Melaniparus

Melaniparus
	Melaniparus rufiventris (Rufous-bellied tit)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Paridae
Genus:	Melaniparus; Bonaparte, 1850
Species
	See text

Melaniparus is a genus of birds in the tit family. The species were formerly placed in the speciose genus Parus but were moved to Melaniparus based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2013 that showed that the members formed a distinct clade.[1] The genus Melaniparus had originally been introduced by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1850.[2] The type species was subsequently designated as the southern black tit (Melaniparus niger).[3][4] The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek melas, melanos "black" and the genus Parus introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.[5]

The following species, all from Africa and mostly having dark plumage, have been placed in the genus:[6]

Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
Melaniparus guineensis	White-shouldered black tit	Africa from Senegal in the west to Kenya and Ethiopia in the east
Melaniparus leucomelas	White-winged black tit	central Africa, from Angola in the west to Ethiopia in the east
Melaniparus niger	Southern black tit	Angola to the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Melaniparus carpi	Carp's tit	Angola and Namibia
Melaniparus albiventris	White-bellied tit	Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
Melaniparus leuconotus	White-backed black tit	Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Melaniparus funereus	Dusky tit	Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, and Uganda
Melaniparus rufiventris	Rufous-bellied tit	Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Namibia and Botswana
Melaniparus pallidiventris	Cinnamon-breasted tit	Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe
Melaniparus fringillinus	Red-throated tit	Kenya and Tanzania
Melaniparus fasciiventer	Stripe-breasted tit	Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda.
Melaniparus thruppi	Acacia tit or Somali Tit	Ethiopia and Somalia south to north eastern Tanzania
Melaniparus griseiventris	Miombo tit	Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Melaniparus cinerascens	Ashy tit	Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
Melaniparus afer	Grey tit	Lesotho and South Africa

References

Johansson, U.S.; Ekman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Halvarsson, P.; Ohlson, J.I.; Price, T.D.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 852–860. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019. PMID 23831453.
Bonaparte, Charles Lucian (1850). Conspectus Generum Avium (in Latin). Volume 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 228.
Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 38.
Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 432. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

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[1] Johansson, U.S.; Ekman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Halvarsson, P.; Ohlson, J.I.; Price, T.D.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 852–860. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019. PMID 23831453.

[2] Bonaparte, Charles Lucian (1850). Conspectus Generum Avium (in Latin). Volume 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 228.

[3] Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 38.

[4] Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 432. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.

[hbwkey-5] Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 27 February 2019.

[ioc-6] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.