Neuropeptide FF

NPFF Neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia.

NPFF
Identifiers
AliasesNPFF, FMRFAL, neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor
External IDsOMIM: 604643 MGI: 1891708 HomoloGene: 48236 GeneCards: NPFF
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 12 (human)[1]
Band12q13.13Start53,506,690 bp[1]
End53,507,638 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

8620

54615

Ensembl

ENSG00000139574

ENSMUSG00000023052

UniProt

O15130

Q9WVA8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_003717
NM_001320296

NM_018787

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001307225
NP_003708

NP_061257

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 53.51 – 53.51 MbChr 15: 102.52 – 102.52 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

In humans, Neuropeptide FF peptides are encoded by the NPFF gene. Two genes encoding two different receptors (NPFF1 and NPFF2) and two precursors (NPFFA and NPFFB) have been cloned in several mammalian species.[5][6]

Function

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and RFamide related peptides issued from two precursors interact with good affinity with two subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors, namely NPFF1 and NPFF2 subtypes and are involved in several physiological functions such as cardiovascular regulation, hormonal control, macrophage activation, body temperature homeostasis and pain modulation.[6]

Processing of the NPFFA precursor at basic proteolytic sites should generate a NPFF-containing peptide with three additional N-terminal amino acids different between species, and a NPSF (SLAAPQRFa)-containing peptide, the length of which depends on the species. NPFFB, identified as a precursor for RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs, also called GnIH for gonadotropin inhibitory hormone), contains a LPLRFa-containing peptide and a peptide sharing with NPFF the same C-terminal PQRFamide motif, such as NPVF (VPNLPQRFa) in human.

NPFF and opioid systems have been shown to interact at several levels, from animal behavior to receptor molecules. Nociception is the physiological function in which this interaction has been the most extensively studied but reward, locomotion, feeding and intestinal motility are also affected. Endogenous opioids are necessary for the analgesic properties of spinally injected NPFF while endogenous NPFF peptides are involved in the process of analgesic tolerance/hyperalgesia induced by chronic opioid treatment.

NPFF also controls the number and metabolic effects of adipose tissue macrophages, and NPFF is necessary for adipose tissue health.[7]

See also

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000139574 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023052 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Perry SJ, Yi-Kung Huang E, Cronk D, Bagust J, Sharma R, Walker RJ, Wilson S, Burke JF (June 1997). "A human gene encoding morphine modulating peptides related to NPFF and FMRFamide". FEBS Letters. 409 (3): 426–30. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00557-7. PMID 9224703. S2CID 40412541.
  6. "Entrez Gene: NPFF neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor".
  7. Waqas SF, Hoang AC, Lin YT, Ampem G, Azegrouz H, Balogh L, Thuróczy J, Chen JC, Gerling IC, Nam S, Lim JS, Martinez-Ibañez J, Real JT, Paschke S, Quillet R, Ayachi S, Simonin F, Schneider EM, Brinkman JA, Lamming DW, Seroogy CM, Röszer T (June 2017). "Neuropeptide FF increases M2 activation and self-renewal of adipose tissue macrophages". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 127 (7): 2842–2854. doi:10.1172/JCI90152. PMC 5490745. PMID 28581443.

Further reading

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