NAPA (gene)

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein Alpha, also known as SNAP-α, is a protein that is involved in the intra-cellular trafficking and fusing of vesicles to target membranes in cells.[5]

NAPA
Identifiers
AliasesNAPA, SNSF attachment protein alpha
External IDsOMIM: 603215 MGI: 104563 HomoloGene: 2839 GeneCards: NAPA
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 19 (human)[1]
Band19q13.32-q13.33Start47,487,637 bp[1]
End47,515,091 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

8775

108124

Ensembl

ENSG00000105402

ENSMUSG00000006024

UniProt

P54920

Q9DB05

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_003827

NM_025898

RefSeq (protein)

NP_003818

NP_080174

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 47.49 – 47.52 MbChr 7: 16.1 – 16.12 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

The 'SNARE hypothesis' is a model explaining the process of docking and fusion of vesicles to their target membranes. According to this model, membrane proteins from the vesicle (v-SNAREs) and proteins from the target membrane (t-SNAREs) govern the specificity of vesicle targeting and docking through mutual recognition. Once the 2 classes of SNAREs bind to each other, they form a complex that recruits the general elements of the fusion apparatus, namely NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) and SNAPs (soluble NSF-attachment proteins), to the site of membrane fusion, thereby forming the 20S fusion complex. Alpha- and gamma-SNAP are found in a wide range of tissues and act synergistically in intra-Golgi transport. The sequence of the predicted 295-amino acid human protein encoded by NAPA shares 37%, 60%, and 67% identity with the sequences of yeast, Drosophila, and squid alpha-SNAP, respectively. Platelets contain some of the same proteins, including NSF, p115/TAP, alpha-SNAP (this protein), gamma-SNAP, and the t-SNAREs syntaxin-2 and syntaxin-4, that are used in many vesicular transport processes in other cell types. Platelet exocytosis uses a molecular mechanism similar to that used by other secretory cells, such as neurons, although the proteins used by the platelet and their modes of regulation may be quite different.

Clinical significance

NAPA is abnormally expressed in fetuses of both IVF and ICSI, which may contribute to the increased risk of birth defects in these methods of assisted reproductive technology (ART).[6]

Interactions

NAPA has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105402 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006024 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Clary DO, Griff IC, Rothman JE (1990). "SNAPs, a family of NSF attachment proteins involved in intracellular membrane fusion in animals and yeast". Cell. 61 (4): 709–21. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90482-t. PMID 2111733. S2CID 11468679.
  6. Zhang Y, Zhang YL, Feng C, Wu YT, Liu AX, Sheng JZ, Cai J, Huang HF (September 2008). "Comparative proteomic analysis of human placenta derived from assisted reproductive technology". Proteomics. 8 (20): 4344–56. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800294. PMID 18792929.
  7. Hanson PI, Otto H, Barton N, Jahn R (Jul 1995). "The N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein and alpha-SNAP induce a conformational change in syntaxin". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (28): 16955–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.28.16955. PMID 7622514.
  8. Barnard RJ, Morgan A, Burgoyne RD (Nov 1997). "Stimulation of NSF ATPase activity by alpha-SNAP is required for SNARE complex disassembly and exocytosis". J. Cell Biol. 139 (4): 875–83. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.875. PMC 2139964. PMID 9362506.
  9. Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (Oct 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
  10. McMahon HT, Missler M, Li C, Südhof TC (Oct 1995). "Complexins: cytosolic proteins that regulate SNAP receptor function". Cell. 83 (1): 111–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90239-2. PMID 7553862. S2CID 675343.
  11. Rabouille C, Kondo H, Newman R, Hui N, Freemont P, Warren G (Mar 1998). "Syntaxin 5 is a common component of the NSF- and p97-mediated reassembly pathways of Golgi cisternae from mitotic Golgi fragments in vitro". Cell. 92 (5): 603–10. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81128-9. PMID 9506515. S2CID 17285800.
  12. Miao Y, Miner C, Zhang L, Hanson PI, Dani A, Vig M (July 2013). "An essential and NSF independent role for α-SNAP in store-operated calcium entry". eLife. 2: e00802. doi:10.7554/eLife.00802. PMC 3713520. PMID 23878724.

Further reading

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