Olbiaspididae

Olbiaspididae is a family of extinct amphiaspidid heterostracan agnathans whose fossils are restricted to Lower Devonian marine strata of Siberia near the Taimyr Peninsula. In life, all amphiaspidids are thought to be benthic animals that lived most of their lives mostly buried in the sediment of a series of hypersaline lagoons. Amphiaspids are easily distinguished from other heterostracans in that all of the plates of the cephalothoracic armor are fused into a single, muff-like unit, so that the forebody of the living animal would have looked, in the case of olbiaspidids, vaguely like a hot water bottle with a pair of small, or degenerated eyes, with each flanked by a preorbital opening, and a simple, slit-like mouth positioned at the anteriormost portion of the cephalothoracic armor.

Olbiaspididae Temporal range: Early Devonian
reconstruction of Olbiaspis coalescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Pteraspidomorphi
Subclass:	Heterostraci
Order:	Cyathaspidiformes
(unranked):	Amphiaspidida
Superfamily:	Amphiaspidoidei
Family:	Olbiaspididae
Genera
Olbiaspis Kureykaspis Angaraspis

Olbiaspidids differ from the amphiaspidoid amphiaspids of Amphiaspididae in that olbiaspidids have wing-like extensions of the cephalothoracic armor that the genera of Amphiaspididae lack, and differ from amphiaspidoid amphiaspids of Gabreyaspididae in that gabreyaspidids' mouths are ventrally positioned, whereas the mouths of olbiaspidids are positioned anteriorly.