Mathieu group M₁₁

M₁₁ is one of the 26 sporadic groups and was introduced by Mathieu (1861, 1873). It is the smallest sporadic group and, along with the other four Mathieu groups, the first to be discovered. The Schur multiplier and the outer automorphism group are both trivial.

M₁₁ is a sharply 4-transitive permutation group on 11 objects and can be defined by some set of permutations, such as the pair (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11), (3,7,11,8)(4,10,5,6) of permutations used by the GAP computer algebra system.

M₁₁ has a sharply 4-transitive permutation representation on 11 points, whose point stabilizer is sometimes denoted by M₁₀, and is a non-split extension of the form A₆.2 (an extension of the group of order 2 by the alternating group A₆). This action is the automorphism group of a Steiner system S(4,5,11). The induced action on unordered pairs of points gives a rank 3 action on 55 points.

M₁₁ has a 3-transitive permutation representation on 12 points with point stabilizer PSL₂(11). The permutation representations on 11 and 12 points can both be seen inside the Mathieu group M12 as two different embeddings of M₁₁ in M₁₂, exchanged by an outer automorphism.

The permutation representation on 11 points gives a complex irreducible representation in 10 dimensions. This is the smallest possible dimension of a faithful complex representation, though there are also two other such representations in 10 dimensions forming a complex conjugate pair.

M₁₁ has two 5-dimensional irreducible representations over the field with 3 elements, related to the restrictions of 6-dimensional representations of the double cover of M₁₂. These have the smallest dimension of any faithful linear representations of M₁₁ over any field.

There are 5 conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups of M₁₁ as follows:

• M₁₀, order 720, one-point stabilizer in representation of degree 11
• PSL(2,11), order 660, one-point stabilizer in representation of degree 12
• M₉:2, order 144, stabilizer of a 9 and 2 partition.
• S₅, order 120, orbits of 5 and 6

Stabilizer of block in the S(4,5,11) Steiner system

• Q:S₃, order 48, orbits of 8 and 3

Centralizer of a quadruple transposition

Isomorphic to GL(2,3).

The maximum order of any element in M₁₁ is 11. Cycle structures are shown for the representations both of degree 11 and 12.

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• MathWorld: Mathieu Groups
• Atlas of Finite Group Representations: M₁₁