Oenococcus oeni

Oenococcus oeni (known as Leuconostoc oeni until 1995) is a Gram-positive bacterial species in the genus of Oenococcus.[1] It was the only species in the genus until 2006, when the species Oenococcus kitaharae was identified. As its name implies, Oe. oeni holds major importance in the field of oenology, where it is the primary bacterium involved in completing the malolactic fermentation.[2]

Oenococcus oeni
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Division:
Firmicutes
Class:
Bacilli
Order:
Lactobacillales
Family:
Leuconostocaceae
Genus:
Oenococcus

(Garvie 1967) Dicks et al. 1995
Species:
O. oeni
Binomial name
Oenococcus oeni
Synonyms

Leuconostoc oeni

Diacetyl
Diacetyl

Diacetyl in wine is produced by lactic acid bacteria, mainly Oe. oeni. In low levels, it can impart positive nutty or caramel characters, but at levels above 5 mg/l, it creates an intense buttery or butterscotch flavour, where it is perceived as a flaw. The sensory threshold for the compound can vary depending on the levels of certain wine components, such as sulfur dioxide. It can be produced as a metabolite of citric acid when all of the malic acid has been consumed. Diacetyl rarely taints wine to levels where it becomes undrinkable.[3]

References
  1. Grandvalet, C (2017). "MicrobeProfile- Oenococcus oeni: Queen of the cellar, nightmare of geneticists". Microbiology. 163 (2): 297–299. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000456. PMID 28356170.
  2. Kunkee, R. E. 1973. Malo-Lactic Fermentation and Winemaking. In, The Chemistry of Winemaking, Adv. Chem. Ser. 137, A. D. Webb, Ed. American Chemical Society. Washington DC.
  3. Gibson, George; Farkas, Mike Flaws and Faults in Wine. URL accessed on 12 March 2006.


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