Missulena occatoria

Missulena occatoria, known as the red-headed mouse spider, is found in Southern Australia,[1] from open forest to desert shrubland. It is the largest (females up to 24 mm, males up to 12 mm) and most widely distributed Missulena species, because the spiderlings are wind-dispersed (ballooning). Normally this only occurs with araneomorph spiders, mygalomorph spiders normally disperse by walking. Missulena venom may be very toxic, but few cases of serious envenomation have been recorded. Most recorded bites only caused minor effects, with Australian funnel-web spider antivenom having proved effective as a treatment.[2]

Red-headed mouse spider
Male
Female
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Actinopodidae
Genus: Missulena
Species:
M. occatoria
Binomial name
Missulena occatoria
Synonyms[1]
  • Eriodon occatorium Lucas, 1865
  • Eriodon formidabile O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869
  • Eriodon rubrocapitatum Keyserling, 1875
  • Eriodon rugosum Ausserer, 1875
  • Eriodon formidabilis Hogg, 1901
  • Eriodon rugosa Hogg, 1901
  • Eriodon rubrocapitata Hogg, 1901
  • Eriodon occatoria (Walckenaer, 1805)
  • Missulena rubriceps Strand, 1907

The spiders dig a burrow up to 55 cm deep, with two trapdoors.

While the females are black with a red tinge, the males have a bright red head and jaws, and a gunmetal blue-black abdomen.

Taxonomy

M. occatoria was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Some confusion exists between this species and M. insignis. For example, H. Womersley in 1943 regarded Actinopus formosus as a synonym of M. occatoria,[3] whereas Barbara York Main in 1985 treated it as a synonym of M. insignis,[4] the position adopted by the World Spider Catalog.[5] She considered that Womersley had partly confused M. occatoria and M. insignis, with M. occatoria only occurring in eastern Australia.[4] According to Framenau et al., the two cannot be differentiated based on the original description.[6]

References
  1. "Taxon details Missulena occatoria Walckenaer, 1805", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-03-15
  2. Australian Museum: Red-headed Mouse Spider, Missulena occatoria
  3. Womersley, H. (1943), "A revision of the spiders of the genus Missulena Walckenaer 1805", Records of the South Australian Museum, 7: 249–269
  4. Main, B.Y. (1985), "Mygalomorphae", in Walton, D.W. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 3, Canberra: Bureau of Flora and Fauna, pp. 1–48
  5. "Taxon details Missulena insignis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877)", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-03-15
  6. Framenau, V.; Miglio, L.; Harms, D. & Harvey, M. (2014), "Four new Mouse Spider species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae, Missulena) from Western Australia", ZooKeys, 410: 121–148, doi:10.3897/zookeys.410.7156, PMC 4042711, PMID 24899853
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