Michael Apter

Michael J. Apter (born 17 June 1939)[1] is a British psychologist who was born in England and grew up in Bristol. He was educated at Clifton College (1965) and at Bristol University where he gained both his Bachelor of Science degree and his Doctorate in Psychology in 1965,[2] having also spent a doctoral year at Princeton University. He taught for twenty years at Cardiff University in Wales and has since held invited positions at Purdue University, the University of Chicago, Yale University, University of Toulouse,[3] and Georgetown University.[4] He also taught at Northwestern University where he received a teaching award.[5] He has held visiting positions at several additional universities and is a chartered psychologist and fellow of the British Psychological Society.[6]

Michael Apter
Apter in 2017
Born
Michael John Apter

(1939-06-17) 17 June 1939
Stockton-on-Tees, England
Alma mater
Known forResearch in motivation, personality, reversal theory
Scientific career
FieldsPsychology, Artificial Intelligence
Institutions
Doctoral advisorFrank Honywill George

On the research side,[7] he was a pioneer in the sixties in the development of cybernetics and wrote several books in this area, one of which[8] was reprinted in 2018 as a classic in artificial intelligence.

He is best known as the principal originator of reversal theory – a general psychological theory of motivation, emotion and personality, on which he has written extensively. Reversal theory has spawned close to thirty books, hundreds of research papers, nineteen international conferences,[9] and a journal[10] – The Journal of Motivation, Emotion and Personality: Reversal Theory Studies. The theory has also given rise to new training techniques;[11] training companies[12][13] in four countries that use his methods bear the Apter name.

Selected works
  • Apter M.J. (1966) Cybernetics and Development. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-011431-6
  • Apter, Michael J. (1982) The Experience of Motivation: The Theory of Psychological Reversals, London Academic Press. ISBN 0-12058920-6
  • Apter, Michael J. (1992) The Dangerous Edge: The Psychology of Excitement. New York. The Free Press. ISBN 0-02900765-8
  • Apter Michael J. (2001) (Ed) Motivational Styles in Everyday Life. A Guide to Reversal Theory. Washington D.C.: American Psychology Association. ISBN 1-55798-739-4
  • Apter M. (2007) Reversal Theory: The Dynamics of Motivation, Emotion and Personality 2nd, Edition. Oxford: Oneworld. ISBN 978-1851684809
  • Apter, Michael J. (2018) Zigzag: Reversal and Paradox in Human Personality. Leicestershire U.K.: Matador. ISBN 978-1788038867

References
  1. Chapman, A.J.; Conroy, W.; Sheehy, N. (2002). Biographical Dictionary of Psychology. Routledge. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  2. Apter, Michael. "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF).
  3. "Michael J. Apter". Oneworld Publications. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  4. "Human Resources". Georgetown University. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  5. "About". Michael Apter. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  6. Perks, Julie. "Oral History Project". History of Psychology Centre. The British Psychological Society. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  7. "Curriculum Vitae 2018". Michael Apter. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  8. Apter, Michael J. (2018). The Computer Simulation of Behaviour. Milton: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-02100-5. OCLC 1037817607.
  9. "Conferences". Reversal Theory. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  10. "Journal Directory". Journal of Motivation, Emotion, and Personality: Reversal Theory Studies. doi:10.12689/jmep. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  11. Robson, Rob. "The Apter Framework: The Dynamics of Motivation and Emotion". The Association for Business Psychology. The Association for Business Psychology. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  12. "Apter Solutions". Apter Solutions. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  13. "8 Connect". 8 Connect People. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
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