Mata Ortiz

Mata Ortiz is a small village in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, less than 100 miles (160 km) from the US-Mexico border. The community is one of the designated localidades (localities) in the municipio libre (municipality) of Casas Grandes, one of several such pueblos in a wide, fertile valley long inhabited by indigenous people. Mata Ortiz is located at the base of a mountain known as El Indio and on the west bank of the Rio Palanganas, a tributary of the Rio Casas Grandes. The ancient ruins of Casas Grandes are located nearby. As of 2010, Mata Ortiz had a population of 1,182.[1]

History

The town was originally established as “Pearson” during the Porfirio Díaz presidency in the late 19th century with its economy based on agriculture, timber, cattle and the nearby railroad. After the Mexican Revolution the town’s name was changed, to honor Juan Mata Ortiz, a local hero who fought against the Apaches in the 19th century.[2][3] After the Revolution was in influx of people and land was redistributed under the ejido system, but many residents still relied on seasonal labor and work with the railroad to get by. Rail work ended in the 1960s when the repair yard was relocated to Nuevo Casas Grandes, leading to the town’s decline, which continued until the 1980s.[3]

Ceramics
Mata Ortiz olla
Main article: Mata Ortiz pottery

The making of pottery in the town began in the 1980s, and now about 300 of the 2,000 inhabitants in the town make a living from making ceramics, with about two-thirds of the population having employment indirectly related to the craft, either providing fuel for kilns or offering guest rooms to traders and tourists.[4][5][6] The handicraft has raised living standards considerably in the municipality from the poverty of the early 1980s.[6] Before ceramics, there was only seasonal agricultural jobs for men and for women there was nothing. Pottery has allowed residents to provide things like electricity, plumbing, vehicles and more to families.[5] The movement to create the pottery has included women as well as men since its beginning, and today women of all talent and expertise levels are found in the town.[3]

The town is known for its ceramics which are a revival of the Paquimé tradition, conserving much of its style, decoration and color.[2] The air is often filled with gray tendrils of smoke from the many kilns.[7] The town has hosted a ceramics competition called the Concurso de Cerámica since 2008, now supported by FONART, and is a major handcrafts event in Mexico.[2][8] Other support for artisans comes from other federal and state agency for supplies and training.[8]

Mata Ortiz has recently seen a revival of an recontact Oasisamerica pottery tradition. Inspired by pottery from the ancient city of Paquimé, which traded as far north as New Mexico and Arizona and throughout northern Mexico, contemporary potters are producing work for national and international sale. This new artistic movement is due to the efforts of Juan Quezada Celado, the self-taught originator of modern Mata Ortiz pottery, his extended family and neighbors.

References
  1. "Casas Grandes". Catálogo de Localidades. Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL). Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  2. "Cerámica de Mata Ortiz, Icono del Arte Popular Mexicano" [Mata Ortiz ceramics, icon of Mexican popular art] (in Spanish). Mexico: FONART. December 16, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  3. Kiara Maureen Hughes (2009). The women potters of Mata Ortiz: Growing empowerment through artistic work (PhD). The University of New Mexico. OCLC 3369603.
  4. Susan Lowell (May–June 2000). "The Treasure of Mata Ortiz". Stanford Magazine. California: Stanford University. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  5. Donnelly, Karen (April 2000). "The art of innovation: Mexico Mata Ortiz pottery". The World and I. 15 (4): 112–117.
  6. "Conjuga cerámica de Mata Ortiz arte prehispánico y tesón campesino" [Mata Ortiz ceramics combines pre-Hispanic art with countryside tenacity]. El Porvenir (in Spanish). Mexico City. May 12, 2008. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  7. Michael Allan Williams (September 1, 1997). "Mata Ortiz, Chihuahua; a village of potters". Mexconnect newsletter. ISSN 1028-9089. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  8. "Cerámica de Mata Ortiz, ícono del arte" [Mata Ortiz ceramics, icon of art] (in Spanish). Mexico: FONART. August 16, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2012.

Books
  • Bezy, John V., & Scott, Stuart D. The Artistry and History of Mata Ortiz. ISBN 978-1-4507-2067-0
  • Cahill, Rick. The Story of Casas Grandes Pottery. Bodjum Books, 1991, ISBN 0-9630853-0-1
  • Lowell, Hills, Quintana, et al., The Many Faces of Mata Ortiz, Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 1999; ISBN 1-887896-08-2 - an overview of many of the Mata Ortiz potters and their individual styles.
  • Parks, Walter, The Miracle of Mata Ortiz, The Courier Press, Riverside, CA, 1994; ISBN 0-9637655-0-7 - outlining the history of Mata Ortiz pottery.

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