Ngarbuh massacre

On 14 February 2020, six Cameroonian soldiers, accompanied by armed Mbororos and Ambazonian detractors, carried out a massacre of civilians in Ngarbuh, a neighborhood in the town of Ntumbaw, in Ndu, Donga-Mantung Division, Northwest Region, Cameroon.[1] At least 22 people were killed,[2] including 14 children, 9 of whom were younger than 5.[2] The attack was part of the Anglophone Crisis, an armed conflict between separatists of proto-state Ambazonia (comprising Northwest and Southwest Regions) and Cameroon, which it is within.[2]

Initially no one claimed responsibility for the attack, while the separatists blamed Cameroon.[2] The Cameroonian government admitted that the Cameroonian Army had been responsible for the deaths, and claimed civilians were killed by an accidental explosion that had been triggered when stray bullets had hit a fuel tank during a firefight with separatists.[3] The Cameroonian Army claimed to have killed seven separatists during the incident.[3] Opposition parties and aid agencies rejected this explanation, accusing the army of carrying out a massacre of civilians.[3] Local residents said that 35 people were killed by the Army, who broke into residents houses, where they shot civilians and burned their houses.[3] The Cameroonian government continued to insist that only five civilians had been killed,[4] although independent sources were able to verify the names of 25 dead civilians already the day after the attack.[1] Attempting to cover up the details of the incident, on 24 February, soldiers arrested a man who had given information about the Ngarbuh massacre to the media.[5] An alleged eye witness to the massacre was murdered on February 29.[6]

Human Rights Watch ran an investigation, interviewing 23 people, three of whom witnessed the attack. The investigation debunked the claims made by the government and established that Cameroonian soldiers and armed Fulani had carried out a massacre of civilians. Human Rights Watch also confirmed that there had been no separatist fighters present during the massacre.[7] The Cameroonian government responded to the report by accusing the author of conspiring with the separatists to create false stories.[8]

The United Nations condemned the attack, and encouraged Cameroon to prosecute the perpetrators.[9] This reaction was echoed by that of the United States.[10] Cameroonian opposition politician Maurice Kamto called for a national day of mourning.[11]

In early March, it was reported that the Cameroonian Army had arrested and questioned nine soldiers about the massacre, including two colonels.[12] After running its own investigation, the government concluded that three soldiers and a local vigilante group had accidentally killed 13 civilians during a firefight with separatist fighters. After realizing their mistake, the report claimed, the soldiers and the militiamen set fire to buildings in order to erase any evidence.[13] Three soldiers were subsequently arrested.[14]

The report and the arrests were met with appreciation internationally and by human rights organizations, while the Ambazonia Governing Council accused the Cameroonian government of "presenting false justification of the systematic killing of civilians".[14]

In late May 2020, the military set up a base in Ngarbuh, with the stated aim of cutting off a separatist supply route from Nigeria. Within a week, more than 300 villagers had fled, fearing the presence of soldiers.[15]

Ntumbaw continued to be a battleground between separatists and armed Mbororos. On May 12, 2020, around 30 armed Mbororos killed two civilians after accusing separatists of killing seven Mbororos.[16] In October, armed Mbororos killed a separatist fighter, and were subsequently hunted down by separatists.[17]