Madhav Kumar Nepal

Nepal joined the communist movement in 1969. During the underground struggle, he used party names such as 'Subodh', 'Sunil', 'Ranjan' and 'Bibek'. In 1971, he became a district committee member of the Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist-Leninist). At a conference held in Biratnagar June 7–8, 1975, Nepal was elected as a bureau member of the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist). When the ANCRCC (ML) founded the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) in 1978, Nepal was elected a politburo member of the new party.

He was the deputy prime minister in the CPN (UML) minority government in 1994-1995 as well as the leader of the opposition in the National Assembly during the 1990s. He argued for the Nepal Civil War to be solved through talks and did not believe that mobilization of the army was the solution and as the leader of CPN (UML), was one of the three key Nepali leaders, the other two being prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala and rebel Maoist leader Pushpa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda', crucial in bringing the Maoists into the peace process and signing the 12 point peace accords that ended the decade long war.

Nepal was arrested in 2001 during a crackdown on anti-government protest. Following the palace massacre he called for prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala to step down, though later joined forces with him to launch a campaign against King Gyanendra's assumption of executive powers.

On 12 April 2008, Nepal resigned as General Secretary of the CPN (UML),[3] after having lost the Kathmandu-2 seat to Maoist candidate Jhakku Prasad Subedi in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.[4] Subedi was a comparatively obscure candidate.[5] Nepal was also defeated in Rautahat-6 constituency by CPN(M) candidate Devendra Patel.[6] He later won both the seats in the second Constituent Assembly election in 2013, defeating his opponent in Kathmandu-2, Nepali Congress candidate Deepak Kuikel by a margin of over 10,000 votes. He defeated the same opponent in Kathmandu-2, again in the 2017 general election by a margin of 14,000 votes, earning nearly twice the number of votes as his opponent, Deepak Kuikel.

In June 2008, the CPN (UML) proposed that Nepal become the country's first President, following the declaration of a republic, though the idea did not materialise after disagreement with the ruling Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).[7]

Nepal with President Ram Baran Yadav

He became the 34th Prime Minister of Nepal on 25 May 2009 after his predecessor Prachanda resigned over a conflict with the president over the dismissal of the army's chief of staff.[8]

Nepal himself resigned as prime minister on 30 June 2010 in an effort to help the government move past its deadlock and to pave the way for a national consensus government, as demanded by the opposition.[9][10]

Prime Minister Nepal delivering a speech at Tundikhel the occasion of Democracy Day.

• 1990: Member, Constitution Drafting Commission
• 1991-1999: Member of the National Assembly
• 1991-1994: Leader of Opposition, National Assembly
• 1993-2008: General Secretary of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML)
• 1994-1995: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Defence and Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1999-2002: Member of the House of Representatives from Rautahat-1
• 1999-2002: Leader of the Opposition, House of Representatives
• 2008-2013: Member of the Constituent Assembly from CPN (UML) party list
• 2009-2011: Prime Minister of Nepal
• 2013-2017: Member of the Legislative Parliament from Kathmandu-2
• 2017-present: Member of the House of Representatives from Kathmandu-2

Madhav Kumar Nepal was born into a Brahmin family to Mangal Kumar and Durgadevi Upadhaya.[1][11] He graduated in Commerce from Tribhuvan University in 1973 and worked in banking and civil service before turning to full-time politics. He has two brothers, Binod Kumar Upadhyaya and Saroj Kumar Upadhyaya and three sisters, Kalika Bhandari, Indira Neupane and Basudha Pokharel.

He is married to Gayatri Acharya. He has a son and a daughter, Saurav and Suman Nepal. Born to a Hindu Brahmin family, there have been widespread rumorous claims that he adopted Christianity as his new faith and has been promoting conversion of hindus to christianity. However, he has recently, publicly and categorically, denied any link with Christianity or having any role in expanding the activity of Christian Missionary in his country.[1][12]

• Busky, Donald F (2002). Communism in History and Theory. Praeger/Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-97733-1
• Hutt, Michael (2004). Himalayan "People's War". C. Hurst & Co Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-722-X

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• Official website