Nervilia
Nervilia, commonly known as shield orchids, is a genus of orchids with about 80 species widely distributed across most of sub-Saharan Africa, southern Asia (Saudi Arabia, India, China, Japan, Indochina, Indonesia, etc.), Australia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.[1][2] Six species occur in Australia (2 or 3 of these endemic),[3] with 16 in India,[4] 10 in China[5] and 5 in South Africa.[6]
| Shield orchids | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nervilia concolor in the Tsukuba Botanical Garden | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Nervilieae |
| Subtribe: | Nerviliinae Schltr. |
| Genus: | Nervilia Comm. ex Gaudich. |
| Species | |
|
About 65, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Description
Orchids in the genus Nervilia are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with an oval to almost spherical tuber and sometimes a few short roots. One or two flowers are borne on an erect, fleshy, leafless flowering stem. When flowering the plants lack leaves, but a single erect or gound-hugging leaf develops after the flower has fully opened. The leaves are usually wrinkled or crumpled with distinct, fan-like veins, giving rise to the genus name. The flowers are often short-lived, lasting for only a few days. The sepals and petals are similar, but the labellum is prominent and often composed of three lobes. The genus is poorly understood, mainly because the flower and leaf are present at different times, so that herbarium specimens are often incomplete.[3][7][8]
Taxonomy and naming
The genus Nervilia was first formally described in 1827 by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré after an unpublished description by Philibert Commerson. The description was published in his book Voyage autour du monde.[1][9] The name Nervilia is derived from the Latin word nervus meaning "nerve",[10] referring to the veined leaves.[11]
Nervilia is the sole member of its subtribe, the Nerviliinae.[12]
Species list
The following is a list of species of Nervilia recognised by the Index Kewensis as at 16 August 2018:[13]
- Nervilia acuminata (J.J.Sm.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia adolphi Schltr., 1915
- Nervilia affinis Schltr., 1924
- Nervilia alishanensis T.C.Shu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo (2012)
- Nervilia apiculata Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia ballii G.Will., 1980
- Nervilia bandana (Blume) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia beumeei J.J.Sm., 1927
- Nervilia bicarinata (Blume) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia borneensis (J.J.Sm.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia brevilobata C.S.Leou, C.L.Yeh & S.W.Gale
- Nervilia campestris (J.J.Sm.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., 1826
- Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf. 1846
- Nervilia cumberlegii Seidenf. & Smitinand, 1965
- Nervilia dilatata (Blume) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia falcata (King & Pantl.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia fuerstenbergiana Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia futago S.W.Gale & T.Yukawa 2015
- Nervilia gammieana (Hook.f.) Pfitzer, 1888
- Nervilia gleadowii A.N.Rao, 1992
- Nervilia gracilis Aver., 2011
- Nervilia grandiflora Schltr., 1910
- Nervilia hirsuta (Blume) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia hispida Blatt. & McCann, 1932
- Nervilia holochila (F.Muell.) Schltr., 1866
- Nervilia hookeriana (King & Pantl.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia ignobilis Tuyama, 1940
- Nervilia imperatetorum Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & McCann, 1932
- Nervilia jacksoniae Rinehart & Fosberg, 1991
- Nervilia juliana (Roxb.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia kasiensis S.W.Gale & Phaways., 2017
- Nervilia khaoyaica Suddee, Wattana & S.W.Gale, 2013
- Nervilia khasiana (King & Pantl.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia kotschyi (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia lanyuensis S.S.Ying, 1989
- Nervilia leguminosarum Jum. & H.Perrier, 1912
- Nervilia lilacea Jum. & H.Perrier, 1911
- Nervilia linearilabia T.P.Lin, 2014
- Nervilia mackinnonii (Duthie) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia macroglossa (Hook.f.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia macrophylla Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia maculata (E.C.Parish & Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia maliana Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia multinervis Cavestro, 2017
- Nervilia muratana S.W.Gale & S.K.Wu, 2017
- Nervilia nipponica Makino, 1909
- Nervilia oxyglossa Fukuy., 1937
- Nervilia palawensis Schltr., 1921
- Nervilia pallidiflora Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia pangteyana Jalal, Kumar & G.S.Rawat, 2012
- Nervilia pectinata P.J.Cribb, 1977
- Nervilia peltata B.Gray & D.L.Jones, 1994
- Nervilia petaloidea Carr, 1933
- Nervilia petraea (Afzel. ex Sw.) Summerh., 1945
- Nervilia platychila Schltr., 1906
- Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia porphyrophylla Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia pudica (Ames) W.Suarez, 2015
- Nervilia punctata (Blume) Makino, 1902
- Nervilia ratis T.P.Lin & Y.N.Chang, 2013
- Nervilia renschiana (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia sciaphila Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia seranica J.J.Sm., 1928
- Nervilia shirensis (Rolfe) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia similis Schltr., 1915
- Nervilia stolziana Schltr., 1915
- Nervilia subintegra Summerh., 1938
- Nervilia tahanshanensis T.P.Lin & W.M.Lin, 2009
- Nervilia taitoensis (Hayata) Schltr., 1911
- Nervilia taiwaniana S.S.Ying, 1978
- Nervilia trichophylla Fukuy., 1940
- Nervilia umenoi Fukuy., 1940
- Nervilia umphangensis Suddee, Rueangr. & S.W.Gale, 2014
- Nervilia uniflora (F.Muell.) Schltr., 1866
- Nervilia winckelii J.J.Sm., 1918
References
- "Nervilia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 280. ISBN 1877069124.
- Orchid Kerala, Nervilia
- Flora of China v 25 p 197, 芋兰属 yu lan shu, Nervilia Commerson ex Gaudichaud, Voy. Uranie, Bot. 421. 1829.
- Plants of Southern Africa: an Online Check List
- "Nervilia". Flora of China. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- "Nervilia". Flora of Pakistan. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- Gaudichaud-Beaupré, Charles (1826). Voyage autour du monde. Paris. pp. 421–422. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 555.
- Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC world dictionary of plant names: common names, scientific names, eponyms and etymology. Boca Raton, Florida USA: CRC Press. p. 1814. ISBN 0849326737.
- Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André (2015). "An updated classification of Orchidaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 151–174. doi:10.1111/boj.12234. ISSN 0024-4074.
- Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. "Nervilia". World Checklist of Orchidaceae.