Muriqui, Mangaratiba

Muriqui (also known as Vila Muriqui) is a district[4] of the municipality of Mangaratiba, located within the Greater Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is part of the Green Coast. Highway BR-101 passes through the district.

Muriqui

Vila Muriqui
District
Panoramic view of Muriqui
Location in Mangaratiba
Muriqui
Location in Rio de Janeiro
Coordinates: 22°55′33.8″S 43°56′52.2″W
Country Brazil
State Rio de Janeiro
Municipality/City Mangaratiba
Establishedc. 1597
Incorporated (district)December 1, 1949
Named forMuriqui spider monkeys
Area
 • Total38.0268 km2 (14.6822 sq mi)
 [lower-alpha 1]
Elevation
[2] (Posto de Saúde Muriqui)
5 m (16 ft)
Highest elevation
[2][3] (Serra de Muriqui)
1,226 m (4,022 ft)
Lowest elevation
[2] (Praia de Muriqui)
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2010)[1]
 • Total10,241
 • Density269.31/km2 (697.5/sq mi)
DemonymsVila-muriquiense; muriquiense
Sex ratio (2010)
 • Female5,225 (51.02%)
 • Male5,016 (48.98%)
Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
Websitewww.mangaratiba.rj.gov.br/novoportal/distritos/muriqui.html

The district has a patron saint, the Blessed Virgin Mary (Portuguese: Nossa Senhora das Graças).[5] Since the 1950s, the local parish has celebrated annually on the 27th of November, the date Catherine Labouré reportedly had a vision of her in 1830.[6]

Etymology

The district was named after muriquis, a genus of spider monkeys.[7] The name "muriqui" itself comes from a corruption of the word myraqui, of the Tupi language, with the alternates buriqui, barigui and baregui.[8] According to Alcides Pissinatti, in "Management of Muriquis in Captivity" (2005):[9]

Its approximate meaning is "people that swing as they come and go" and it refers particularly to the large, pale brown monkeys that inhabit forests along Brazil's Atlantic coast, initially assigned the scientific name of Ateles hypoxanthus by Wied-Neuwied (1958).

However, according to von Martius' glossary, the word comes from the Tupi words jemoroo ("to nourish"; muru, "nutrient") and aiké (a contraction of aikobê: "to have", "to exist").[10]

History

Colonial era

Prior to 1567, all land that now belongs to Mangaratiba – including modern-day Muriqui – was part of the freguesia of Angra dos Reis, under the Captaincy of São Vicente. After that date, those lands became part of the (Royal) Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro.[11] In 1568, the colonization of the region of modern-day Mangaratiba begins through the distribution of land to the Sá family.[12]

At some point before 1598 – the year Francisco de Mendonça e Vasconcelos came to Rio de Janeiro to take office as governor – Salvador Correia de Sá finished building a new engenho (the fifth sugarcane mill of Rio de Janeiro).[13] As per the recounting of Anthony Knivet:[14]

[...] the same yeere (1598) there came Francisco de mondunsa de vesconsales (Francisco de Mendonça e Vasconcelos) for Governour to my Masters place, that day the Hulke which the new Governour was in, came to the mouth of the Haven, the Governour Salvador Corea de Sasa (Salvador Correia de Sá) was at a Sugar-mil that he had newly finished.

According to Vieira de Mello, this engenho was located in Itacuruçá,[13] the district which Muriqui was part of until the middle of the 20th century, and thus became known as "Engenho of Itacuruçá" (Portuguese: Engenho de Itacuruçá). Additionally, Mirian Bondim claims that this engenho was located in the same place as modern-day Muriqui,[15] and it is referred to by the Mangaratiba town hall as the first construction in Mangaratiba land.[16]

On 8 June 1652, D. Suzana Peixoto and her husband, Dom José Rendon[lower-alpha 2] de Quebedo, exchanged an engenho they owned in Irajá, known as "Engenho Fumaça", for the Engenho of Itacuruçá and some farms in Mangaratiba. Prior to this exchange, the governor of Rio de Janeiro Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides (son of Martim Correia de Sá and grandson of Salvador Correia de Sá)[17] owned the Engenho of Itacuruçá.[15][18][19]

  • Map of a part of the state of Rio de Janeiro, c. 1666, making no mention of Muriqui.
  • A 1767 map portraying a settlement in Muriqui.

Late modern period

As a part of a series of expansions to the Central Railway of Brazil (Portuguese: Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil), on 7 November 1914, the Muriqui train station was inaugurated.[7]

On 1 December 1949, via a legislative decree, the district of vila de Muriqui is delimited on land previously belonging to the district of Itacuruçá, and annexed to the municipality of Mangaratiba.[20]

Population
Population pyramid 2010[1]
% Males Age Females %
0.19
 
 85+
 
 0.43
0.47
 
 80–84
 
 0.61
0.69
 
 75–79
 
 0.87
1.29
 
 70–74
 
 1.35
1.98
 
 65–69
 
 1.79
2.42
 
 60–64
 
 2.64
2.50
 
 55–59
 
 2.74
3.23
 
 50–54
 
 3.41
3.13
 
 45–49
 
 3.82
3.42
 
 40–44
 
 3.46
3.50
 
 35–39
 
 3.91
3.93
 
 30–34
 
 3.89
3.67
 
 25–29
 
 3.97
3.68
 
 20–24
 
 3.40
3.71
 
 15–19
 
 4.22
4.82
 
 10–14
 
 3.97
3.36
 
 5–9
 
 3.48
2.98
 
 0–4
 
 3.09
Population census
YearPop.±%
1950983—    
19601,885+91.8%
19702,366+25.5%
19803,380+42.9%
19914,345+28.6%
20006,095+40.3%
201010,241+68.0%
Note: The 1940's census contains no reference to Vila Muriqui, as Muriqui only officially became a district in 1949.
Source: IBGE

Administration
Muriqui's administrative office

Being a district of the larger municipality of Mangaratiba, Muriqui is subject to the administration of Mangaratiba's prefecture – i.e. its mayor and municipal government. However, a subprefecture dedicated exclusively to Muriqui exists.

The following is a list of heads ("subprefeitos") of the subprefecture of Muriqui:

Heads of the subprefecture of Muriqui
NameNominatedExoneratedDuration
Demócrito Reginaldo1 August 2011[21]??
Demócrito Reginaldo1 February 2013[22]1 May 2015[23]2 years and 3 months
Antônio Marcos de Moura1 February 2017[24]1 July 2018[25]1 year and 5 months
Adilson dos Santos1 August 2018[26]??
Fabrícia Guerhardt20 November 2018[27]1 April 2019[28]4 months and 12 days
Adilson dos Santos1 April 2019[28]2 January 2020[29]9 months and 1 day

Fauna and Flora

Muriqui is surrounded mostly by Atlantic Forest, which heavily influences its fauna and flora.[3][30]

Hydrography
View of the Muriqui beach

Beaches

Muriqui has direct access to the Atlantic Ocean through the Muriqui beach (Portuguese: Praia de Muriqui), located to the west of Sepetiba Bay (Portuguese: Baía de Sepetiba). In terms of balneability, the Muriqui beach has been mostly deemed improper for bathing,[31] although there have been recent efforts in an attempt to clean Mangaratiba rivers and beaches.[32]

Rivers
Rio Catumbi's estuary.

Muriqui is centered between two rivers, with Rio Catumbi to the east and Rio Muriqui (sometimes called Rio da Prata)[33] to the west.[34]

To mitigate the risk of flooding, both rivers are periodically dredged by the district's subprefecture.[35][36][37]

Culture

Folklore

Muriqui has its own folklore, limited to the region, and separate from the national-level folklore.

The story of the "Vieira Wind" (Portuguese: Vento Vieira) is part of the oral tradition of the district. The tale is usually related to the high-speed winds in the area during winter (roughly in the period from the end of August to the start of September).[38][39]

According to the Brazilian Archaeology Institute (Portuguese: Instituto de Arqueologia Brasileira, shortened IAB), there are two different versions of the story.[6] The first and more common one, which has been retold by Mangaratiba's official culture manager Fundação Mario Peixoto,[40] was described by local newspaper Jornal Litoral in 2015 as follows:[41]

Entre Agosto e Setembro existe um vento forte que os pioneiros habitantes chamaram de Vieira, que segundo a lenda, este morador de Muriqui, pouco antes de morrer, pediu para ser enterrado nas belas montanhas. E quando o mesmo faleceu, os amigos levaram o corpo no caixão para enterrá-lo sem ser nas montanhas. No momento em que vão colocá-lo na sepultura, começou a ventar muito forte, e os amigos com medo, deixaram o caixão e foram para suas casas. No dia seguinte, ao parar o vento voltaram para acabar o enterro, e lá chegando encontraram o caixão vazio. A partir daquele dia todos acreditaram que o vento havia levado o corpo de "VIEIRA" para as montanhas e como não foi enterrado, volta todos os anos para visitar Muriqui, local que ele muito gostava.

Between August and September, there is a very strong wind that the inhabitant pioneers called Vieira. According to the lore, this Muriqui resident, on his deathbed, asked to be buried in the beautiful mountains. When he died, his friends took the body in a coffin to be buried, but not on the mountains. In the middle of the burial, strong winds started blowing, so the friends left the coffin and went to their homes, in fear. The next day, after the wind had stopped, they went back to the burial site to find an empty coffin. From that day on, everyone believed that the wind had taken "VIEIRA"'s body to the mountains and, as he wasn't buried, he comes back every year to visit Muriqui, a place he much liked.

The second version, arguably more grounded in reality, although less common, is as follows:[6]

Um corpo estava sendo velado quando, lá pela madrugada, veio uma ventania tão forte que derrubou o caixão de cima da mesa. O morto, que se chamava Vieira, rolou pelo chão. Duro que nem pedra pesava mais que vivo. Foi uma dificuldade para colocá-lo no caixão. A partir desse dia, apelidaram o vento de "Vieira".

A body was lying in repose when, at dawn, strong winds started blowing and knocked the coffin on the floor. The deceased, whose name was Vieira, tumbled on the floor. Hard as a rock, he weighed more than the living. It was hard to put him in the coffin. From this day forward, the wind was nicknamed "Vieira".

Art

Muriqui is home to an art installation by Japanese artist Mariko Mori called Ring: One With Nature, inaugurated atop the Bride's Veil (Portuguese: Véu da Noiva) waterfall in August 2016 to celebrate the 2016 Summer Olympics.[42] The piece is an acrylic ring that changes in color depending on the position of the sun, and is meant as a representation of a sixth Olympic ring. It measures about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in diameter and weighs around 2 tonnes (4,400 lb).[43][44]

  • View of the art installation from atop the Bride's Veil waterfall.
  • View of the art installation from the base of the waterfall.

Cuisine
A cocada of Muriqui.

Muriqui's most well known delicacy is the cocada (known as Cocada de Muriqui), deemed to be one of the famous sweets of the Mangaratiba cuisine.[45] According to Fabrini dos Santos, a SEBRAE consultant, the cocadas are distinctive enough that they could, at some point, be granted a geographical indication.[46] The district's cocada has existed at least since the construction of the BR-101 highway, and has been sold on its shoulders ever since.[47]

The coconut-based dessert has had such a cultural impact that, in March 2018, the "Cocada Party of Muriqui" (Portuguese: Festa da Cocada do Distrito de Muriqui) was added to the municipality's official event calendar, to be celebrated annually on the last weekend of the month of July.[47]

Notes
  1. Value given for area is not exact; it was calculated by using the known values for population and population density.
  2. Both 'Rendon' and 'Rendom' spellings of the surname can be found.

References
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  2. "Modelo Digital de Elevação - MDE". IBGE. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
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  6. "Levantamento do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial" [Research of the Intangible Cultural Heritage]. Brazilian Archaeology Institute. Programa de Pesquisas Arqueológicas, de Educação Patrimonial, Levantamento do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial e Estudos de Elementos de Arquitetura Histórica na Estrada RJ-149 – Rio Claro-Mangaratiba – Estrada do Imperador (in Portuguese).
  7. Rodriguez, Helio Suêvo (2004). As Formações das Estradas de Ferro no Rio de Janeiro: O Resgate da sua Memória [The Formation of Railroads in Rio de Janeiro: The Rescue of their Memory] (in Portuguese). Memória do Trem. p. 72. ISBN 85-86094-07-2.
  8. Sampaio, Teodoro (1987) [First published 1901]. O Tupi na Geografia Nacional [The Tupi on National Geography]. Brasiliana Eletrônica da UFRJ (in Portuguese). 380. Introduction and notes by Frederico G. Edelweiss (5th ed.). Companhia Editora Nacional. p. 209. ISBN 85-04-00212-8. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
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  32. Neves, Rafaela (2019-12-18). "Prefeitura inicia implantação de fossas biodigestoras" [Town hall starts implementing digesters]. Mangaratiba Town Hall (Portuguese: Prefeitura de Mangaratiba) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  33. Bidegain, Paulo; Pellens, Roseli; Jamel, Carlos Eduardo Goes (July 1998), A Situação Atual dos Espaços Territoriais Protegidos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Parte II [The Current Situation of Protected Territories of the State of Rio de Janeiro: Part II] (in Portuguese), p. 110, retrieved 2020-02-16
  34. Lopes, Monique Oliveira (2014-04-11). Diagnóstico Ambiental dos Rios da Prata e Catumbi e Balneabilidade da Praia: Estudo de Caso em Muriqui, Mangaratiba - Rj (MSc) (in Portuguese). UERJ. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
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  40. "Encerrando a nossa Semana do Folclore, vamos contar a lenda do Vento Vieira" [To end Folklore Week, we'll tell the tale of Vieira Wind]. Fundação Mario Peixoto (in Portuguese). Instagram. 2018-08-24. Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  41. "Curiosidades da cidade: A história do vento Vieira" [City's curiosities: The story of the Vieira wind]. Jornal Litoral (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Mangaratiba. April 2015. p. 12. Retrieved 2020-09-04 – via Issuu.
  42. Plummer, Todd (2016-08-08). "Artist Mariko Mori Explains Her Stunning Rio 2016 Art Installation". Vogue. Retrieved 2020-09-04.
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Bibliography
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