Narrow-body aircraft

A narrow-body aircraft or single-aisle aircraft is an airliner arranged along a single aisle permitting up to 6-abreast seating in a cabin below 4 metres (13 ft) of width. In contrast, a wide-body aircraft is a larger airliner usually configured with multiple aisles and a fuselage diameter of more than 5 metres (16 ft) allowing at least seven-abreast seating and often more travel classes.

Four-abreast cross-section
Narrow-body Boeing 737 in front of a Boeing 777 wide-body

Capacity
280 seat Thomas Cook Boeing 757-300[1]

The highest seating capacity of a narrow-body aircraft is 295 passengers in the Boeing 757–300, while wide-body aircraft can accommodate between 250 and 600 passengers.

2-abreast aircraft seat typically 4 to 19 passengers, 3-abreast 24 to 45, 4-abreast 44 to 80, 5-abreast 85 to 130, 6-abreast 120 to 230.[2] For the flight length, medium-haul aircraft are typically the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737, while regional airliners typically cover short haul.

Market
Airbus A320 (foreground) and Boeing 737 (background)

Historically, beginning in the late 1960s and continuing through the 1990s, twin engine narrow-body aircraft, such as the Boeing 737 Classic, McDonnell-Douglas MD-80 and Airbus A320 were primarily employed in short to medium-haul markets requiring neither the range nor the passenger-carrying capacity of that period's wide-body aircraft.[3]

The re-engined B737 MAX and A320neo jets offer 500 miles more range, allowing them to operate the 3,000 miles transatlantic flights between the eastern U.S. and Western Europe, previously dominated by wide-body aircraft. Norwegian Air Shuttle, JetBlue Airways and TAP Portugal will open up direct routes bypassing airline hubs for lower fares between cheaper, smaller airports. The B737NG 3,300-mile range is insufficient for fully laden operations and operates at reduced capacity like the A318, while the Airbus A321LR could replace the less fuel efficient B757s used since their production ended in 2004.[4]

Boeing will face competition and pricing pressure from the Embraer E-Jet E2 family, Airbus A220 (formerly Bombardier CSeries) and Comac C919.[5]

Between 2016 and 2035, Flightglobal expects 26,860 single-aisles to be delivered for almost $1380 billion, 45% Airbus A320 family ceo and neo and 43% Boeing 737 NG and max.[6] By June 2018, there was 10,572 Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 MAX orders: 6,068 Airbuses (57%, 2,295 with CFMs, 1,623 with PWs and 2,150 with not yet decided engines) and 4,504 Boeings (43%); 3,446 in Asia-Pacific (33%), 2,349 in Europe (22%), 1,926 in North America (18%), 912 in Latin America (9%), 654 in Middle East (6%), 72 in Africa (1%) and 1,213 not yet bounded (11%).[7]

Many airlines have shown interest in the A321LR or its A321XLR derivative, and other extended-range models, for thin transatlantic and Asia-Pacific routes.[8]

Examples

Six-abreast cabin
TypeCountryProductionFuselage widthCabin widthMax. seatsEngines seat
width[lower-alpha 1]
Hawker Siddeley Trident[lower-alpha 2]UK1962–1978344 cm (135 in)[10] 1803 turbofan[lower-alpha 3]
Bristol BritanniaUK1952–1960 366 cm (144 in)[11] 350 cm (139 in)[12]1394×turboprop
Douglas DC-8[13]US1958–1972373 cm (147 in)351.2 cm (138 in)2694×turbojet/fan
Ilyushin Il-62[14]USSR/RU1963–1995 375 cm (148 in)349 cm (137 in)1864×turbofan
Vickers VC10[15]UK1962–1970375 cm (148 in)351 cm (138 in)[16]1514×turbofan
Boeing 707/Boeing 720[17]US1958–1979 376 cm (148 in) 354 cm (139 in)2194×turbojet/fan 17"
Boeing 737[18]US1966–present2202×turbofan17"
Boeing 757[19]US1981–20042952×turbofan 17"
Boeing 727[20]US1963–1984356 cm (140 in)1893×turbofan 16.9"
Tupolev Tu-154[21]USSR/Russia1968–2013 380 cm (150 in)358 cm (141 in)1803×turbofan
Tupolev Tu-204[22]Russia1990–present[lower-alpha 4]357 cm (141 in)2152×turbofan
Tupolev Tu-334Russia1999–20091022×turbofan
Yakovlev Yak-42USSR/Russia1977–2003360 cm (142 in)1203×turbofan
Dassault MercureFrance1971–1975366 cm (144 in)[23]1622×turbofan
Airbus A320 family[24]Multi1986–present395 cm (156 in)370 cm (146 in)2442×turbofan18"[25]
Comac C919China2016–present396 cm (156 in)[26]390 cm (154 in)[27]1742×turbofan
Irkut MC-21[28]Russia2017–present406 cm (160 in)381 cm (150 in)2302×turbofan
Tupolev Tu-114[lower-alpha 5]USSR1958–1963420 cm (165 in)406 cm (160 in)[16]2204×turboprop

Five-abreast cabin
TypeCountryProductionFuselage widthCabin widthMax. seatsEnginesSeat
width
de Havilland CometUK1949–1964292 cm (115 in)[30]814×turbojet
Douglas DC-4/DC-6/DC-7US1942–1958301 cm (118.5 in)[31]954×piston engine
Sud Aviation CaravelleFrance1958–1972301 cm (118.5 in)[32]802×turbojet
Vickers ViscountUK1948–1963305 cm (120 in)[33]754×turboprop
Fokker F28/Fokker 70/Fokker 100Netherlands1967–1997330 cm (130 in)310 cm (122 in)[34]1222×turbofan
Tupolev Tu-144[35]USSR1963–1983330 cm (130 in)[lower-alpha 6][36]1404×turbojet
McDonnell Douglas DC-9/MD-80/MD-90/Boeing 717[37]US1965–2006334.3 cm (131.6 in)311.2 cm (122.5 in)1722×turbofan17.9"
Antonov An-148/An-158Ukraine2002–present335 cm (132 in)313 cm (123 in)[38]992×turbofan
Comac ARJ21[39]China2007–present336 cm (132 in)314.3 cm (123.7 in)1052×turbofan
Boeing 377 StratocruiserUS1947–1963335 cm (132 in)[40]315 cm (124 in)[41]1144×piston engine
Ilyushin Il-18USSR1957–1985351 cm (138 in)[42] 315 cm (124 in)[16]1204×turboprop
BAC One-ElevenUK1963–1989315 cm (124 in)[34]1192×turbofan
Sukhoi Superjet 100Russia2007–present345 cm (136 in)[43]:451 323.6 cm (127 in)[44]1082×turbofan
Convair 880US1959–1962325 cm (128 in)[16]1104×turbojet
Convair 990US1961–1963325 cm (128 in)[16]1494×turbofan
Lockheed L-188 ElectraUS1957–1961325 cm (128 in)[16]984×turboprop
Lockheed ConstellationUS1943–1958328 cm (129 in)[45]1094×piston engine
Airbus A220Canada/Multi2012–present350 cm (138 in)[46]328 cm (129 in)1602×turbofan 18.6"
British Aerospace 146[47][lower-alpha 7]UK1987–2001350 cm (138 in)324 cm (128 in) 1124×turbofan

Four-abreast cabin
TypeCountryProductionFuselage widthCabin widthMax. seatsEnginesSeat
width
Yakovlev Yak-40USSR1966–1981240 cm (94 in)215 cm (85 in)403×turbofan
Douglas DC-3[50] US1936–1942, 1950250 cm (98 in)272×piston engine
De Havilland Dash 8[51] Canada1983–present269 cm (106 in)251 cm (99 in)902×turboprop17.3"
Fokker 27/Fokker 50 Netherlands1987–1997254 cm (100 in)[34]582×turboprop
Bombardier CRJ[52] Canada1991–present269 cm (106.1 in)255 cm (100.5 in)1042×turbofan17.3"
ATR 42/ATR 72[53] France/Italy1984–present280 cm (110 in)257 cm (101 in)782×turboprop18"
Concorde France/UK1965–1979262 cm (103 in)[34]1284×turbojet
Convair CV-240 US1947–1954271 cm (106.5 in)[41]402×piston engine
Tu-104/Tu-124/Tu-134[54] USSR1956–1984290 cm (114 in)271 cm (107 in)[55]56-842×jets
Embraer E-Jet/E-Jet E2[56] Brazil2001–present301 cm (119 in)274 cm (108 in)1462×turbofan18"
Mitsubishi Regional Jet[57] Japan2017–present276 cm (109 in)922×turbofan18.5"
Antonov An-24 USSR1959–1979277 cm (109 in)[34]502×turboprop

Three-abreast cabin
TypeCountryProductionFuselage widthCabin widthMax. seatsEnginesSeat
width
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter[58] Canada1965–1988, 2008–present175 cm (69 in)161 cm (63.2 in)192×turboprop
BAe Jetstream 31/41 UK1982–1997185 cm (73 in)[59]302×turboprop
Short 360 UK1981–1991193 cm (76 in)[60]362×turboprop
Embraer EMB 120[61] Brazil1983–2001228 cm (90 in)210 cm (83 in)302×turboprop17.3"
Embraer ERJ 145 family[62] Brazil1989–present228 cm (90 in)210 cm (83 in)502×turbofan17.3"
Saab 340/Saab 2000[63] Sweden1983–1999231 cm (91 in)216 cm (85 in)502×turboprop18.1"
Dornier 328 Germany1991–2000217.2 cm (85.5 in)[64]322×turboprop18.1"

Two-abreast cabin
TypeCountryProduction Fuselage width Cabin widthMax. seatsEngines
Beechcraft 1900US1982–2002 1.37m192×turboprop
Beechcraft Model 99US1968–1986 152×turboprop
Britten-Norman IslanderUK1965–present 92×piston engine
Britten-Norman TrislanderUK1970–1982 163×piston engine
de Havilland DoveUK1946–1947 8–112×piston engine
de Havilland HeronUK1950–1963 14–174×piston engine
Dornier 228Germany1981–1998, 2009–present 192×turboprop
Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante Brazil 1968–1990 19 2×turboprop
Evektor EV-55 OutbackCzech Republic2011–present 9–142×turboprop
Fairchild Swearingen MetrolinerUS1968–2001 192×turboprop
GAF NomadAustralia1975–1985 12–162×turboprop
  • Two-abreast Beech 1900
  • Four-abreast Dash 8
  • Six-abreast Airbus A320

See also

Notes
  1. with 2" armrests when not otherwise specified
  2. except seven-abreast for Channel Airways[9]
  3. +1 booster on some variants
  4. limited production
  5. up to eight-abreast in tourist class[29]
  6. Series Aircraft, 300 cm (118 in) prototype
  7. except six-abreast for some operators including CityJet[48] and Mahan Air[49]

References
  1. Thomas Cook B757-300, seatguru
  2. Ajoy Kumar Kundu (12 April 2010). Aircraft Design. Cambridge University Press. pp. 163–167. ISBN 978-1139487450. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  3. "The eye of the storm". The Economist. Retrieved 2017-11-03.
  4. Richard Weiss, Andrea Rothman and Benjamin D Katz (September 15, 2016), "Your next trans-Atlantic trip may be on Boeing's smallest plane, the humble 737", Bloomberg
  5. Trefis stock analysis (March 6, 2014), "New Entrants Pose a Challenge to Boeing's Share of the Global Commercial Airplane Market", Forbes Great Speculations, Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own
  6. "Flight Fleet Forecast's single-aisle outlook 2016–2035". Flight Global. 10 November 2016.
  7. "Infographic: How is the narrowbody market-share shaping up?". Flight Global. 12 July 2018.
  8. Adrian Schofield, Sean Broderick, Kerry Reals and Jens Flottau (Jan 30, 2019). "Long-Range Narrowbodies Open New Airline Opportunities". Aviation Week & Space Technology.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  9. "Variants". Shockcone.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  10. "Commercial aircraft survey". Flight International. 23 Oct 1975.
  11. Greg Goebel (1 Aug 2018). "The Bristol Britannia & Vickers Viscount". AirVectors.
  12. "Commercial aircraft of the world" (PDF). Flight International. 20 Nov 1959.
  13. "Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). Boeing. 1989.
  14. John Pike Page (Sep 7, 2011). "Il-62 Classic". GlobalSecurity.
  15. "A Little VC10derness". vc10.net. 2017-02-26.
  16. "Commercial Aircraft of the world". Flight International. 23 Nov 1961.
  17. 707 acaps
  18. 737 acaps
  19. 757 acaps
  20. 727 acaps
  21. "tu-154 specs". Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
  22. Élodie Roux (2007). Avions civils à réaction : plan 3 vues et données caractéristiques. p. 610. ISBN 9782952938020.
  23. Peter Middleton (20 May 1971). "Dassault Mercure". Flight International. p. 726.
  24. "A321neo details". Airbus.
  25. "A321 aircraft characteristics" (PDF). Airbus. Feb 1, 2019.
  26. Bradley Perrett (8 September 2009). "Comac Begins Building C919 Structure". Aviation Week. Lay summary.
  27. "Zhuhai10: COMAC releases C919 specifications". Flight Global. 16 November 2010.
  28. "MC-21 aircraft family specifications and performance". Irkut.
  29. "Tupolev Tu-114". Flight. 28 Feb 1958. p. 286.
  30. "Commercial Aircraft of the world". Flight International. 23 Nov 1961.
  31. "Commercial Aircraft of the world". Flight International. 23 Nov 1961.
  32. "Commercial Aircraft of the world". Flight International. 23 Nov 1961.
  33. "Commercial Aircraft of the world". Flight International. 23 Nov 1961.
  34. "Commercial aircraft survey". Flight International. 23 Oct 1975.
  35. TU-144 SS Technical Specs: Accommodation
  36. "Dimensions - Series Aircraft". TU-144 SST.
  37. "MD-80 Series Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). McDonnell Douglas. Dec 1989.
  38. Peter Collins (28 Nov 2011). "A flight test of Antonov's An-158 regional jet". Flightglobal.
  39. Élodie Roux (2007). Avions civils à réaction : plan 3 vues et données caractéristiques. p. 60. ISBN 9782952938020.
  40. "The Development Of Boeing's 367-80 or Charging Into the Jet Age Armed With Only a Slide Rule and Spline".
  41. "commercial aircraft of the world". Flight. 20 November 1959.
  42. "Inside the 11-18". Flight International. 1 July 1960.
  43. Jane's all the world's aircraft. 2005.
  44. "SSJ100 Datasheet" (PDF). SuperJet International. 2011.
  45. "Commercial Aircraft of the world". Flight International. 23 Nov 1961.
  46. Bombardier Aerospace Commercial Aircraft Customer Support: Airport planning publication Archived 2016-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, p. 5.
  47. Élodie Roux (2007). Avions civils à réaction : plan 3 vues et données caractéristiques. p. 162. ISBN 9782952938020.
  48. "SeatGuru Seat Map Air France RJ-85 Avroliner". SeatGuru. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  49. "Seat Map". Mahan Air. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  50. "Douglas DC-3". Buffalo Airways. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  51. "Q Series Brochure" (PDF). Bombardier. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  52. "CRJ Series Brochure" (PDF). Bombardier. 2017.
  53. "ATR 72–600 Quick view" (PDF). ATR. October 2018.
  54. southampton.ac.uk/~jps7/Aircraft%20Design%20Resources/Aircraft%20configuration/russian%20aircraft%20data.xls
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  56. "Embraer 195 Airport Planning Manual" (PDF). Embraer. 9 Oct 2015.
  57. "MRJ Brochure" (PDF). Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation. 2016.
  58. "Twin Otter Series 400 Technical Description". Viking Air Ltd.
  59. "High performance Jetstream 31". FLIGHT International. 10 October 1981.
  60. "Shorts 360 joins commuterliner battle". FLIGHT International. 2 August 1980.
  61. "Airport Planning Manual" (PDF). Embraer. 30 Oct 2000.
  62. "Airport Planning Manual" (PDF). Embraer. 29 Jan 2007.
  63. "SAAB 2000" (PDF). Saab Aircraft Leasing. 2009.
  64. "Dornier 328-100 (TP)" (PDF). 328 Support Services GmbH. 2013.
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