Margaret Stanley (virologist)

Margaret Anne Stanley, OBE FMedSci is a British virologist and epithelial biologist. She attended the Universities of London, Bristol, and Adelaide.[1] As of 2018, she is an Emeritus Professor of Epithelial Biology in the Department of Pathology at University of Cambridge and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.[2] She is also an Honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and an Honorary Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge.[3] Stanley is a research scientist in the field of virology with particular focus on the human papillomavirus (HPV).[4] Her research work has led to new scientific findings on HPV. Additionally, she uses her expertise on HPV to serve on multiple different advisory committees and journal editorial boards.[4]

Research

Stanley's main research interest is the pathogenesis of HPV and she currently leads a research group focusing on the prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus infection, which causes cervical cancer.[5]

Early in her research, she generated a non-tumorigenic human cervical keratinocyte cell line, W12, from a low-grade cervical lesion. W12 cells can harbor HPV-16 episomes, and thus allow researchers the ability to investigate the complex processes of cervical cancer development.[6] Additionally, she helped to discover the temporal association between high-level chromosomal instability and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) integration, a key step in cervical carcinogenesis, such that integration precedes chromosomal abnormalities.[7]

She also studies the host cell responses to infection with the human papillomavirus in individuals who are immunodeficient, most commonly HIV-positive immunosuppressant individuals.[8] Evidence from animal models show that a CD4(+) T cell-dominated Th1 response leads to regression of anogential warts, an effective cell-mediated immune response (CMI).[9] She states that a failure to produce this effective CMI response to the human papillomavirus facilitates viral persistence and this can lead to the progression of high-grade disease and invasive cervical cancer.

Career

From 2000-2003, she was a member of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). Since then, she has served on multiple UK Research Council committees.

From 2004-2010, she served on the Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee (SEAC).[4] Stanley’s involvement in the SEAC was to provide independent scientific data to the UK government on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and advise the government’s public health, food safety, and animal health policies.

In 2017, Stanley was recruited by the American Society of Clinical Oncology to be on a multidisciplinary expert panel that presented new evidence-based recommendations for the primary prevention of cervical cancer.[10] The number of recommended dosages of the HPV vaccine varies based on resource availability, age, and sex. Stanley endorses the reduction of the recommended HPV vaccine dosage from 3 to 2 for children aged 14 and younger. Additionally, she states that there is preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of just one dosage of the HPV vaccine and further research needs to be conducted.[11]

Currently, Stanley serves as an expert on HPV for the HPV subcommittee of the UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccines and Immunisation.[4] She also serves on the editorial board for the following scientific journals: Sexually Transmitted Infections, Journal of Clinical Virology, and Reviews in Medical Virology.[1] Stanley is also working as a consultant for companies that market HPV vaccines. Some of these companies include GSK, MSD, and Sanofi Pasteur MSD.[4]

Advocacy

Stanley is a vocal advocate of HPV vaccination pre-puberty, specifically between the ages of 13 and early 20s. Stanley acknowledges that the recommended HPV vaccines have been shown to generate a high enough concentrations of antibodies to fight the virus.[12][13] Stanley also urges that both sexes be vaccinated because both are susceptible to HPV-related illnesses.[14][15] She endorses both of the licensed HPV L1 VLP vaccines, the bivalent vaccine for HPV types 16 and 18 (Cervarix) and the quadrivalent vaccine for HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (Gardasil). Stanley states that both licensed HPV vaccines are safe and highly immunogenic.[16]

Stanley is currently the Vice President of the International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS) and a member of the IPVS’s Executive, Policy, and Strategy and Planning Committees. Her main work with the IPVS is to encourage nations to endorse and utilize the readily available and effective HPV vaccinations in order to help prevent and treat the HIV infection in young people.[4]

Awards and honours

In 2004, Stanley was awarded an OBE for services to virology.[17] In 2010, she was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) for her contributions to cervical cancer and cervical precancers research.[18] She also holds a lifetime award for achievement from the International Papillomavirus Society.[19]

Key Papers

References
  1. "Margaret Stanley". Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  2. Academy of Medical Sciences: Fellows: Professor Margaret Stanley (accessed 6 January 2009)
  3. Christ's College, University of Cambridge: Prof Margaret Anne Stanley (accessed 6 January 2009)
  4. "Stanley, Margaret". International Papillomavirus Society. 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  5. "Professor Margaret Stanley OBE". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  6. Stanley MA, Browne HM, Appleby M, & Minson AC (April 1989). "Properties of a non-tumorigenic human cervical keratinocyte cell line". International Journal of Cancer. 43 (4): 672–676. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910430422. PMID 2467886.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Pett; et al. (February 2004). "Acquisition of High-Level Chromosomal Instability Is Associated with Integration of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Cervical Keratinocytes". Cancer Research. 64 (4): 1359–1368. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3214. PMID 14973079.
  8. Stanley, MA, Sterling, JC (March 2014). "Host responses to infection with human papillomavirus". Current Problems in Dermatology. 45: 58–74. doi:10.1159/000355964. ISBN 978-3-318-02526-2. PMID 24643178.
  9. Stanley, Margaret (April 2012). "Epithelial cell responses to infection with human papillomavirus". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 (2): 215–222. doi:10.1128/cmr.05028-11. PMC 3346303. PMID 22491770.
  10. Arrossi; et al. (March 2017). "Primary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Resource-Stratified Guideline". Journal of Global Oncology. 3 (5): 611–615. doi:10.1200/JGO.2016.008151. PMC 5646902. PMID 29094100.
  11. Stanley, Margaret (July 2016). "Preventing cervical cancer and genital warts - How much protection is enough for HPV vaccines?". The Journal of Infection. 72 Supplemental: S23-28. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2016.04.018. PMID 27211079.
  12. “The development of vaccines and immunotherapies against human papillomaviruses, the cause of cervix cancer” event Nov. 2012 (Accessed April 18, 2016)
  13. The Naked Scientist Interview May 2010 (Accessed April 18, 2016)
  14. Brody, Herb (2012). "Human papillomavirus". Nature. 488 (7413): S1. Bibcode:2012Natur.488S...1B. doi:10.1038/488S1a. PMID 22932432.
  15. Stanley, Margaret (2012). "Perspective: Vaccinate boys too". Nature. 488 (7413): S10. Bibcode:2012Natur.488S..10S. doi:10.1038/488S10a. PMID 22932433. S2CID 6458476.
  16. Stanley, Margaret (September 2007). "Prophylactic HPV vaccines". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 60 (9): 961–965. doi:10.1136/jcp.2006.040568. PMC 1972442. PMID 17259297.
  17. London Gazette (31 December 2003) Suppl. 1: S13
  18. "2010 Lifetime Achievement Award Recipients". American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  19. "Professor Margaret Stanley OBE". University of Cambridge. 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
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