Mount Moriah Cemetery (South Dakota)

Mount Moriah Cemetery on Mount Moriah in Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota is the burial place of Wild Bill Hickok, Calamity Jane, Seth Bullock and other notable figures of the Wild West. By tradition, the American flag flies over the cemetery 24 hours a day, rather than merely from sunrise to sunset.[1]

For other uses, see Moriah (disambiguation).
Mount Moriah Cemetery
Steve and Charlie Utter at the grave of Wild Bill Hickok.
Details
Location
Deadwood, South Dakota
CountryUnited States
Coordinates44.376°N 103.725°W / 44.376; -103.725

In the early years of Deadwood, there were two graveyards: The Ingelside Cemetery, which was part of the way up Mount Moriah and was filled quickly in the first few years it was open, and the Catholic Cemetery. Many prospectors, miners, settlers, prostitutes and children were buried within the Ingelside Cemetery, alongside Wild Bill Hickok and Preacher Smith.[2]

In the 1880s it was determined that the land where Ingelside Cemetery was located could be better used for housing. Most of the bodies there were moved up the mountain to Mount Moriah and re-interred. However, since many graves were unmarked or unknown some were not moved. Today it is not uncommon for people working in their garden or remodelling a basement or shed to find human bones as a leftover from the Ingelside Cemetery days.[3]

Mount Moriah's main attraction is Wild Bill's gravesite. Calamity Jane and Potato Creek Johnny are buried next to him.[4]

Cemetery sections

The Cemetery has many different distinct sections in it. There are four different sections in the graveyard labelled Potter's field, where the graves of unknown people or settlers that came from Ingelside were buried without a stone or marker. There is a Jewish section of the graveyard as there was a large Jewish community in early Deadwood and they were afforded more rights and equality in the rough frontier town than other places in the country at the time. Many of the inscriptions are written in Hebrew. Sol Star, a partner of Seth Bullock, was a member of this early Jewish community.[5]

One section is labelled as a Mass Grave site. A fire burned down a lumber mill killing eleven men sleeping there at the time. Another section is labelled the children's section, due to the large number of children buried in Mount Moriah that died from the typhus, cholera and smallpox outbreaks.

Deadwood was home to a sizable number of Chinese that settled into the area during the gold rush, with an estimated 400 living in the city proper. The first recorded Chinese burial in Mount Moriah occurred on September 1, 1878.[6] Over the next fifty years, approximately 33 Chinese would be buried in the cemetery. In 1908, representatives from the Chinese community received permission to construct a burner and altar in Section Six, where the largest number of Chinese were interred. The burner and altar was used for offerings intended for the departed spirits in accordance to their customs.[7] However, because of the desire to be sent back to China, most of the bodies were disinterred. There are only three Chinese graves left in the cemetery, even though official signage lists as two. The three tombstones read: "會大毓坟" (Grave of Hui Tian Fei), Wong Ngan Oi ("January 27, 1915, Age 15 yrs."), and a child of Fee Lee Wong (Born in Deadwood, SD. Died March 20, 1899").[8]

In addition there is a veterans section, where many Civil War and Indian War veterans are buried with gravestones supplied by the United States government at the request of their families.[9]

References
  1. Straub, Patrick (10 November 2009). It Happened in South Dakota: Remarkable Events That Shaped History. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7627-6171-5.
  2. Turner, Thadd (February 2001). Wild Bill Hickok: Deadwood City - End of Trail. Universal-Publishers. pp. 219–220. ISBN 978-1-58112-689-1.
  3. Shadley, Mark; Wennes, Josh (4 September 2012). Haunted Deadwood: A True Wild West Ghost Town. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. pp. 70–72. ISBN 978-1-61423-675-7.
  4. Bidwell, Laural A. (10 December 2013). Moon Mount Rushmore & the Black Hills: Including the Badlands. Avalon Travel Publishing. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-1-61238-081-0.
  5. Rochlin, Harriet (1984). Pioneer Jews: A New Life in the Far West. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-395-31832-4.
  6. "Historical Development of Mount Moriah" (PDF).
  7. Griffith, Tom. "Deadwood tapping into its Chinese heritage". Rapid City Journal Media Group. Retrieved 2019-06-11.
  8. Hafnor, John (1 May 2002). Black Hills Believables: Strange-but-ture Tales of the Old West. John Hafnor. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-9648175-0-0.
  9. Project, South Dakota Federal Writers (1 May 2006). The WPA Guide to South Dakota. Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 110–112. ISBN 978-0-87351-552-8.
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