Omphalodes

Omphalodes (navelwort) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, widely distributed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. In spring they produce blue or white flowers similar to forget-me-nots.[1]

Omphalodes
Omphalodes verna
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Boraginoideae
Genus: Omphalodes
Mill., 1754
Type species
Omphalodes verna
Moench
Species

See species list

Both the Greek Omphalodes (navel-like) and the English "navelwort" refer to the shape of the seeds.[2]

O. verna and cultivars of O. cappadocica are grown in gardens for their blue flowers which in spring appear above the leaves in loose sprays. They are woodland plants, preferring some shade.

Systematics

The genus Omphalodes traditionally contained many species that have been split-off in 2014 and 2016[3][4][5][6] The Japanese "Omphalodes" and "Omphalodes scorpioides" turned out not to be closely related to Omphalodes, and were separated as distinct genera, Nihon and Memoremea respectively.[3] Serrano et al. separated the Iberian annual species as Iberodes.[4] This left the remainder of species from Western Eurasia as sister to New World species, including the Chatham Islands (off the coast of New Zealand) endemic species Myosotidium hortensia. The clade of the New World species also included the Juan Fernández Islands (off the coast of Chile) endemic Selkirkia berteroi and three species formerly placed in Cynoglossum, which were then transferred to a more broadly circumscribed genus Selkirkia.[5] The majority of the North American "Omphalodes" species were then split-off as Mimophytum.[6]

Omphalodes in its strict sense comprises Western Eurasian perennial species with a creeping rhizome.[6]

References
  1. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1-4053-3296-4.
  2. Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names. USA: Timber Press. pp. 312. ISBN 978-1-60469-196-2.
  3. Otero, A.; Jiménez-Mejías, P.; Valcárcel, V.; Vargas, P. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and morphology support two new genera (Memoremea and Nihon) of Boraginaceae s.s." (PDF). Phytotaxa. 173 (4): 241–277. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.288.2.3.
  4. Serrano, M.; Carbajal, R.; Pereira Coutinho, A.; Ortiz, S. (2016). "Two new genera in the Omphalodes group (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae)". Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía). 234: 1–14.
  5. Holstein, N.; Chacón, J.; Hilger, H. H.; Weigend, M. (2016). "No longer shipwrecked—Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American "Omphalodes" based on molecular data". Phytotaxa. 270 (4): 231–251. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.270.4.1.
  6. Holstein, N.; Chacón, J.; Otero, A.; Jiménez-Mejías, P.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Towards a monophyletic Omphalodes—or an expansion of North American Mimophytum". Phytotaxa. 288 (2): 131–144. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.288.2.3.
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