Meander scar

A meander scar, occasionally meander scarp,[1] is a geological feature formed by the remnants of a meandering water channel. They are characterized by "a crescentic cut in a bluff or valley wall, produced by...a meandering stream."[2][3][4] They are often formed during the creation of oxbow lakes.[5][6][7]

Meander scars, oxbow lakes and abandoned meanders in the broad flood plain of the Rio Negro, Argentina. 2010 astronaut photo from ISS.

The term itself may refer alternatively to the actual cuts into the bank of a bluff,[1] or to the general feature of a drying or dried meander.[5] Both uses, however, describe features of the same process.

Meander scars are caused by the varying velocities of current within the river channel. Due to higher velocity current on the outer banks of the river through the bend, more erosion occurs causing the characteristic steep outer slopes.[1] In certain habitats, if the scar has sufficient water, or as an oxbow lake fills with sediment, these areas may become marshes or wetlands.[8]

References

Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press dictionary of science and technology, Gulf Professional Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0-12-200400-0, page 1333
Robert Latimer Bates, Julia A. Jackson, American Geological Institute, Dictionary of geological terms, Random House, Inc., 1984, ISBN 0-385-18101-9, page 315
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Geography, M.S. Rao, 2005, ISBN 81-7488-154-9, page 745
Jesse V. Howell, Glossary of geology and related sciences: a cooperative project of the American Geological Institute, 1960, page 180
Ann Bowen, John Pallister, Understanding GCSE Geography, page 40, Heinemann, 2006, ISBN 0-435-35171-0
Stephen Codrington, Planet geography, Solid Star Press, 2005, ISBN 0-9579819-3-7, page 158
Gregorich, Soil and environmental science dictionary, CRC Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8493-3115-3, page 221
Ritter, Michael E., The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography, 2006, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-02-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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[morris-1] Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press dictionary of science and technology, Gulf Professional Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0-12-200400-0, page 1333

[dict-2] Robert Latimer Bates, Julia A. Jackson, American Geological Institute, Dictionary of geological terms, Random House, Inc., 1984, ISBN 0-385-18101-9, page 315

[3] Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Geography, M.S. Rao, 2005, ISBN 81-7488-154-9, page 745

[4] Jesse V. Howell, Glossary of geology and related sciences: a cooperative project of the American Geological Institute, 1960, page 180

[gcse-5] Ann Bowen, John Pallister, Understanding GCSE Geography, page 40, Heinemann, 2006, ISBN 0-435-35171-0

[6] Stephen Codrington, Planet geography, Solid Star Press, 2005, ISBN 0-9579819-3-7, page 158

[7] Gregorich, Soil and environmental science dictionary, CRC Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8493-3115-3, page 221

[8] Ritter, Michael E., The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography, 2006, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-02-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)