Names and titles of Muhammad

The name Muhammad (/mʊˈhæməd, -ˈhɑːməd/)[3] means "praiseworthy" and appears four times in the Quran.[4] The Quran addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant of God (abd), The gatherer (hashir),^{[Quran 2:119]} witness (shahid),^{[Quran 33:45]} bearer of good tidings (mubashshir), warner (nathir),^{[Quran 11:2]} reminder (mudhakkir),^{[Quran 88:21]} one who calls [unto God] (dā'ī),^{[Quran 12:108]} light personified (noor),^{[Quran 05:15]} and the light-giving lamp (siraj munir).^{[Quran 33:46]} Muhammad is sometimes addressed by designations deriving from his state at the time of the address: thus he is referred to as the enwrapped (Al-Muzzammil) in Quran 73:1 and the shrouded (al-muddaththir) in Quran 74:1.[5] In Sura Al-Ahzab 33:40 the Quran singles out Muhammad as the "Seal of the prophets", or the last of the prophets.[6] It also refers to Muhammad as Aḥmad "more praiseworthy" (Arabic: أحمد‎, Sura As-Saff 61:6).[7][8][9][10] The name of chapter Surah 47 of the Quran is "Muhammad".[11]

The name Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim,[12] begins with the kunya[13] Abū, which corresponds to the English, father of.[14]

Muhammad is often referenced with these titles or epithet by praise:

• Nabiyy/ Nabi (Arabic: أَلْنَّبِيّ an-Nābiyy), "The Prophet" – i.e.: "Prophet of Prophets"
• Rasoul’Allah/ Rasoul’Ullah (Arabic: رَسُولُ ٱلله Rasūl’Allāh/ Rasūl’Ullāh), "The Messenger of Allah"
• Habib/ Habeeb (Arabic: أَلْحَبِيب al-Ḥabīb), "The Beloved" – i.e. Habib’Ullah/Habib’Allah (Arabic: حَبِيبُ ٱلله al-Ḥabīb’Allāh/ al-Ḥabīb’Ullāh) "The Beloved of Allah"
• Mustafa/ Mustafaa (Arabic: أَلْمُصْطَفَى al-Muṣṭafā), "The Chosen/ Appointed"[22] – i.e: the "Prophet of Allah and Islam"
• Amin/ Ameen/ Amiyn (Arabic: أَلْأَمِين al-Amīn), "The Genuine/ Trustworthy/ Faithful"[23]
• Sadiq/ Sadeeq (Arabic: أَلْصَّدِيق aṣ-Ṣadīq), "The Honest/ Righteous/ Truthful"[24] – i.e: Siddīq
• Rauf/ Raouf/ Rawouf (Arabic: رَءُوف Raw’ūf), "Kind/ Compassionate/ Affectionate"[25]
• Uswatun Hasanah (Arabic: أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَة Uswatun Ḥasanah), "The Model of Excellent Conduct, Merit and Virtue"[26]
• Kamil/ Kaamil (Arabic: أَلْكَامِل al-Kamil), "The Perfect, Complete and Absolute", i.e.: al-Insan al-Kamil/ al-Insaan al-Kaamil (Arabic: أَلْإِنْسَانُ ٱلْكَامِل al-Insānu ’l-Kāmil), "The Man of All Men in Absoluteness, Completion, Perfection"[27]
• Khayr ul-Bashr (Arabic:خَيْرُ ٱلْبَشر al-Khayru ’l-Bashr), "The Best of Mankind"[28]
• Khatim an-Nabiyyin/ Khaatim an-Nabiyyin (Arabic: خَاتِمُ ٱلْنَبِيّين Khātim an-Nābiyyin), "The Last Seal/ End of Seal of All Prophets"[29]
• ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Alamin/ ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Aalameen/ ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Aalamiyn (Arabic: أَلْرَحْمَةٌ لِّلْعَالَمِين ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Ālamīn), "Merciful and Compassionate to the Universe (of All Creation)"[30] i.e.: the "Merciful and Compassionate to all Mankind, jinn and All Creation"
• al-Mubashir, "The Bearer of Good Tidings"[31]
• an-Nadhir, "The Warner"[31]
• al-Mudhakkir, "The Reminder"[32]
• ad-Dā‘ī, "The One Who Calls (unto God)"[33]
• al-Bashir, "The Announcer"[34]
• an-Nūr, "The Light Personified"[35]
• al-Misbah, "The Lamp/ Lantern" (lit. "Bringer of Light – Dawn") – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"[36]
• as-Siraaj, "The Lamp/ Lantern" – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"[36]
• Ni‘mat-Ullah, "The Divine Favour"[37]
• al-Ummiyy, "The Unlettered and Illiterate", i.e.: An-Nabiyyu l-Ummiyy, "The Prophet who is Unlettered and Illiterate"[38]
• al-Muzzammil, "The Enwrapped"[39]
• al-Muddathir, "The Shrouded"[40]
• al-'Aqib, "The Last (Prophet)"[41][42]
• al-Mutawakkil, "The One who Puts his Trust (in God)"[43]
• Qutham, "Of Perfect Character. Gifted With Every Merit."
• al-Mahi, "The Remover (of Disbelief)"[44]
• al-Hanif, "The One of Primordial Religion"
• Nâbîyyu at-Tawbah, "The Prophet of Penitence"
• al-Mu`azzaz, "The Strengthened One, the One Made Invulnerable"
• al-Muwaqqar, "Held in Awe"
• al-Fatih, "The Opener"
• al-Hashir, "The Gatherer (First to be Resurrected) on the Day of Judgement"[42]
• al-Shafî`, "The Intercessor"[45][46]
• Kareem (Arabic: كريمٍ Sd), "Noble and Generous"[47]
• /Shahed (Arabic: شَاهِدًا Sd), "A Witness"[48]
• al-Mushaffa`, "The One Whose Intercession Shall be Granted"[49]
• al-Mujtaba (Arabic: اَلْـمُـجْـتَـبَى‎, "the Chosen One")[50]
• Ahmad, "Most Deserving of Praise"[51]
• Hamid, "Praiser (of God)"
• Mahmood, "Praiseworthy"
• ‘Abd’Allah/ ‘Abd’Ullah, "Servant of Allah"[52]
• Akhir, "The End/ Last" – i.e. "Last Prophet",[53] "Last Messenger"[54]
• Khatim, "The Seal" - i.e. "Final Prophet"[55], "Final Messenger"[56]

He is also known by these names:

• Ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, "(Grand) Son/ Descendant of ‘Abd al-Muttalib"
• Abu ’l-Qasim (Arabic: أَبـو الـقَـاسـم‎, "Father of Al-Qasim [Qasim ibn Muhammad]") – father of the male child by his first wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid.
• Abu ‘Abd’Ullah, "Father of ‘Abd’Ullah bin Muhammad" – father of the male child by his first wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid.
• Abu Ibrahim, "Father of Ibrahim bin Muhammad" – father of the male child by his wife Maria al-Qibtiyya.
• Abu ’t-Tahir, "Father of the Pure"
• Abu ’t-Tayyib, "Father of the Pleasant"

In Turkey and by Muslims of the Balkans, he is often called Hazrat (Arabic: حضرت ḥadhrat; i.e. "His Presence/ Holiness") Muhammed, or "Peygamber Efendimiz" (Our messenger)[57] and in Iran, Central Asia and South Asia, he is often called Hazrat (Arabic: حضرت ḥadhrat; i.e. "His Presence/ Holiness") or Peyghambar (Persian: پيغمبر‎ messenger, literally: "he who gives or delivers the message").

Islamic scholars strongly emphasized the need whenever and wherever the name of Muhammad is spoken or written either in Arabic or one's own language, for Muslims to conventionally follow his name by the honorific phrase "Peace Be Upon Him" (often abbreviated "PBUH", lit. "Blessings of Allah be upon Him with Peace") in English, or said majorly in the Arabic ﷺ / صلى الله عليه وسلم (ṣalla’Allahu ‘alayhi wa-sallam, acronymically transcribed as "SAWS"), as omitting the use of such acronyms is considered inappropriate.

The salawat, practice of invocations, say blessings and salutations upon Muhammad, is encouraged to Muslims by a well-known verse of the Quran.[58]

• Islamic honorifics
• Durood
• Mawlid
• Na`at
• Madih nabawi
• Haḍra
• Dala'il al-Khayrat

Chiabotti, Francesco, Names, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776