Maria Silva Cruz

Maria Silva Cruz (April 20, 1915 – August 23, 1936) was a Spanish anarchist and a hero of the Casas Viejas Uprising in Spain. She was also known as "La Libertaria."[1]

Maria Silva Cruz

La Libertaria
Maria Silva Cruz, also known as La Libertaria.
BornApril 20, 1915
Casas Viejas
DiedAugust 23, 1936(1936-08-23) (aged 21)
Ronda
Cause of deathExecution by firing squad
CitizenshipSpanish
Known forParticipation and survival in the Casas Viejas incident.

Biography

Silva Cruz was born and raised in Casas Viejas (now Benalup-Casas Viejas) in Andalusia.[1] Her parents were day laborers and her father, Juan Silva Gonzalez and her uncle were both members of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), an anarchist group which supported reforms for workers.[1]

In January 1933, the CNT demonstrated in Casas Viejas and attempted to get the government's Civil Guard to give up their power.[2] Silva Cruz and her friends, Manuel Lago and Gallinito, were part of the demonstrations on January 11.[1] During the demonstrations, two guards were wounded.[2] More troops from the Civil Guard were sent in to stop the CNT.[3] Many of the villagers fled, but some anarchists attempted to hide in the house of Silva Cruz's grandfather, Francisco Cruz Gutiérrez, who was nicknamed Seisdedos.[1] The house was set on fire by the Civil Guard and everyone inside was killed, except for Silva Cruz and a cousin.[4] She emerged, burned and carrying the young boy to safety.[1] She persuaded the guard not to kill her or the boy and then she fled to her mother's house.[1] Silva Cruz was arrested on January 14, 1933.[2]

Silva Cruz was jailed at Medina Sidonia and then transferred to Cadiz for a month's imprisonment.[1] She met Miguel Perez Cordon, a member of the CNT while at Medina Sidonia.[4] Perez Cordon courted her and after two months, the couple moved to Madrid.[1] In May 1935, they had a son, Juan Perez Silva.[1][4] The family moved back to Andalusia, living in Ronda.[1]

Fascists eventually occupied Ronda in July 1936, and Perez Cordon fled to the mountains while Silva Cruz stayed with her young son at home.[1] She was arrested by the Civil Guard and her son was taken from her. She and two other people were executed on August 23, 1936 at dawn.[1]

Like many people who participated in the Spanish Revolution, Silva Cruz's remains were never identified.[5] She was also never listed as officially dead until 2010.[4] Her son, who grew up with Silva Cruz's aunt, worked throughout his life to try to find Maria Silva Cruz's remains in order to bury them and plant flowers for her.[4]

References
  1. "Silva Cruz, Maria, 1915-1936". Libcom. 2 January 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  2. "Biografía de María Silva Cruz 'La Libertaria'". Portal Libertario Oaca (in Spanish). 12 March 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  3. Seidman, Michael (2011). The Victorious Counterrevolution. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 18. ISBN 9780299249632.
  4. Fopiani, Ana Maria (11 January 2012). "Muere a los 76 años el hijo de 'La Libertaria' sin saber dónde fue enterrada su madre". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  5. "¡¡Maria Silva Cruz "Libertaria" a los Registros Civiles!!". CGT Andalucia. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
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