Muraltia

Muraltia is a genus of plants in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) which is native to Southern and Eastern Africa.[2][3][4] Most species are endemic to South Africa and 1 species is naturalized in Australia.[5] It is named after Johnnes von Muralt, a Swiss botanist and surgeon.[6]

Muraltia
Muraltia bolusii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Polygalaceae
Tribe: Polygaleae
Genus: Muraltia
DC. 1815
Type species
Muraltia heisteria
(L.) DC.
Synonyms[1]
  • Heisteria L. ex P. J. Bergius 1767, non Jacq. 1760
  • Mundia Kunth 1821 [1823]
  • Mundtia (Goldblatt & J.C. Manning) W. Harvey in W. Harvey & O. Sonder 1860, orth. var.
  • Nylandtia Dumort. 1822

In 2006, the genus Nylandtia, which contained 2 species, was merged into Muraltia.[7] The 2 species formerly part of Nylandtia, Muraltia scoparia and Muraltia spinosa. Nylandtia are commonly known as "Tortoise berry" plants ("skilpadbessie"). This is because of the bright edible berries that they produce, which are relished by the tortoise species of the fynbos.[1]

Description

Muraltia are perennial, ericoid shrublets or shrubs. Their small flowers and sessile or have short stalks.[8] usually have 3 petals and 5 sepals which are usually subequal. Their fruits contain 2 seeds. Their capsules are flat, membranous, and usually 4-horned. Its seeds are pubescent.[4][9]

Species

As of July 2020, there are 118 accepted Muraltia species:[4]

  • Muraltia acerosa
  • Muraltia acicularis
  • Muraltia acipetala
  • Muraltia aciphylla
  • Muraltia alba
  • Muraltia alopecuroides
  • Muraltia alticola
  • Muraltia angulosa
  • Muraltia angustiflora
  • Muraltia arachnoidea
  • Muraltia aspalatha
  • Muraltia aspalathoides
  • Muraltia asparagifolia
  • Muraltia barkerae
  • Muraltia bolusii
  • Muraltia bondii
  • Muraltia brachyceras
  • Muraltia brachypetala
  • Muraltia caledonensis
  • Muraltia calycina
  • Muraltia capensis
  • Muraltia carnosa
  • Muraltia chamaepitys
  • Muraltia ciliaris
  • Muraltia cliffortiifolia
  • Muraltia collina
  • Muraltia commutata
  • Muraltia comptonii
  • Muraltia concava
  • Muraltia crassifolia
  • Muraltia curvipetala
  • Muraltia cuspifolia
  • Muraltia cyclolopha
  • Muraltia decipiens
  • Muraltia demissa
  • Muraltia depressa
  • Muraltia diabolica
  • Muraltia dispersa
  • Muraltia divaricata
  • Muraltia dumosa
  • Muraltia elsieae
  • Muraltia empetroides
  • Muraltia empleuridioides
  • Muraltia ericifolia
  • Muraltia ericoides
  • Muraltia ferox
  • Muraltia filiformis
  • Muraltia flanaganii
  • Muraltia gillettiae
  • Muraltia guthriei
  • Muraltia harveyana
  • Muraltia heisteria
  • Muraltia hirsuta
  • Muraltia horrida
  • Muraltia hyssopifolia
  • Muraltia juniperifolia
  • Muraltia karroica
  • Muraltia knysnaensis
  • Muraltia lancifolia
  • Muraltia langebergensis
  • Muraltia leptorhiza
  • Muraltia lewisiae
  • Muraltia lignosa
  • Muraltia longicuspis
  • Muraltia macowanii
  • Muraltia macrocarpa
  • Muraltia macroceras
  • Muraltia macropetala
  • Muraltia minuta
  • Muraltia mitior
  • Muraltia mixta
  • Muraltia montana
  • Muraltia muirii
  • Muraltia muraltioides
  • Muraltia mutabilis
  • Muraltia namaquensis
  • Muraltia obovata
  • Muraltia occidentalis
  • Muraltia ononidifolia
  • Muraltia orbicularis
  • Muraltia origanoides
  • Muraltia oxysepala
  • Muraltia pageae
  • Muraltia paludosa
  • Muraltia pappeana
  • Muraltia pauciflora
  • Muraltia pillansii
  • Muraltia plumosa
  • Muraltia polyphylla
  • Muraltia pottebergensis
  • Muraltia pubescens
  • Muraltia pungens
  • Muraltia rara
  • Muraltia rhamnoides
  • Muraltia rigida
  • Muraltia rosmarinifolia
  • Muraltia rubeacea
  • Muraltia salsolacea
  • Muraltia satureioides
  • Muraltia saxicola
  • Muraltia schlechteri
  • Muraltia scoparia Goldblatt & Manning[10]
  • Muraltia serpylloides
  • Muraltia serrata
  • Muraltia spicata
  • Muraltia spinosa Dumort.[11]
  • Muraltia splendens
  • Muraltia squarrosa
  • Muraltia stenophylla
  • Muraltia stipulacea
  • Muraltia tenuifolia
  • Muraltia thunbergii
  • Muraltia thymifolia
  • Muraltia trinervia
  • Muraltia vulnerans
  • Muraltia vulpina

References
  1. Forest, Félix; Manning, John C. (2006). "Evidence for inclusion of South African endemic Nylandtia in Muraltia (Polygalaceae)". Syst Bot. 31 (3): 525–532. doi:10.1600/036364406778388566. JSTOR 25064182.
  2. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  3. Forest F, Nänni I, Chase MW, Crane PR, Hawkins JA (2007). "Diversification of a large genus in a continental biodiversity hotspot: Temporal and spatial origin of Muraltia (Polygalaceae) in the Cape of South Africa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (1): 60–74. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.017. PMID 17049279.
  4. "Muraltia DC". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  5. "Fact sheet for Muraltia". Electronic Flora of South Australia. Government of South Africa. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  6. Hermanus Botanical Society. "Muraltia minuta". Fernkloof Nature Reserve. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  7. Forest, Félix; Manning, John C. (2006). "Evidence for Inclusion of South African Endemic Nylandtia in Muraltia (Polygalaceae)". Systematic Botany. 31 (3): 525–532. doi:10.1600/036364406778388566. ISSN 0363-6445. JSTOR 25064182.
  8. "Flora of New South Wales". no.112. Government Printer. 1978. Retrieved July 13, 2020. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. "Muraltia". Flora of Victoria. Government of Victoria, Australia. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  10. "Nylandtia scoparia".
  11. "Nylandtia spinosa".


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