Martin Cahill

Martin "The General" Cahill (23 May 1949 – 18 August 1994)[1] was a prominent Irish criminal from Dublin.

Martin Cahill
Born(1949-05-23)23 May 1949
Dublin, Ireland
Died18 August 1994(1994-08-18) (aged 45)
Ranelagh, Dublin, Ireland
Cause of deathAssassination by the Provisional IRA
NationalityIrish
Other namesThe General
Spouse(s)Frances
Children5
Conviction(s)Armed robbery

Cahill generated a certain notoriety in the media, which referred to him by the sobriquet "The General". The name was also used by the media to discuss Cahill's activities while avoiding legal problems with libel. During his lifetime, Cahill took particular care to hide his face from the media—he would spread the fingers of one hand.

Early life

He was born in a slum district in Grenville Street in Dublin's north inner city, the second of twelve surviving children of Patrick Cahill, a lighthouse-keeper, and Agnes Sheehan.[2] By the time he was in school, Martin and his older brother John were stealing food to supplement the family's income. In 1960, the family was moved to Captain's Road, Crumlin, as part of the Dublin slum clearances. Martin was sent to a Christian Brothers School (CBS) on the same road where he lived but was soon playing truant and committing frequent burglaries with his brothers. At 15, he attempted to join the Royal Navy, but was rejected, allegedly after offering to break into houses for them and because he had a criminal record.[3]

Career

At age 16, he was convicted of two burglaries and sentenced to an industrial school run by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate at Daingean, County Offaly. After his release, he met and married Frances Lawless, a girl from Rathmines, where his family was living.

With his brothers, he continued to commit multiple burglaries in the affluent neighbourhoods nearby, at one point even robbing the Garda Síochána depot for confiscated firearms. The Cahill brothers soon turned to armed robbery, and by the early 1970s Gardaí at the Dublin Central Detective Unit (CDU) had identified the Cahill brothers as major criminals, when they teamed up with the notorious Dunne gang in Crumlin to rob security vans conveying cash from banks.

Rise to prominence

In 1978, Dublin Corporation began preparing to demolish Hollyfield Buildings. Cahill, then serving a four-year suspended prison sentence, fought through the courts to prevent his neighbourhood's destruction. Even after the tenements were demolished, he continued to live in a pitched tent on the site. Finally, Ben Briscoe, the Lord Mayor of Dublin, paid a visit to his tent and persuaded him to move into a new house in a more upscale district of Rathmines.[4]

Cahill and his gang infamously stole gold and diamonds with a value of over IR£2 million (€2.55 million) from O'Connor's jeweller's in Harolds Cross (1983); the jeweller's subsequently was forced to close, with the loss of more than one hundred jobs. He was also involved in stealing some of the world's most valuable paintings from Russborough House (1986)[5] and extorting restaurants and hot dog vendors in Dublin's nightclub district.[6]

Tango squad

Fearing the increasing role that forensic science could play in detecting his robberies, in May 1982 Cahill had a bomb placed under the car of chief forensic scientist, Dr James O'Donovan, partly disabling him.

In February 1988, a Today Tonight report identified Cahill as the man behind the O'Donovan bomb plot, the 1986 Beit (Russborough House) robbery and the robbery of O'Connors jewellery depot. As a result, PD leader Dessie O'Malley raised in the Dáil the revelations that Cahill owned such expensive property in Cowper Downs, despite having never worked, remarking that Cahill must have needed the extra wall space to "hang his artwork by the Dutch masters."[7]

As a result, the Gardaí set up a Special Surveillance Unit (SSU), nicknamed "Tango Squad", to specifically target and monitor Cahill's gang on a permanent, 24/7 basis. Cahill was given the callsign Tango-1.[7] The SSU also placed a direct presence on the estate at Cowper Downs, positioning a surveillance unit in the home of developer John Sisk, whose house backed onto Cahill's. Following the arrest of two of Cahill's associates in an attempted robbery, and resentful of the large Garda presence near his home, Cahill retaliated by ordering his men to slash the tyres of 197 cars on the night of 26 February 1988 (including 90 belonging to his neighbours in Cowper Downs). Cahill returned home to find his own Mercedes-Benz smashed.[7][8]

Lacey kidnapping

In early 1993, John "The Coach" Traynor, met his boss Cahill, to provide him with inside information about the inner workings of the National Irish Bank (NIB) head office and branch at College Green, Dublin. Traynor told Cahill that the bank regularly held more than €10 million in cash in the building. The plan was to abduct NIB CEO Jim Lacey, his wife and four children and take them to an isolated hiding place. There, they would be held with fellow gang member Jo Jo Kavanagh, acting as a "hostage", who would frighten Lacey into handing over every penny stored in the bank's vaults.[9]

On 1 November 1993, Cahill's gang seized Lacey and his wife outside his home in Blackrock.[10] Whilst they were held at Lacey's home, Kavanagh was brought in and tied up, telling the family that he had been abducted two weeks before. On 2 November, Kavanagh drove Lacey to College Green to collect the ransom money, with Lacey eventually withdrawing IR£300,000 from an accessible cash machine.[10] Kavanagh then drove the pair and the money to the local Garda station, where he told them the pair had been kidnapped and forced to take part in a robbery.[9]

With a ransom note requesting payment of €10 million in cash, the Gardaí began investigating. They quickly found that Kavanagh had claimed child allowance during his two-week "capture", and so arrested him. Cahill then planned with Kavanagh to "raid" Kavanagh's home, and show intent to kill the Lacey family by shooting Kavanagh in the leg. Kavanagh was then to call the Irish newspapers from his hospital bed, and claim he was a victim of the Lacey kidnapping gang.

However, the plan failed, and the gang were arrested.[9]

Assassination

With all gang members from the Lacey kidnapping released on bail, on 18 August 1994, Cahill left the house at which he had been staying at Swan Grove and began driving to a local shop.[11] Upon reaching a road junction (where Oxford Road meets Charleston Road) he was repeatedly shot in the face and upper torso and died almost instantly. The gunman, who was armed with a .357 Magnum revolver, jumped on a motorbike, and disappeared from the scene.

There are a number of theories about who killed Martin Cahill and why.

Within hours of Cahill's death, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) claimed responsibility in a press release. The reasons cited were Cahill's alleged involvement with a Portadown unit of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). The unit in question had attempted a bomb attack on a south Dublin pub which was hosting a Sinn Féin fund-raiser on 21 May 1994. The UVF operatives were halted by the doorman Martin Doherty. In the ensuing struggle Doherty, who the IRA subsequently announced was a volunteer in their Dublin Brigade, was shot dead.[12][13] The IRA further alleged that Cahill had been involved in selling the stolen Beit paintings to the UVF gang led by Billy Wright.[14] The UVF then fenced the paintings for money, which they used to buy guns from South Africa. This act supposedly sealed Cahill's fate, and put him at the top of an IRA hit list.[15] In a later statement, the IRA said that it was Cahill's involvement with and assistance to pro-British death squads which forced us to act.[16]

Another theory surfaced after the publication of Paul Williams' The General, which claims to have insights from the Garda officers who investigated Cahill's killing. Reputedly, two of Cahill's underlings, John Gilligan and John Traynor, had put together a massive drug trafficking ring. When Cahill demanded a cut of the profits, the Gardaí believe that Traynor and Gilligan approached the IRA and suggested that Cahill was importing heroin, a drug that the IRA despised and were trying to prevent from being sold in Dublin. Reputedly this, and Cahill's past dealings with the Ulster loyalists, gave the IRA reason to order his assassination. A further incentive was provided by Gilligan, who reputedly paid the IRA a considerable sum in exchange for Cahill's assassination.[9]

Frances Cahill's memoir, Martin Cahill, My Father, alleges the General detested and steered clear of the drug trade.

After a Roman Catholic requiem mass, Martin Cahill was buried in consecrated ground at Mount Jerome Cemetery. In 2001, his gravestone was vandalised and broken in two.[17]

CAB asset seizure
Main article: Criminal Assets Bureau

Following the 1996 murder of journalist Veronica Guerin, the Dáil set up the Criminal Assets Bureau, to seize assets of those who were both convicted of crimes, and also seemingly had no obvious means of income. The CAB was set up to focus mainly on high-profile drug dealers but had an open approach to all convicted criminals. Cahill denied that he was ever involved in drug dealing, however, his brother Peter was convicted of supplying heroin in the 1980s.[18]

In 1984, Cahill had bought his growing family a house on the Cowper Downs development, on the southside of Dublin, paying IR£80,000 cash despite having no paid formal employment since he left his first and only job in 1969. On 1 May 2005, under an agreement with his widow Frances, the CAB seized and subsequently sold the property.[7]

Personal life

Cahill was married to Frances Lawless with whom he fathered five children. However, it was also widely rumored that Cahill had, with Frances' approval, a second partner in Frances' younger sister Tina Lawless, with whom it is believed he fathered four further children. This polygamous domestic arrangement was depicted in the 1998 biopic of Martin's life "The General".[19]

In 1998 John Boorman (who had lived in Ireland for nearly 20 years) directed a biographical film titled The General, starring Brendan Gleeson as Cahill. The film won the Best Director award at the Cannes Film Festival. It was based on a book by Irish crime journalist Paul Williams, who was also the crime editor of the Irish tabloid the Sunday World. Boorman himself once had his home burgled by Cahill, who stole the gold record which Boorman had won for the Deliverance soundtrack. This incident is depicted in the film.[20]

Ken Stott starred as Cahill in a 1999 BBC drama, 'Vicious Circle' written by Kieran Prendiville

The 2003 film Veronica Guerin implies that John Gilligan ordered Cahill's murder. In the film Gilligan and Traynor are not portrayed as Cahill's subordinates. Instead, Gilligan appears as a rival mob boss and Traynor as a lower-level associate.

The film Ordinary Decent Criminal, starring Kevin Spacey, is loosely based on Cahill's life.

In 2004, a book written by Matthew Hart was released entitled The Irish Game: A True Story of Crime and Art, which depicted the story of the Russborough House heist in 1986 and Cahill's involvement.

Cahill's eldest daughter, Frances Cahill, released a book in 2008 entitled Martin Cahill, My Father.

Quotes
  • "Reform school was my primary school, St. Patrick's Institution my secondary school, and Mountjoy my university—they taught me everything I know."[21]
  • "Whatever it is you say I am, I am not. Whatever it is you want from me, I will give. Whatever it is you take from me, you can take. What is it you can do to me? The worst thing you can do is kill me, after that I won't care, I am still free."[22]

See also

Footnotes
  1. "'Dedicated killer' who murdered The General". independent. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  2. Badfellas by Paul Williams, Penguin UK, 27 October 2011 https://books.google.com/books?id=mebuBdkoWTAC&pg=PT106
  3. Paul Williams, "The General," page 21
  4. Paul Williams, The General, pages 35–37.
  5. Paul Williams, The General, pages 95–116
  6. Paul Williams, The General, pages 201–210.
  7. "Neighbours welcome end of living next door to malice". Tribune.ie. 1 May 2005. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  8. Burke, John. "Neighbours welcome end of living next door to malice". Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  9. "JO JO FALLS ON WOOF TIMES". Sunday World. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  10. Una McCaffrey (9 April 2011). "Ex-chief executive's past eventually catches up with him". Irish Times. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  11. Cahill, Frances (1 November 2008). Martin Cahill, My Father. Dublin, Ireland: NEW ISLAND BOOKS. p. 104. ISBN 9781905494750.
  12. "Remembering the Past: Brave Volunteer prevents mass murder". An Phoblacht. 21 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  13. "A woman in the way of a drug baron's ambitions". Irish Independent. 3 February 2008.
  14. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. Paul Williams, "The General," pages 11–14, 273–280.
  16. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) The General – a grotesque myth
  17. Irish Examiner
  18. Kelly, John (2002). "Niece of crime boss Cahill using Net to promote Irish racial hate and". Sunday Mirror. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008.
  19. Donaghy, Kathy (3 March 2005). "Cahill's unusual domestic set-up had curtains twitching in suburbia". Irish Independent. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  20. "Salon.com". Safe Haven. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2007.
  21. "The General" by Paul Williams.
  22. Cahill, Frances (1 November 2008). Martin Cahill, My Father. Dublin, Ireland: NEW ISLAND BOOKS. ISBN 9781905494750.
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