Melaleuca wilsonii

Melaleuca wilsonii, commonly known as Wilson's honey-myrtle or violet honey-myrtle, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, native to parts of South Australia and Victoria. It is a shrub with narrow, pointed leaves and heads of purplish-pink flowers on the sides of the branches. It is adaptable to a wide range of soils, frost hardy and often cultivated.

Wilson's honey-myrtle
M. wilsonii (cultivated) in Maranoa Gardens, Victoria
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Melaleuca
Species:
M. wilsonii
Binomial name
Melaleuca wilsonii

Description

Melaleuca wilsonii is a dense shrub growing to 2 m (7 ft) high and often spreading to 3 m (10 ft) wide with rough, flaky or corky bark. The leaves are arranged in alternating pairs (decussate) and are 8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long, 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide and taper to a point.[1][2]

Flowers occur on the older wood in clusters up to 10 cm (4 in) long, 25 mm (1 in) in diameter and are pale to dark pink or lilac in colour. The stamens are arranged in bundles of five around each flower with 6 to 15 stamens per bundle. The petals are brown, 2.8–3.3 mm (0.11–0.13 in) and deciduous. Flowers appear from October to December but mainly in the first weeks of November and the fruit which follow are woody capsules 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.14 in) long and scaly with the sepals remaining as teeth on the fruit.[1][2][3][4][5]

Decussate leaf phyllotaxis M. wilsonii (San Diego Botanic Garden)

Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca wilsonii was first formally described in 1861 by Victorian State Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected by Reverend Julian Tenison-Woods in desert country near Tatiara and in the desert around Lake Hindmarsh by John Dallachy.[6][7] The specific epithet (wilsonii) is a reference to a Charles Wilson, a friend of Mueller who apparently had some role in drawing the species to the botanist's attention.[2][5] It is a member of Melaleuca, a large and diverse genus whose members range from large trees such as M. quinquenervia, to small shrubs.[8]

M. wilsonii inflorescence showing deciduous brown petals, small green sepals and stamen bundles.

Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca occurs from the south-east corner of South Australia to western and central Victoria. It grows in seasonally flooded and poorly drained soils in open scrubland, eucalypt forest and mallee heath.[2][4]

Uses

Horticulture

This species is often cultivated,[1] thriving in light to heavy soils and preferring a sunny, well-drained position. It is frost- and drought tolerant.[1][9] It may flower less in humid areas and the flowers that appear wilt quickly.[8] It was brought into cultivation in England in 1874 and is rarely seen in the United States.[8] The flowers attract birds and insects.[8] It is highly regarded as a horticultural subject.[10] Melaleuca wilsonii can be propagated by seed or cutting.[8]

Essential oils

The leaves of this shrub contain monoterpenes including 1,8-cineole but the amount is low.[2]

References
  1. Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 312–313. ISBN 1876334983.
  2. Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. p. 389. ISBN 9781922137517.
  3. "Melaleuca wilsonii". Australian native plant society (Australia). Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  4. "Violet honey-myrtle". Victoria government department of environment and primary industries. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  5. Beeton, Irene. "Melaleuca wilsonii". Australian national botanic gardens. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  6. "Melaleuca wilsonii". APNI. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  7. Mueller, Ferdinand (1860). Fragmenta phytographie Australiae. Melbourne. p. 124. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  8. Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake. Trevor (1993). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation:Volume 6 - K-M. Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. pp. 315–18, 375. ISBN 0-85091-589-9.
  9. Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray (1983). Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping (2nd ed.). Sydney: Collins. p. 86. ISBN 0002165759.
  10. Walters, Brian (November 2007). "Melaleuca wilsonii". Plant Guide. Australian Native Plants Society. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
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