Methanol (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on methanol.

Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Safety Datasheet (SDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. SDS is available at MSDS, J.T. Baker and Loba Chemie

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD 1.328 at 20 °C
Dielectric constant, εr 32.66 at 20 °C
Magnetic susceptibility[1] 5.3×10−7 cm3·g−1
Surface tension 22.5 dyn/cm at 20 °C
Viscosity[2] 0.808 mPa·s at 0 °C
0.690 mPa·s at 10 °C
0.593 mPa·s at 20 °C
0.449 mPa·s at 40 °C
0.349 mPa·s at 60 °C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point 175.5 K (97.7 °C), 1.86·10−1 Pa[3]
Critical point 513 K (240 °C), 78.5 atm
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo
3.1773 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion
, ΔfusSo
18.1 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapHo
37.6 ± 0.5 kJ/mol[4]
Std entropy change
of vaporization
, ΔvapSo
113 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation
, ΔfHosolid
? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid
? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp ? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation
, ΔfHoliquid
238.4 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid
127.2 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo −715.0 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp 70.8–90.5 J/(mol K) (at −97.6 to 64.7 °C)[5]

79.9 J/(mol K) at 20 °C

Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation
, ΔfHogas
−201.3 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas
239.9 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,[6][7] cp 52.29 J/(mol K) at 77 °C
61.43 J/(mol K) at 100–223 °C
Heat capacity ratio,[6][7]
γ = cp/cv
1.203 at 77 °C
van der Waals' constants[8] a = 964.9 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.06702 liter per mole

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax ? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε ?
IR
Major absorption bands[9]
(liquid film)
Wave numbertransmittance
3347 cm16%
3336 cm18%
2945 cm118%
2833 cm122%
2522 cm177%
2046 cm184%
1460 cm147%
1116 cm162%
1030 cm14%
662 cm158%
NMR
Proton NMR 3.97 ppm, 3.417 ppm[9]
Carbon-13 NMR 50.05 ppm[9]
Other NMR data  
MS
Masses of
main fragments
 

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg 1104090400760152038007600152003040045600
T in °C −44.0−16.25.021.249.964.784.0112.5138.0167.8203.5224.0

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.

Methanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses Antoine's equation: from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed.
Log10 of methanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses Antoine's equation: from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed.

Here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures:

log10(P) = −(0.05223)a/T + b, where P is in mmHg, T is in kelvins, a = 38324, and b = 8.8017.

Properties of aqueous methanol solutions

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The annotation, d a°C/b°C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b known as specific gravity. When temperature b is 4 °C, density of water is 0.999972 g/mL.

% wt
methanol
% vol
methanol
d 15.6 °C/4 °Cd 0 °C/4 °Cd 10 °C/4 °Cd 20 °C/4 °Cfreezing
temp °C
000.999080.999840.999700.998200.0
11.250.997280.99810.99800.9965
22.500.995430.99630.99620.9943
33.750.993700.99460.99450.9931
3.950.9938−2.2
44.990.991980.99300.99290.9914
56.220.990290.99140.99120.9896
67.450.988640.98990.98960.9880
78.680.987010.98840.98810.9863
89.910.985470.98700.98650.9847
8.1100.9872−5.0
911.130.985470.98560.98490.9831
1012.350.982410.98420.98340.9815
1113.560.980930.98290.98200.9799
1214.770.979450.98160.98050.9784
12.2150.9810−8.3
1315.980.978020.98040.97910.9768
1417.180.976600.97920.97780.9754
1518.380.975180.97800.97640.9740
1619.580.973770.97690.97510.9725
16.4200.975−11.7
1720.770.972370.97580.97390.9710
1821.960.970960.97470.97260.9696
1923.150.969550.97360.97130.9681
2024.330.968140.97250.97000.9666
20.6250.968−15.6
2125.510.966730.97140.96870.9651
2226.690.965330.97020.96730.9636
2327.860.963920.96900.96600.9622
2429.030.962510.96780.96460.9607
24.9300.964−20.0
2530.190.961080.96660.96320.9592
2631.350.959630.96540.96280.9576
2732.510.958170.96420.96040.9562
2833.660.956680.96290.95900.9546
2934.810.955180.96160.95750.9531
29.2350.957−25.0
3035.950.953660.96040.95600.9515
3137.090.952130.95900.95460.9499
3238.220.950560.95760.95310.9483
3339.350.948960.95630.95160.9466
33.6400.950−30.0
3440.480.947340.95490.95000.9450
3541.590.945700.95340.94840.9433
3642.710.944040.95200.94690.9416
3743.820.942370.95050.94530.9398
3844.920.940670.94900.94370.9381−35.6
3946.020.938940.94750.94200.9363
4047.110.937200.94590.94030.9345
4148.200.935430.94430.93870.9327
4249.280.933650.94270.93700.9309
4350.350.931850.94110.93520.9290
4451.420.930010.93950.93340.9272
4552.490.928150.93770.93160.9252
4653.540.926270.93600.92980.9234
4754.600.924360.93420.92790.9214
4855.640.922420.93240.92600.9196
4956.680.920480.93060.92400.9176
5057.710.918520.92870.92210.9156
5158.740.916530.92690.92020.9135
5259.760.914510.92500.91820.9114
5360.770.912480.92300.91620.9094
5461.780.910440.92110.91420.9073
5562.780.908390.91910.91220.9052
5663.780.906310.91720.91010.9032
5764.770.904210.91510.90800.9010
5865.750.902100.91310.90600.8988
5966.730.899960.91110.90390.8968
6067.690.897810.90900.90180.8946
6168.650.895630.90680.89980.8924
6269.610.893410.90460.89770.8902
6370.550.891170.90240.89550.8879
6471.490.888900.90020.89330.8856
6572.420.886620.89800.89110.8834
6673.340.884330.89580.88880.8811
6774.260.882030.89350.88650.8787
6875.170.879710.89130.88420.8763
6976.080.877390.88910.88180.8738
7076.980.875070.88690.87940.8715
7177.860.872710.88470.87700.8690
7278.750.870330.88240.87470.8665
7379.620.867920.88010.87240.8641
7480.480.865460.87780.86990.8616
7581.340.863000.87540.86760.8592
7682.180.860510.87290.86510.8567
7783.020.858010.87050.86260.8542
7883.860.855510.86800.86020.8518
7984.680.853000.86570.85770.8494
8085.500.850480.86340.85510.8469
8186.310.847940.86100.85270.8446
8287.110.845360.85850.85010.8420
8387.900.842740.85600.84750.8394
8488.680.840090.85350.84490.8366
8589.450.837420.85100.84220.8340
8690.210.834750.84830.83940.8314
8790.970.832070.84560.83670.8286
8891.720.829370.84280.83400.8258
8992.460.826670.84000.83140.8230
9093.190.823960.83740.82870.8202
9193.920.821240.83470.82610.8174
9294.630.818490.83200.82340.8146
9395.330.815680.82930.82080.8118
9496.020.812850.82660.81800.8090
9596.700.809990.82400.81520.8062
9697.370.807130.82120.81240.8034
9798.040.804280.81860.80960.8005
9898.700.801430.81580.80680.7976
9999.350.798590.81300.80400.7948
1001000.7920.81020.80090.7917−97.8
% wt
methanol
% vol
methanol
d 15.6 °C/4 °Cd 0 °C/4 °Cd 10 °C/4 °Cd 20 °C/4 °Cfreezing
temp °C

Distillation data

Vapor–liquid equilibrium
of methanol/water
[10]
P = 760 mm Hg; T = 72.4 °C − 100.0 °C
BP
temp.
°C
% by mole methanol
liquidvapor
100.000.00.0
99.250.58404.5705
96.91.211.4
95.72.615.7
92.25.029.3
90.157.3836.65
87.510.243.0
86.5011.7648.55
84.814.051.4
84.315.052.2
82.917.556.0
81.520.059.0
78.030.067.5
75.440.073.5
73.747.376.5
72.652.679.4
72.454.080.1
   
Vapor–liquid equilibrium
of methanol/water
[10]
P = 760 mm Hg; T = 64.6 °C − 72.0 °C
BP
temp.
°C
% by mole methanol
liquidvapor
72.056.580.5
71.558.581.6
71.460.083.1
70.666.285.7
69.967.586.5
69.670.087.4
69.171.487.8
67.880.091.8
66.985.093.0
66.5088.0894.17
66.289.095.6
66.190.096.1
65.792.096.5
65.495.098.1
64.9596.5795.69
64.7098.7197.78
64.6100.0100.0
   
Vapor–liquid equilibrium
of methanol/ethanol
[10]
P = 760 mm Hg
BP
temp.
°C
% by mole methanol
liquidvapor
78.30.00.0
76.613.418.3
75.024.232.6
73.632.042.8
72.340.152.9
71.743.556.6
70.054.267.6
68.665.275.9
67.772.881.3
66.979.085.8
66.681.487.5
65.887.391.9
65.691.093.7
64.6100.0100.0

References

  1. NMR-002: Sample Devices and Magnetic Susceptibility.
  2. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1669–1674.
  3. http://www.ddbst.com/en/EED/PCP/VAP_C110.php
  4. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C67561&Mask=4
  5. GmbH, DDBST. "Molar Heat Capacity (cP) of Methanol from Dortmund Data Bank". www.ddbst.com. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  6. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp. 1525–1528.
  7. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. pp. 2582–2584.
  8. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp. 1522–1524.
  9. "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds". Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Archived from the original (Queriable database) on 5 May 2006. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
  10. "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 7 May 2007.

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

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