Luis A. Eguiguren

Luis Antonio Eguiguren Escudero (July 21, 1887 in Piura – August 15, 1967 in Lima) was a Peruvian educator, magistrate, historian and politician. He was the director of the General Archive (File) of the Nation (1914), Alderman of Lima (1914–1920), Mayor of Lima (1930), President of the Constituent Congress (1930–1932), founder and leader of the Peruvian Social Democratic Party. He won the Peruvian presidential election of 1936, but his victory was ignored by the Congress and the then-President Oscar R. Benavides, who claimed that he had won with votes of the APRA. He presided over the Supreme Court and the Judiciary in 1953 and 1954.

Luis A. Eguiguren Escudero
President of the Supreme Court of Justice
In office
1953–1954
Preceded byRaúl Noriega
Succeeded byRaúl Pinto
President of the Constituent Congress[1]
In office
July 28, 1931 – July 28, 1932
Preceded byRoberto Leguía (President of the Senate)
Succeeded byClemente Revilla
Member of the Constituent Congress
In office
July 28, 1931 – July 28, 1932
Mayor of Lima
In office
January 1, 1930 – January 1, 1931
City Councilman of Lima
In office
January 1, 1914 – January 1, 1920
Personal details
Born(1887-07-21)July 21, 1887
Piura
DiedAugust 15, 1967(1967-08-15) (aged 80)
Lima
Political partySocial Democrat Party
Spouse(s)Rosa Barragán Rodríguez
ChildrenLuis Jose Alejandro and Maria
MotherJosefina Escudero Menacho
FatherFrancisco José Eguiguren Escudero
ResidenceLima

Biography

Luis A. Eguiguren was born in the historical San Francisco Street (now Lima Street), in the city of Piura. He was the son of Francisco Jose Eguiguren Escudero,[2] honest judge, congressman, Secretary of Justice and President of the Supreme Court in 1913 and 1914, and the distinguished lady Josefina Escudero Menacho. Between 1893 and 1902, he studied at Colegio San Miguel de Piura School and then at Colegio La Inmaculada(The Jesuit Fathers School) in Lima (1902–1904). He got into the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, where he chose the academic degrees of Doctor of Letters (1913), in Jurisprudence with the thesis "The Peruvian ayllu legal status" (1914), and Political and Administrative Science (1914). His thesis of Bachelor of Political and Administrative Sciences was titled: "The Role of students in Political life”, and his doctoral thesis: "The need for a diplomatic tradition in Peru". His remains were transferred to his native Piura in December 2005, in order to rest in the tomb that he ordered to be built in San Teodoro Cemetery.[3] Law No. 24899,[4] promulgated on October 19, 1988, establishes that each July 21 is the Peruvian Humanist Day. It was established in honor of the magistrate, historian, journalist and Peruvian politician, Don Luis Antonio Eguiguren, on the centenary of his birth.

Career

He was appointed Director of the National Archive, but he resigned because he did not receive enough support to carry out the institution that was under his charge.[5]

In the field of politics, he deployed an intense task. He was the Mayor of Lima in a short period of time, during the years of 1930 and 1931. He was elected deputy and later he presided over the Constituent Assembly. He was also president of the Supreme Court of the Republic.[5]

In 1936 he ran for president in the Peruvian General Election as leader of the Social Democrat Party, after being convinced by the APRA to form his own party, to the detriment of Manuel Prado's Conservative Coallition. As the votes were being counted, Eguiguren appeared to be leading with a majority; the vote being finally suspended on October 21 (on the basis that members of the previously banned APRA party had voted for him) which left Eguiguren with 37.13% of the votes in comparison to Prado's 25.00%. However, due to the environment of political intolerance in Perú, the elections were nullified on the same arguments that the count was suspended: according to the government, aprist support of his candicacy rendered his victory null (as he was supported by a party considered illegal for being an "international party").[6]

After his frustrated precedency, he further developed a liking for historical research with dynamism and conviction, which perhaps explains the abundant and interesting bibliographical production of his authorship.[5]

Besides, we must highlight their work and research for the construction of the history of his alma mater, San Marcos. Orígenes de la Universidad de San Marcos is the title of a valuable text that all "sanmarquinos" should read in order to learn more about the oldest American college.[5]

Other of the books he also published were Catálogo histórico del claustro de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 1576–1800, La Universidad de San Marcos: IV centenario de la fundación de la Universidad Real y Pontificia y de su vigorosa continuidad histórica, y Diccionario cronológico de la Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Marcos y sus Colegios, vol I, vol.II and vol.III.

He is the most prolific San Marcos historian, because he has written six thousand pages of documents and texts about his university. He chaired the Committee appointed to draft the official history of San Marcos, on the occasion of its four hundred year anniversary in 1951.[5] Luis A. Eguiguren was interested also on events and characters of Peru's Independence. Therefore, he published studies about La rebelión de León de Huánuco, Lima y Huamanga −1812, La revolución de 1814, El mártir pescador José Silverio Olaya, La sublevación de Túpac Amaru, among others.

He made an important contribution to the text Apuntes sobre la cuestión internacional entre Perú y Ecuador, in which he demonstrated that some Peru's northern territories, like Jaen and Maynas, undoubtedly belong to his country.

Luis A. Eguiguren is the only Peruvian to lead the three branches of government, the Constituent Congress (1930–1932), the Supreme Court (1953–1954) and the failed Presidency (1936).

Photograph, with dedication, given by President Dwight Eisenhower to Luis A. Eguiguren, on the occasion of his visit to the United States as President of the Supreme Court of Peru in June 1954

Political offices

Honours

He was named Doctor Honoris Causa of the following universities:

Luis A. Eguiguren (center) receiving the Doctor Honoris Causa Diploma from Columbia University in New York

Publications

References
  1. http://www.congreso.gob.pe/participacion/museo/congreso/presidentes/Luis_Eguiguren
  2. LEÓN ZALDÍVAR, Rómulo: Las familias patricias. El Dr. Francisco José Eguiguren Escudero in High Life año II nº 7, Piura marzo 1967
  3. "El Peruano – Fecha 20051202 – Pagina 79". abogadoperu.com.
  4. http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/LeyNume_1p.asp
  5. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS (Lima-Perú) Personajes distinguidos http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/sanmarcos/biografia/eguigurenl.htm
  6. Elections and Events 1930-1949 The Library, UC San Diego
  7. Bethell, L. (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America Volume 6: 1930 to the Present, Part 2: Politics and Society (Cambridge University Press, 1995), 418–419 https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=cbhOISlOv3MC&pg=PA418&dq=Eguiguren+Cambridge&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwietczAuLbLAhVJJiYKHUjBB0UQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=Eguiguren%20Cambridge&f=false
  8. Cf. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio En la selva Política (1933), the back cover of this work shows: OBRAS DEL MISMO AUTOR, this work is mentiones after de Guerra Separatista. Huamanga Huánuco y Lima (1812–1813) and Guerra Separatista. Huánuco (1812). Cf. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO,Luis Antonio "El Derecho del Perú Virreynal. Crisis del Derecho y Justicia", Lima 1964, p.LXXXIV-LXXXV
  9. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio El Pensamiento de San Martín, Imprenta el Bien Social, Lima 1909. (Conference given at the University Center. Lima. Peru)
  10. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, LUIS ANTONIO (1910). "El fundador de la Universidad de San Marcos fray Tomás de San Martín". Revista Universitaria. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. II: 263–303.
  11. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, LUIS ANTONIO (1911). Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) (ed.). "Origen de la Universidad de San Marcos". REVISTA UNIVERSITARIA AÑO VI – Vol. II, 1911. LIMA.
  12. Revista Universitaria (Lima), 11, julio de 1912, p.89-100
  13. Revista Universitaria (Lima), I, mayo de 1912, p.467-470
  14. Luis Antonio Eguiguren (January 1, 1912). Catálogo histórico del claustro de la Universidad de San Marcos, 1576–1800 (in Spanish). Progreso Editorial. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  15. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (January 1, 1912). Con la juventud de América: Discursos pronunciados en el III Congreso Internacional de Estudiantes Americanos. La Opinión Nacional. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
  16. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (January 1, 1912). Guerra separatista del Peru, 1812: la revolución separatista del Perú á la luz de documentos inéditos. Casa Editora San Marti y Compañia. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  17. Thesis of Bachelor in Jurisprudence sustained on May 15, 1913. Cf. RAMOS NÚÑEZ, Carlos Augusto Historia del Derecho Civil peruano: siglos XIX y XX, PUCP, Lima 2006, p. 218. Cf. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO,Luis Antonio "El Derecho del Perú Virreynal. Crisis del Derecho y Justicia", Lima 1964, pp. LXXXVIII
  18. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio Historia del Batallón Numancia en Revista de Derecho, Historia y Letras, Año XV, Tomo XLIV, Buenos Aires. Argentina Marzo 1913, p. 315-322
  19. "Tentativa de segunda rebelión de Huánuco, octubre de 1812-enero de 1813". Latin American Pamphlet Digital Collection – CURIOSity Digital Collections.
  20. Cf.EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO,Luis Antonio "El Derecho del Perú Virreynal. Crisis del Derecho y Justicia", Lima 1964, pp.LXXXII-LXXXIII. This is how the author referred to this work: "The austere religious Rev. José Cano SJ, led with unparalleled zeal the Apostolate of the Press, and as part of the directory, I was entrusted with a conference on the" Edict of Constantine "to celebrate one of its centenarians " https://www.worldcat.org/title/reflexiones-en-torno-del-edicto-de-milan/oclc/906259628&referer=brief_results
  21. Cf. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio "El Derecho del Perú Virreynal. Crisis del Derecho y Justicia", Lima 1964, pp. LXXXVIII-LXXXIX.
    The thesis was published: Luis Antonio Eguiguren, El ayllu peruano y su condición legal, Lima, Librería, Imprenta y Encuadernación de la calle del Correo Orellana y Cª., 1914. A este fin destina más de 100 páginas de su trabajo (p.145 y ss.). Las proyecciones del indigenismo jurídico sobre la propiedad andina. https://www.boe.es/publicaciones/anuarios_derecho/abrir_pdf.php?id=ANU-H-2010-10076700804_ANUARIO_DE_HISTORIA_DEL_DERECHO_ESPA%26%231103%3BL_Las_proyecciones_del_indigenismo_jur%EDdico_sobre_la_propiedad_andina
  22. The chief works on modern Peruvian sociology, in addition to those already cited, and certain works to be cited later, are the following: Víctor Andrés Belaunde, El Perú antiguo y los modernos Sociólogos, Lima, 1908; Félix Cosío, La Propiedad colectiva del Ayllu, Cuzco, 1916; Luis A. Eguiguren, Ayllu Peruano y su Condición legal, Lima, 1914; José Manuel Osores, El Medio y la Legislación, Lima, 1918; Manuel A. Quiroga, La Evolución Jurídica de la Propiedad Rural en Puno, Arequipa, 1915; Cesar Antonio Ugarte, Los Antecedentes históricos del Régimen agrario Peruano, Lima, 1918; Luis E. Valcárcel, La Cuestión agraria en el Cuzco, Cuzco, 1914; Manuel V. Villarán, Condición legal de las Comunidades de Indígenas, Lima, 1907.Means, Philip Ainsworth (1920). "Indian Legislation in Peru". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 3 (4): 509–534. doi:10.2307/2505777. JSTOR 2505777.
  23. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio (1916). "Necesidad de una tradición diplomática en el Perú". Revista Universitaria I;II: 447-570;63-75 y 122-132
  24. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (January 1, 1914). "La revolución de 1814". Oficina Tipográfica de "La Opinión Nacional". Retrieved March 26, 2016. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. Boletín de la Sociedad geográfica de Lima, Lima, 1915, 31(4) p. 408-411
  26. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio (1915). "Intervención de los estudiantes en la vida política". Revista Universitaria I: 130–151.
  27. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (January 1, 1915). [La holgazanería en el Peru]. E. Moreno. OL 2805262M.
  28. EGUIGUREN, Luis Antonio (1921). Historia de la Universidad de San Marcos hasta el 15 de julio de 1647 por el Padre Maestro Fray Antonio de la Calancha Publicada por L.A. Eguiguren. Lima: Imprenta de La tradición.
  29. During his term as Mayor of Lima, Luis A. Eguiguren sought to contribute to the problem of unemployment in Lima. Due in part to the global economic crisis started around 1929. The summary of this 29-page work is: Informative note. Municipal labor exchange in favor of the unemployed. Protection of the workers who work. Decrees for houses for workers. Editorials and informative notes of "El Comercio" newspaper of Lima.
  30. Presents here his testimony on the Constituent Assembly of 1931. He was the President of the Assembly and opposed the approval of the Emergency Law requested by the Executive Power. Once this law was passed, in the absence of Eguiguren, this was the justification for apprehending a group of democratically elected representatives. Parliamentary immunity was violated. Eguiguren never consented to this abuse.
  31. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (1 de enero de 1935). La sedición de Huamanga en 1812: Ayacucho y la independencia (Nueva edición dedicada a Ayacucho). Librería e imprenta Gil, s. a.The first edition was published in Revista Universitaria VII/II, UNMSM, Lima
  32. It is about Amadeo de Piérola, son of Nicolás de Piérola. Amadeo he was President of the Democratic Party founded by his father in 1884. Cf. BALDEÓN, Edson (2005) en Aljovín de Losada Cristóbal y López, Sinesio (editores) Historia de las elecciones en el Perú: estudios sobre el gobierno representativo Lima:IEP p.464
  33. Speeches made as candidate for the Presidency of the Republic, 1936.16 pages
  34. He presents here his testimony about the 1936 elections that were canceled when the scrutiny carried out gave Luis Antonio Eguiguren Escudero the victory as President of the Republic.
  35. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (1 de enero de 1939). El usurpador. Talleres gráficos "Ahora"
  36. "Alma Mater es un ensayo acerca de los primeros años de San Marcos, hasta la reforma dispuesta por el virrey Toledo. La atención del autor se centra en conflicto entre los catedráticos laicos y los de la orden de Santo Domingo por el control de la Universidad".MONSALVE, Martín (Julio de 1998). "Del Estudio del Rosario a la Real y Pontificia Universidad Mayor de San Marcos en HISTORICA. Vol. XXII N2 1 Julio de 1998, p.54". PUCP
  37. Luis Antonio Eguiguren had proposed to publish a fourth volume of this Dictionary. He would have advanced in this work that did not reach its end. Cf. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio "El Derecho del Perú Virreynal. Crisis del Derecho y Justicia", Lima 1964, p.455
  38. This is a book about the History of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute
  39. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (1 de enero de 1941). Apuntes sobre la cuestión internacional entre el Perú y Ecuador.
  40. Eguiguren, Luis Antonio (1 de enero de 1942). El Estudiante de Medicina Daniel Carrión: Proceso judicial sobre su gloriosa muerte. Editorial Ahora
  41. Santa Rosa de Lima, cultura mística de la santa limeña : gráficos de su puño y letra, su primer director espiritual. Lima : Impr. Torres Aguirre, 1944
  42. EGUIGUREN ESCUDERO, Luis Antonio (1944–1945). "La creación de la democracia de post-guerra". Publication in 15 successive notebooks with 148 pages in total.
  43. OpenLibrary.org. "Carta de la Naciones unidas y estatutos de la Corte internacional de justicia – Open Library". Open Library.
  44. Summary of the work: Introduction by Dr. Luis Antonio Eguiguren. The UNRRA, an international service agency. Base and organization. Main fields of operations of the UNRRA. How will the needs be met? Progress of the UNRRA.
  45. https://www.worldcat.org/title/toribio-rodriguez-de-mendoza/oclc/23164686&referer=brief_results .Nota: Separate from the magazine: «Nueva educacion», n. 29, mayo de 1950.
  46. OpenLibrary.org. "El proceso de Berindoaga – Open Library". Open Library.
  47. Speech given upon receiving the title of Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa at Columbia University

Sources
Preceded by
Luis Albizuri		 Mayor of Lima
1930–1931		 Succeeded by
José Manuel García Bedoya
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