilee4-4-040Crewe Works1897–19002P5110-5117[40] 4-cylinder Compound, all but 3 rebuilt as "Renown"s
Alfred the Great4-4-040Crewe Works1901–032P5118-5130[41] 4-cylinder Compound, 33 rebuilt as 'Renown'
B0-8-0170Crewe Works1901–043F8900-8952[42][43] 4-cylinder Compound, most rebuilt as E (26), F (10), G (32) or G1 (91)
14004-6-030Crewe Works1903–05[44] 4-cylinder Compound, nicknamed "Bill Baileys", all scrapped before grouping

George Whale (1903–1909)

ImageClassTypeQuantityManufacturerDateLMS
Classification
LMS
Numbers
Notes
C0-8-015Crewe Works1904–064F8953–8967[45] Simple rebuilds of Class A, 5 rebuilt as G1
E2-8-026Crewe Works1904–073F9600–9609[46] Rebuilds of Class B, small boiler, 2 rebuilt as F, 18 as G1.
F2-8-012Crewe Works1904–073F9610–9615[47] Rebuilds of Class B (10) and E (2), large boiler. 10 later rebuilt as G1
Precursor4-4-0130Crewe Works1904–072P/3P5187–5319[48] Many later equipped with superheaters
Square Saddle Tank0-6-0PT45Crewe Works1905–071F7458–7502Rebuilds of Coal (tender) engines
Experiment4-6-0105Crewe Works1905–103P5450–5554[49]
D0-8-063Crewe Works1906–094F9002–9064[50] Simple rebuilds of Class A and no.2524. All later rebuilt as G1
Precursor Tank4-4-2T50Crewe Works1906–092P6780–6829[51]
19in Goods4-6-0170Crewe Works1906–094F8700–8869[52]
Renown4-4-070Crewe Works1908–242P5131–5186Simple rebuilds of 'Jubilee' & 'Alfred the Great' classes
C10-8-034Crewe Works19093F8968–9001[53] Simple rebuilds of Class A

Charles John Bowen Cooke (1909–1920)

With a reasonably comprehensive fleet, Bowen Cooke arranged exchanges with other railways in 1909 and 1910 to assess the scope for improvements, among which was superheating.

ImageClassTypeQuantityManufacturerDateLMS
Classification
LMS
Numbers
Notes
George the Fifth4-4-090Crewe Works1910–153P5320–5409[54] Superheated, 80 original, 10 conversions of 'Queen Mary's
Queen Mary4-4-010Crewe Works1910[55] All later converted to George the Fifth class
G0-8-092Crewe Works19104F9065–9153[56] 60 new, 32 rebuilds of B. All rebuilt as G1
26654-6-2T47Crewe Works1910–163P6950–6996[57] 12 built saturated, later had superheaters added, remainder began superheated. Nicknamed ‘Prince of Wales Tank’
Prince of Wales4-6-0246Crewe Works (135)
North British Loco (20)
Wm Beardmore & Co. (91)
1911–243P5600–5845[58] Superheated
11850-8-2T30Crewe Works1911–174F7870–7899[59]
G10-8-0449Crewe Works1912–186F9154–9394[60] Superheated, boiler 160psi. 170 new, rest rebuilds of B (91), C (5), D (63), E (18), F (10), G (92)
Claughton4-6-0130Crewe Works1913–215P5900–6029[61] Superheated, 42 later 'renewed' as Patriots by LMS
MM2-8-030R. Stephenson & Co. (2)
North British Loco (28)
19197F9616–9645[62] Robinson ROD type. Bought from the government. Another 151 on hire, but returned.

H. P. M. Beames (1920–1922)

ImageClassTypeQuantityManufacturerDateLMS
Classification
LMS
Numbers
Notes
G20-8-060Crewe Works1921–227F9395–9454[63] Superheated, boiler 175 psi. All new engines
3800-8-4T30Crewe Works1923–245F7930–7959[64] Superheated

George Hughes (1922)

In 1922 the LNWR merged with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) to form a larger company still called the LNWR. George Hughes, formerly CME of the L&YR became CME of the LNWR. A year later the large company was grouped into the LMS and Hughes became CME of the LMS.

Locomotives of the North London Railway

No. 2649 Adams
4-4-0T (inside cylinders)
No. 2821 Adams
4-4-0T (outside cylinders)

In the early days, locomotives were bought from outside builders but, from 1863, they were built in the North London Railway's workshops at Bow, London.

William Adams (1854–1873)

  • 4-4-0T (16" inside cylinders) built 1863-1865
  • 4-4-0T (17" inside cylinders) built 1865-1869
  • 4-4-0T (17" outside cylinders) built 1868-1876
  • 4-4-0T (17½" outside cylinders) built 1876-?

John C. Park (1873–1893)

Influence on LMS policy

Crewe's influence on the locomotives of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway was less than that of its great rival the Midland Railway. However, the LMS did produce an unsuccessful "Midlandised" version of the G class 0-8-0s, see LMS Class 7F 0-8-0.

Preservation

Preserved L&NWR locomotives are:

ImageLNWR
No.
LNWR
class
TypeManufacturerSerial
No.
DateNotes
1160-4-2Todd, Kitson and Laird1838ex Liverpool and Manchester Railway 57 Lion; static display, Museum of Liverpool
18682-2-2Crewe Works1845ex Grand Junction Railway 49 Columbine; static exhibit (no tender); National Collection, Science Museum, London (tender in storage at Wroughton, Wiltshire)
3020
Cornwall
2-2-2Crewe Works1847Static exhibit; National Collection, Shildon
PetCrewe
Works
Tramway
0-4-0STCrewe Works186518-inch gauge; static exhibit; National Collection, York
14398350-4-0STCrewe Works8421865Renumbered 1985 in 1885 and 3042 in 1891, sold to industry. To Staffordshire County Museum
1054Coal
Tank
0-6-2TCrewe Works29791888LMS 7799, BR 57926;
790
Hardwicke
Renewed
Precedent
2-4-0Crewe Works32861892LMS 5031; static exhibit; National Collection, Shildon
485G20-8-0Crewe Works56621921LMS 9395
2650NLR Class 750-6-0TBow Works1811880ex North London Railway 116, née 76; acquired 1909. Became LMS 7505, 27505 from 1934; BR 58850. Awaiting overhaul at Bluebell Railway

A full-size working replica of an LNWR Bloomer Class locomotive was begun at Tyseley in 1986, was 90% completed by 1990, but has never been finished (2020).

Another full-size replica of the same type (but non-working) was built in Milton Keynes, and was exhibited outside the station there from 1991; it is now (2018) in Milton Keynes Museum.

A miniature one-sixth scale locomotive 'Orion' was built by G R S Darroch during his time at Crewe Works. It is based on the LNWR Alfred the Great Class and is the only surviving Crewe built Webb Compound. (Completed circa 1910-12) The locomotive is in the ownership of the Stephenson Locomotive Society and currently based at Shildon Locomotion Museum.

Preserved L&YR locomotives can be found on its own page.

References

  1. Baxter 1978, pp. 123–124.
  2. Baxter 1978, pp. 124–157.
  3. Baxter 1978, p. 124.
  4. Baxter 1978, pp. 116–118.
  5. Baxter 1978, pp. 177.
  6. Baxter 1979, pp. 185.
  7. Baxter 1978, pp. 157–158.
  8. Baxter 1978, pp. 122–123.
  9. Baxter 1978, pp. 118–120.
  10. Baxter 1978, pp. 120–122.
  11. Baxter 1978, pp. 158–177.
  12. Baxter 1979, pp. 201–202.
  13. Palmer, John (7 May 2006). "The second CHPR loco, 1835-1876". WIRKSWORTH Parish Records 1600-1900. John Palmer. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  14. Baxter 1979, pp. 203–204.
  15. Baxter 1979, pp. 214–232.
  16. Baxter 1979, pp. 185–186.
  17. Baxter 1979, pp. 186–187.
  18. Baxter 1979, pp. 204–205.
  19. Baxter 1979, pp. 205–210.
  20. Baxter 1979, pp. 232–239.
  21. Baxter 1979, p. 204.
  22. Baxter 1979, pp. 240–247.
  23. Baxter 1979, p. 194.
  24. Baxter 1979, p. 202.
  25. Baxter 1979, pp. 194–195.
  26. Baxter 1979, p. 210.
  27. Baxter 1979, pp. 188–191.
  28. Baxter 1979, p. 196.
  29. Baxter 1979, pp. 191–193.
  30. Baxter 1979, pp. 210–213.
  31. Baxter 1979, p. 250.
  32. Baxter 1979, pp. 250–254.
  33. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco10.php
  34. Baxter 1979, pp. 213–214.
  35. Baxter 1979, pp. 196–197.
  36. Baxter 1979, p. 214.
  37. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco08.php
  38. Baxter 1979, p. 197.
  39. Baxter 1979, pp. 247–249.
  40. Baxter 1979, pp. 197–199.
  41. Baxter 1979, pp. 199–201.
  42. Baxter 1979, pp. 254–202.
  43. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco11.php
  44. Baxter 1979, pp. 239–240.
  45. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco12.php
  46. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco14.php
  47. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco15.php
  48. Baxter 1979, pp. 260–264.
  49. Baxter 1979, pp. 265–268.
  50. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco13.php
  51. Baxter 1979, pp. 264–265.
  52. Baxter 1979, pp. 268–271.
  53. http://www.lnwrs.org.uk/GoodsLocos/Loco12.php
  54. Baxter 1979, pp. 272–275.
  55. Baxter 1979, p. 275.
  56. Baxter 1979, pp. 292–294.
  57. Baxter 1979, pp. 290–291.
  58. Baxter 1979, pp. 275–285.
  59. Baxter 1979, pp. 301–302.
  60. Baxter 1979, pp. 294–298.
  61. Baxter 1979, pp. 285–290.
  62. Baxter 1979, pp. 299–301.
  63. Baxter 1979, pp. 298–299.
  64. Baxter 1979, pp. 302–303.
  • Baxter, Bertram (1978). Baxter, David (ed.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 2A: London and North Western Railway and its constituent companies. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company. ISBN 0-903485-51-6.
  • Baxter, Bertram (1979). Baxter, David (ed.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 2B: London and North Western Railway and its constituent companies. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company. ISBN 0-903485-84-2.
  • Reed, M. C. (1996). The London & North Western Railway. Atlantic Transport Publishers.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Talbot, Edward (1985). An Illustrated History of LNWR Engines. Oxford Publishing Company.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Yeadon, W. B. A Compendium of LNWR Locomotives 1912–1949, Volume 1: Passenger Tender Engines.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Yeadon, W. B. A Compendium of LNWR Locomotives 1912–1949, Volume 2: Goods Tender Engines.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Jack, Harry (2001). Locomotives of the LNWR Southern Division. ISBN 0-901115-89-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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