Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), located in the Houston Museum District, Houston, is one of the largest museums in the United States.[2] The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 6,000 years of history with approximately 70,000 works from six continents.[3]

The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Watkin Building
Established1900
Location1001 Bissonnet
Houston, TX 77005 United States
Coordinates29°43′32.5″N 95°23′25.5″W
TypeArt Museum, Institute, Library, Sculpture Park[1]
DirectorGary Tinterow
Public transit access
  Red Line
Museum District
Websitewww.mfah.org

The museum benefits the Houston community through programs, publications and media presentations. Each year, 1.25 million people benefit from museum's programs, workshops and resource centers. Of that total, more than 500,000 people participate in the community outreach programs.

Facilities
Caroline Wiess Law Building
Audrey Jones Beck Building
Glassell School of Art
Gardens at Bayou Bend, donated by Ima Hogg
Rienzi House Museum

The MFAH's permanent collection totals nearly 70,000 pieces in over 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2) of exhibition space,[4] placing it among the larger art museums in the United States. The museum's collections and programs are housed in nine facilities. The Susan and Fayez S. Sarofim Campus encompasses 14 acres including seven of the facilities, with two additional facilities, Bayou Bend and Rienzi (house museums) at off site locations. The main public collections and exhibitions are in the Law, Beck, and Kinder buildings.[5][6] The Law and Beck buildings have over 130,000 square feet (12,000 m2) of exhibition space.[7]

The Susan and Fayez S. Sarofim Campus
  • Caroline Wiess Law Building – the original neo-classical building was designed in phases by architect William Ward Watkin. The original Caroline Wiess Law building was constructed in 1924 and the east and west wing were added in 1926. The Robert Lee Blaffer Memorial Wing was designed by Kenneth Franzheim and opened to the public in 1953. The new construction included significant structural improvements to several existing galleries—most notably, air conditioning. Two subsequent additions, Cullinan Hall and the Brown Pavilion, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe were built in 1958 and 1974 respectively. This section of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston campus is the only Mies-designed museum in the United States. The Caroline Wiess Law building provides an ideal space in which to exhibit temporary and traveling exhibitions, as well as installations of Oceanic art, Asian art, Indonesian gold artifacts, and Pre-Columbian and sub-Saharan African artworks. Of special interest is the Glassell Collection of African Gold, the largest assemblage of its kind in the world.[8] Also the Nidhika and Pershant Mehta Arts of India, the only space in Houston for Indian Arts Culture. Nidhika and Pershant Mehta, founders and owners of Luminess Cosmetics and Conture Skin care, contributed $500,000.00 to inaugurate these galleries.[9]
  • Audrey Jones Beck Building – Opened to the public in 2000, the Beck Building was designed by Rafael Moneo, a Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate and a respected Spanish architect of tremendous range.[10] The museum Trustees elected to name the building after Audrey Jones Beck in honor of the large collection she had donated to the museum several decades prior. In addition to traveling exhibitions and rotating temporary shows of photography, prints and drawings on the lower levels, the building displays the permanent collections of antiquities, European, and American art up to 1900, including the Impressionist.
  • Nancy and Rich Kinder Building – In 2012, the museum selected Steven Holl Architects to design a 164,000 sq ft (15,200 m2) expansion[11] that primarily holds galleries for art after 1900. Opened to the public in November of 2020, the new building occupies a two-acre site north of the Caroline Wiess Law Building. The new MFAH building is adjacent to Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden and an expanded Glassell School of Art. In addition to a theater, restaurant, café, and seven small gardens and reflecting pools inset along the building’s perimeter, the 237,213 square-foot Kinder building increases the museums overall exhibition space by nearly 75 percent.[11][12][13]
  • The Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden – was designed by US-born artist and landscape architect Isamu Noguchi and opened in 1986. The Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden houses more than twenty-five masterworks by some of the most acclaimed artists from the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries from the MFAH and other major collections. The garden itself is a sculpture that unites the pathways between the Caroline Wiess Law Building and the Glassell School of Art.
  • Glassell School of Art – founded in 1979 and designed by architect S. I. Morris, the Glassell School of Art offers programs under the Studio School for Adults. The Glassell School of Art serves as the teaching wing of the MFAH, with a variety of classes, workshops, and educational opportunities for students diverse in age, interests, experience, and needs. In 2014, Steven Holl designed a new L-shaped building for the school, featuring a ramped amphitheatre that leads up to a walkable rooftop garden.[11] In addition to opening onto Noguchi's sculpture garden and providing added outdoor space for programs and performances, the 80,000 sq ft (7,400 m2) building also sits atop an extensive underground parking garage.[11] The school offers classes at the Studio School for Adults and the Glassell Junior School, as well as Community Bridge Programs, special programs for youths, and the Core Artist-in-Residence Program.
  • Central Administration and Glassell Junior School of Art Building – The building, opened in 1994 and designed by Texan architectural designer Carlos Jimenez, houses the museum's administrative functions as well as the Glassell Junior School. The MFAH is the only museum facility in the United States that has a special building dedicated solely to art classes for children.[14]
  • The Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation Center for Conservation – is a 37,864-square-foot conservation center designed by Lake-Flato Architects that was completed in 2018. It is home to state-of-the art conservation labs and studios located above the museum's parking garage It is not open to the public.[15]

Other Facilities
  • Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens – features one of the nation's finest collections of American decorative art and furniture. The Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens, former home of Life Trustee Ima Hogg, was designed by architect John F. Staub in 1927. Miss Hogg donated the property to the MFAH in 1957, followed, in 1962, by the donation of its collection of paintings, furniture, ceramics, glass, metals, and textiles. Bayou Bend was officially dedicated and opened to the public in 1966. Situated on 14 acres (57,000 m2) of formal and woodland gardens five miles (8 km) from the main museum campus, the historic house museum documents American decorative and fine arts from the seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. It is esteemed as one of the nation's premier museums of decorative arts.
  • Rienzi – the MFAH house museum for European decorative arts, Rienzi was donated to the MFAH by Carroll Sterling Masterson and Harris Masterson III in 1991. The residence, named for Rienzi Johnston, Mr. Masterson's grandfather, is situated on 4.4 acres (18,000 m2) in Homewood Addition, surrounded by Houston's River Oaks neighborhood. The structure was designed in 1952 by John F. Staub, the same architect who designed Bayou Bend. Completed in 1954, Rienzi served as both a family home and a center for Houston civic and philanthropic activity from the 1950s through the mid-1990s. After Mr. Masterson's death, the MFAH transformed the home into a museum and subsequently opened it to the public in 1999[16]

History
Watkin Building, 1924

The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) is the oldest art museum in Texas. In 1917, the museum site was dedicated by the Houston Public School Art League (later the Houston Art League) with the intention of becoming a public art museum. The first museum building – opened to the public in 1924 – represented the determination of Houstonians to transform their growing city into a rich cultural center. Trustees and staff dedicated the small art collection to the community and defined the function of the museum as bringing “art into the everyday life” of all Houstonians. Today the MFAH encompasses two buildings, the Caroline Wiess Law and Audrey Jones Beck buildings, that house its primary collections and temporary exhibitions; two decorative arts house museums; The Glassell studio art school; a sculpture garden; a facility for conservation, storage and archives; and an administrative building with the Glassell Junior school of Art

Prior to the opening of the permanent museum building in 1924, George M. Dickson bequeathed to the collection its first important American and European oil paintings. In the 1930s, Houstonian Annette Finnigan began her donation of antiquities and Texas philanthropist Ima Hogg gave her collection of avant-garde European prints and drawings. Ima Hogg's gift was followed by the subsequent donations of her Southwest Native American and Frederic Remington collections during the 1940s. The same decade witnessed the 1944 bequest of eighty-three Renaissance paintings, sculptures and works on paper from renowned New York collectors Edith and Percy Straus. Over the next two decades, gifts from prominent Houston families and foundations concentrated on European art from the fifteenth to twentieth centuries, contemporary painting and sculpture, and African, Oceanic and Pre-Columbian art. Among these are the gifts of Life Trustees Sarah Campbell Blaffer, Dominique de Menil and Alice N. Hanzsen as well as that of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. Augmented by museum purchases, the permanent collection numbered 12,000 objects by 1970.

Museum circa 1926

The MFAH collection nearly doubled from 1970 to 1989, fueled by continued donations of art along with the advent of both accession endowment funding and corporate giving. In 1974, John and Audrey Jones Beck placed on long-term loan fifty Impressionist and Post-Impressionist masterpieces, augmenting the museum's already strong Impressionist collection. This collection would never leave the MFAH, formally entering its holdings in 1998 as a gift of Life Trustee Audrey Jones Beck. The collection is permanently displayed in the building that bears her name. On the heels of the Cullen Foundation's funding of the MFAH's first accessions endowment in 1970, the Brown Foundation, Inc., launched a challenge grant in 1976 that would stay in effect for twenty years raising funds for both accessions and operational costs in landmark amounts and providing incentive for additional community support. Also in 1976, the photography collection was established with Target Stores’ first corporate grant to the museum. Today the museum is the sixth-largest in the country.[17]

In 2001, the MFAH, established the International Center for the Arts of the Americas (ICAA), the leading research institute for 20th-century Latin American and Latino art. The ICAA has been a pioneer in collecting, exhibiting and researching the diverse artistic production of Latin American and Latinx communities, including artists from Mexico, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and artists of Latin American descent living and working in the United States. Through the ICAA, the MFAH brought a long-term transformation in the appreciation and understanding of Latin American and Latinx visual arts in the United States and abroad. <ref="nytimes.com> Hilarie M. Sheets (November 13, 2020), '

Collection

With approximately 70,000 works of art, the largest part of the museum's collection lie in the areas of Italian Renaissance painting, French Impressionism, photography, American and European decorative arts, African and pre-Columbian gold, American art, and post-1945 European and American painting and sculpture. Other facets of the collection include African-American art and Texas painting. Emerging collection interests of modern and contemporary Latin American art, Asian art, and Islamic art continue to strengthen the museum's collection diversity. As a result of its encyclopedic collection, the museum ranks nationally among the top ten art museums in attendance.[18]

Galleries

Arts of Oceania, Africa, & the Americas [* = mixed media: ** = painted wood: *** = earthenware]

  • Arambak (Papua New Guinea), Male Spirit Mask* (1900–25), height 119.4 cm.
  • New Ireland, Helmet Mask, tatanua* (1884–95), height 38.7 cm.
  • Jonathan Nangordo (Aboriginal Australian), Seven Emus** (c. 1956–60), 55.9 x 66 cm.
  • Zuñi Pueblo, Buffalo (Siwolo) Kachina Figure* (1913–17), height 43.2 cm.
  • Bamana peoples, ''Chi Wara society headdress*,(1900–35), height 120.7 cm.
  • Sudan, Bedu Mask** (1948–62), height 274.3 cm.
  • Igbo peoples (Nigeria), Mask of a Good or Beautiful Spirit** (1900–25), height 23.5 cm.
  • Moche (Peru), Skull Vessel*** (100–800 AD), height 22.2 cm.
  • Olmec, Seated Figure*** (1500–300 BC), height 30.5 cm.
  • Nayarit, Emaciated Seated Man*** (300 BC–30 AD), height 29.2 cm.

Arts of Asia and the Islamic World

  • Bian Shoumin, Wild Geese on Sandbank (1730), ink on paper, 132.1 × 70.2 cm.
  • Chinese, Protector Goddess Kong Tsan Demo Dorje (c. 1661–1722), gilt lacquered wood, 75.6 × 57.2 × 27.3 cm.
  • Kishi Ganku (Japan), Tiger in Landscape (1770-1839), ink and watercolor on paper, 171.2 × 372.1 × 1.5 cm.
  • Tibetan, Mahakala Heruka (17th century), gilt bronze, 10.8 × 10.1 × 5.7 cm.
  • Indian, Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita Cooking and Eating in the Wilderness (c. 1820), gouache & gold on paper, 21.6 × 16.5 cm.
  • Indian, Ganesh and Siddhi (10th-11th century), buff sandstone, 51.6 × 28.1 × 16.3 cm.
  • Persian, Incense Burner (12th century), bronze, cast, engraved and pierced, 30.2 × 30.5 × 12.1 cm.

Antiquities

  • Persian, Mountain Goat (3000 BC), silver, height 9.7 cm.
  • Assyrian, Guardian Figure (883–859 BC), Gypsum, height 107 cm.
  • Egyptian, Thoth, God of Wisdom and Scribes, as a Baboon (664–525 BC), faience, height 20.3 cm.
  • Egyptian, Mummy Mask (323–30 BC), Painted and gilded cartonnage, height 63.5 cm.
  • Greek, Attributed to the Hattatt Painter, Black-figure Amphora with Iliad Scene (540–520 BC), Terracotta, 26.2 × 14 cm.
  • Hellenistic Greek, Head of Poseidon Antigonos Doson (227–221 BC), bronze, height 28.9 cm.
  • Roman, Imperial Portrait of the Emperor Caligula, God and Ruler (37–41 AD), bronze, height 38.1 cm.
  • Roman, Dionysus with Pan (50–150 AD), Marble, height 132.1 cm.
  • Byzantine, Panel, Two Peacocks (501–700 AD), alabaster, 62.5 × 39.4 cm.

European and American painting (1400-1899) [all oil on canvas except: ** = tempera & gold leaf on panel; * = oil on panel]

Impressionism, postimpressionism, and early modern art [all oil on canvas unless noted otherwise]

Management

Philippe de Montebello directed the museum from 1969 to 1974.[19] During the 28-year tenure of Peter Marzio between 1982 and 2010, the Museum of Fine Arts’ yearly attendance increased to roughly two million from 300,000; its operating budget climbed to $52 million from $5 million, and its endowment reached $1 billion[17] (before the 2008 recession dropped its value to about $800 million).[19] The museum's permanent collection more than tripled in size, to 63,000 works from 20,000.[20] In 2010, Marzio was the sixth-highest-paid charity chief executive in the country, with compensation in 2008 of $1,054,939.[17] A year after Peter Marzio died in 2010, Gary Tinterow was appointed as the museum's director.[21] Mari Carmen Ramírez is a Puerto Rican Art curator and the Wortham Curator of Latin American Art at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

See also

Notes
  1. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston: About, ARTINFO, 2008, retrieved 2008-07-23
  2. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. "Museum of Fine Arts, Houston". Mfah.org. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  3. "Major Expansion of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Moves Forward with the Construction of the Audrey Jones Beck Building". Tfaoi.com. 1924-04-12. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  4. "Tips for Visiting - The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston". mfah.org. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  5. "Museum of Fine Arts: Sarofim (main) Campus". mfah.org. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  6. "Museum of Fine Arts: The Nancy and Rich Kinder Building". mfah.org. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  7. ""Ontologically, every thing is unique": Behind the Curtain at the MFAH - OffCite Blog". offcite.org. 16 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  8. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. "The Glassell Collections". Mfah.org. Archived from the original on 2011-02-10. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  9. Villarreal, Ignacio. "Museum of Fine Arts in Houston Opens Nidhika and Pershant Mehta Arts of India Gallery". artdaily.com. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  10. "The Hyatt Foundation". Pritzkerprize.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-09. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  11. Pei-Ru Keh (January 19, 2015), Steven Holl Architects' dramatic expansion design for The Museum of Fine Arts in Houston Wallpaper.
  12. Museum of Fine Arts, Houstom: Sarofim Campus (accessed 24 December 2020)
  13. Robin Pogrebin (February 7, 2012), Houston Museum Chooses Architect for Expansion Plan New York Times.
  14. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. "Glassell Junior School". Mfah.org. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  15. "Museum of Fine Arts, Houston: Campus Redevelopment". mfah.org. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  16. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. "Rienzi". Mfah.org. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  17. Rebecca S. Cohen (April 9, 2011), Replacing a Museum Director Who Was a Rare Find New York Times.
  18. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston: Collections (accessed 24 December 2020)
  19. Douglas Britt (December 12, 2010), Peter Marzio, 67; transformed Houston museum Houston Chronicle.
  20. William Grimes (December 11, 2010), Peter Marzio, Houston Museum Director, Dies at 67 New York Times.
  21. Carol Vogel (December 1, 2011), Met Veteran Named Director of Houston Art Museum New York Times.
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