Maweti–Guarani languages

The Maweti–Guarani languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family according to Meira and Drude (2015).[1] The branch was originally proposed by Rodrigues (1984),[2] and is also accepted by Jolkesky (2016).[3]

Maweti–Guarani
Geographic
distribution
Brazil
Linguistic classificationTupian
  • Maweti–Guarani

Classification

  • Maweti–Guarani

Proto-language

Proto-Maweti–Guarani
Reconstruction ofMaweti–Guarani languages
Reconstructed
ancestor
Lower-order reconstructions
  • Proto-Tupi–Guarani

Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti–Guarani, along with Mawe, Aweti, and Proto-Tupi–Guarani cognates according to Meira and Drude (2015).[1]

glossProto-Maweti–Guaraninotes (Proto-Maweti–Guarani)MawetiAwetiProto-Tupi–Guarani
3SG *i- i- i- *i-
about *ete ete ete *ece
agouti *akuti akuri akuzu Ɂjɨt *akuti
anu bird *anjũ, *aniũ ajũ-nɁi ajũ *anũ
armadillo *tjajtju sahu tatu-pep *tatu
ashamed (*tĩ) *tĩ
at/in *pe pe pe *pe
ax *kwɨ ɨwɨ-hap *jɨ
back *(Ɂ)ape ape Ɂape *ape
be/live *eko eko eko eko
beans *kumana (? – possible borrowing) kumanã kumanaɁĩ *kumana
big *wat(o/u) wato watu waču
bitter *rõp nop lop *rop
black *kwuun huun *un
blood *tjuwɨ(k) suu uwɨk *(r)uwɨ
blow *pekwu pehu petu *peju
bone *kaŋ kaŋ kaŋ *kaŋ
branch *tjakã jãŋã akã *(r)akã
burn *apɨ apɨ apɨ *apɨ
buriti (palm) (*m(u/i)riti) (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) miriti *muriti
chest *potiɁa potiɁa pozɨɁa *potiɁa
chief (*morekwat) (? possible borrowing) morekwat morekwat
call *enõj h-enoj ejõj *enõj
cloud *(ɨwɨ)tjiŋ ɨwɨ-hiŋ ɨwɨ-tiŋ ɨßa-tiŋ
COM.CAUS (= comitative causative) *er(o/e)- er-, ere- zo- ero
come *ut (u)ut ut *ut
cooked *kwɨp wɨp o-kɨp *jɨp
corn *aßati (? – probable borrowing) awati awati *aßati
curassow *mɨtiũ(ŋ), *mɨtjũ(ŋ) mɨjũ mɨtuŋ mɨtũ
deer *(ɨ)tɨɨ tɨ-wapat, ɨtɨɨ
die (pl.) *pap pap pap *pap
do *rj(u/o)ŋ, *nj(u/o)ŋ nuŋ juŋ *ruŋ ~ *roŋ ~ *noŋ (Rodrigues & Dietrich 1997), *noŋ (Mello 2000)
door *oken oken-ɨpɨ oten *oken
earth (*Ɂɨj) Ɂɨj *Ɂɨj
eat *Ɂu uɁu Ɂu *Ɂu
egg *upiɁa upiɁa n-upiɁa *upiɁa
enter *ejke we-eke ece *(e)jkje
exit *tem wẽẽ-tem tem *čem
eye *et-tja (e)ha (e)ta eča (Rodrigues and Dietrich 1997), eca (Mello 2000)
face *(e/o)ßa (e)wa owa *oßa
fall *Ɂat aɁat Ɂat *Ɂat
father *tjup sup up *(r)up
feed *poj poj poj *poj
fetid *riem, *rjem; (*rem) nem jem *nem ~ *rem
field *ko ko ko *ko
finger (nail) *p(uɁ)u(j)ã puɁujã puã *pwã
fire *atia, *atja arja aza *ata
flat *peep peep ɨwɨ-pep *pep
flea *tiuŋ, *tjuŋ juŋ tuŋ *tuŋ
flower *pojtjɨɨt i-pohɨɨt Ɂa-potɨt *potɨt
foot *pɨ *pɨ
fruit *Ɂa Ɂa Ɂa *Ɂa
grandfather *am(õ/ũ)(j) h-amũ amũj *amõj
go *to to to *co
good *kajtju kahu katu *katu
hair *tjap sap ap *(r)ap
hammock *(Ɂ)(i/ɨ)nĩ Ɂɨni Ɂinĩ *inĩ
hand *po po po *po
head hair *Ɂatjap (from *Ɂa ‘head’ + *tjap ‘hair’) asap Ɂap *Ɂap
heavy *potɨj potɨj potɨj *pocɨj
hot *tjakup sakup akup *(r)akup
house *(tj)ok sok ok *(r)ok
hunger *tjɨɨɁa(t) sɨɨɁat tɨɁa-ßot
kill (*kwuka) Ɂa-uka *juka
leaf *tjop ɨ-hop op *(r)op
lick *eereep eereep ezep *erep
lip *tjẽpe jẽpe ẽpe *(r)eme
louse *ŋɨp ŋɨp Ɂakɨp (from earlier *Ɂa ‘head’ + *kɨp ‘louse’) *kɨp
manioc *mani mani maniɁok *maniɁok (cf. Aweti, Tupi-Guarani Ɂok ‘tuber’)
man's daughter *tjakwiɁɨt sakiɁɨt atiɁɨt *(r)ajɨt
man's sister *(i/e)nɨt inɨt jĩt *enɨt
man's older brother *(Ɂ)ɨkeɁɨt ɁɨkeɁet ɨtiɁɨt *ɁɨkeɁɨt
many *(e)tia, *(e)tja =-rja =-za *eta
medicine *pot-tjaŋ pohaŋ potaŋ *pocaŋ
moon *kwaatɨ waatɨ tatɨ *jačɨ
mortar *(wẽ)kuɁa wẽkuɁa ɁẽkuɁa *ɨŋuɁa
mosquito *kwatiɁũ watiɁũ tazɨɁũ *jatiɁũ
mother *tɨ *čɨ
neck *kwut hut-Ɂɨp [huɁɾɨp] tur-Ɂɨp [tuɁɾɨp] *jut
name *tjet set et *(r)et
navel *pɨrupɁã pɨrumɁa pilup pɨruɁã (Rodrigues; Dietrich, 1997), pɨruã (Mello, 2000)
O.NZ (= object nominalizer) *mi- mi- mi- *mipa
in *tjatɨ satɨ atɨ *(r)ačɨ
pass *kotjap kosap kwap *kwap
place *etiam, *etjam ejam tam, etam *etam
pull *ekɨj ekɨj ekɨj *ekɨj
rain *ama(a)n iɁ-ama(a)n aman *aman
red *kwup hup tup *jup
red (*pɨraŋ) pɨlaŋ pɨraŋ (perhaps reconstructible only to Proto-Aweti-Guarani)
RFL (= reflexive) *kwe- we- te- *je
root *tjapo sapo apo *(r)apo
saliva (*tjẽtɨ) jẽtɨ-hɨ *(r)enɨ
salt *kwukɨt ukɨt tukɨt *jukɨt
search *(i/e)kaat (i)kaat (j)kat *ekat
see/hear *ẽtup wan-ẽtup (ẽ)tup *enup
seed *tjaɁĩj jaɁĩj aɁĩj *(r)aɁĩj
seize *pɨtɨk pɨtɨk pɨtɨk *pɨtɨk
seize *(j)aat aat *(j)at
shoot (*(Ɂ)ɨßõ) Ɂɨwõ ɨßõ
shoulder *tj(a/ã)tiɁɨp(i) jãtiɁɨpɨ azɨɁɨp *(r)atɨɁɨp
skin/body *piit piit pit *pit
slap (*petek) petek petek
sleep *ket ket tet *kjet
smoke *tjiŋ ɨ-hiŋ (probably *Ɂɨp ‘tree, wood’ + *tjiŋ) tiŋ *tiŋ
snake *mõj moj mõj *moj
squirrel (*kutiere, *kutjere) kutiere kuceze-Ɂjɨt
sweet *i-tjeɁẽ heɁẽ teɁẽ *čeɁẽ (apparently a lexicalized third-person form)
swim *ɨjtja(p) ɨha ɨta-tap *ɨtap
termite *ŋupi ŋupi-Ɂa kupi-Ɂa, kupi-Ɂĩ kupi-Ɂi
tail *tjuwaj suwaj-po uwaj *(r)uwaj
thick *anam iɁ-anam Ɂajam *anam
thigh *Ɂup Ɂup Ɂup *Ɂup
tooth *tjãj jãj ãj *(r)ãj
tortoise *kwaßoti wawori tawozɨ *jaßoti
toucan *tiukan, *tjukan jũkan tukan *tukan
traíra (fish) (*taraɁɨra) (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) taraɁɨra taraɁɨr-a
two (*mokõj) mokõj *mokõj
village (*taaßa) (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) taawa *taßa
vulture *urußu uruwu uzuwu *urußu
wasp *ŋap ŋap kap *kap
water *Ɂɨ ɨɁɨ Ɂɨ *Ɂɨ
wind *ɨßɨt(u) (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) ɨwɨtu ɨwɨt *ɨßɨtu
woman's son *mẽpɨt mẽpɨt mẽpɨt *memɨt

For a list of Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions by Corrêa-da-Silva (2013),[4] see the corresponding Portuguese article.

References

  1. Meira, Sérgio and Sebastian Drude (2015). "A preliminary reconstruction of proto-Maweti-Guarani segmental phonology". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, série Ciências Humanas, 10(2):275-296. doi:10.1590/1981-81222015000200005
  2. Rodrigues, Aryon D. Relações internas na família lingüística Tupí-Guaraní. Revista de Antropologia, São Paulo, v. 27/28, p. 33-53, 1984/85.
  3. Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
  4. Corrêa-da-Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2013). O mundo a partir do léxico: Reconstruindo a realidade social Mawé-Awetí-Tupí-Guaraní. Revista Brasileira De Linguística Antropológica, 5(2), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v5i2.16271
  • Mello, A. A. S. Estudo histórico da família lingüística Tupi-Guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2000.
  • Rodrigues, A. D.; Dietrich, W. On the linguistic relationship between Mawe and Tupi-Guarani. Diachronica, v. 14, n. 2, p. 265-304, 1997.
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