Oto-Pamean languages

The Oto-Pamean languages are a branch of the Oto-Manguean languages that includes languages of the Otomi-Mazahua, Matlatzinca, and Pamean language groups all of which are spoken in central Mexico. Like all Oto-Manguean languages, the Oto-Pamean languages are tonal languages, though most have relatively simple tone systems.[1] Unlike many Oto-Manguean languages that tend towards an isolating typology, they are morphologically complex headmarking languages with complex systems of conjugational classes both for verbs and nouns, and in the Pamean languages there are highly complex patterns of suppletion.

Oto-Pamean
Geographic
distribution		Mexico
Linguistic classificationOto-Manguean
  • Western ?
    • Oto-Pame–Chinantecan ?
      • Oto-Pamean
Subdivisions
Glottologotop1242

Classification

Proto-language
Proto-Oto-Pamean
Reconstruction ofOto-Pamean languages

Four vowels with nasalization contrast are reconstructed for Proto-Oto-Pamean by Bartholomew (1989):[5]

  • *a, *e, *i, *o
  • *ã, *ẽ, *ĩ, *õ


Lexical reconstructions of Proto-Oto-Pamean by Bartholomew (1989) are given below, along with synchronic Oto-Pamean languages:<ref name="Bartholomew-1989">

English glossProto-Oto-PameanOtomiMatlazincaNorth PameMazahuaOcuiltecoChichimeco
chile*ʔiʔimiʔeiʔiʔimiʔe
blood*kʰikʰiči-hyabikkʰikʰiʔinči-hyakʰe
squirrel*mi-nãminãminimeigŋmi
tell*si-pšipʰišisepšipʰise
pull*kiʔHC-mʔkʰɨʔmikɨɨzakkeʔednkʰɨbʔɨnkɨbikeʔenʔ
chin*kʰiHC-nʔkʰɨninčɨrikʰwelʔkʔɨdʔɨnčɨli
beans*kʰiHC-ʔkʰɨčʰɨnkʰweʔkʰɨʔɨčʰɨkʰeʔ
louse*tʔotʔonitʔolʔotʔoʔotʔorʔo
house*tʔo-stʔoši 'bed'tʔoši 'supper'lʔostʔošɨ 'bed'rʔos
stone*=todontotondontoro
flower*=toHC-ndənitənitogŋndəhnəndəro
hen*ʔoHC-nʔəniʔəniʔogŋʔənəʔə
hear*ʔoHC-tʔədeʔətiʔoʔʔərəʔətiʔo
water*=tehdegetawitændehentari
to weave*pepepappæpeʔempapi
mouth*nenenanæneʔeši-na 'lips'ni
people*tetetalæteʔetạ
spider*me-smešemašimæsmešemaši
to cough*hyehhehehyewi 'a cold'hhæhehehe
a cold*t-hehtʰehehyewiri-tʰyæʔætʰe
one*nʔaʔnadawindadahalantʔa
plain*mʔa-tʰaʔmatʰabatinibiabʔatʰɨbati
horse*pah-nʔpʰanipariwahalʔpʰadʔɨbali
straw mat*pĩh-ʔši-mpʰĩmpʰiwippẽhiʔpʰi-ngwapʰi
drunken*tĩ, *nĩntĩnimitĩʔini
to look*nõnũnunnõʔonũʔunu 'wake up'nũʔu
to tie up*tõ-tʔ/cʔtũtʔituncʔi 'know'ttocʔ 'knot'tũntʔɨtuncʔitucʔ 'knot'
to die*tũtũtuwittõtũʔuturũ
owner*mʰõʰmũmʰumʰõʔʰmũʔumʰumʰũ
to steal*pẽpæ̃pewippæ̃pẽpeppĩ
tortilla*mʰẽʰmæ̃mʰewimʰæ̃mʰe
tamale*tʰẽ-ttʰæ̃ditʰetilʰæ̃ʔætʰẽʒẽtʰentirʔĩhi
atole*tʔẽ-mtʔæ̃itʔemilʔæ̃ŋtʔẽʰmetʔerʔĩ
to roast*hã-shãšihəšihãshãšahəšihüs
to say*mã-mmãməmimmãŋmãmãməmã
to know*pã-tpãdipəyappã 'visit'pãrampəyapã 'see'
to buy*tao-mtɔitamittaogŋtɔmɨtata
mucus*mʔao-sʔmɔšimaši 'nose'mbaosbʔɔšɨmaši 'nose'
to ask*ʔao-nʔʔɔniʔariʔahodnʔʔɔnɨʔaliʔan
to try*caocɔcopicʔaoʔsɔʔɔco
avocado*cʔao-ncʔɔnicʔonicʔaogŋsʔɔhnɨcʔo
to stand up*mʔao-mʔʔmɔibʔɔbʔɨnbohobi
white*tʔoa-stʔašitʔošiddoatʔɔšɨnuʔu
plow*tʔoa-ptʔabitʔopitʔɔbitʔopirʔu
bat*coa-cʔcacʔicocʔičoacʔcocʔi
foot*koagwakwahtukoangwaʔagu
wing*hoahwanʰowihoahwaʔanʰo
maguey*nʔoaʔwadaddoaʔwadɨnlootinʔu
bitter*kʰãokʰũčʰəkʰãokʰõʔočʰəkʰã
to sing*tãohtũhutəwindãotõhotə
moon*mʔão-ʔmbəmʔãoʔbəmʔãʔ
night*são-mšũišəmisãošõmɨlšũsã
shadow*são-t/mʔšũdišubisãotšõrɨčʰubi
corn*tʰõatʰãtʰuwilʰõatʰõʔotʰu
cornfield*nhõa-ʰmhwãhinominʰõahwãʰmanunʰũ
to confess*kõah-kʰwãnikunyakkõahokʰwãmʔa
to beat*paih-ʔmʔpʰæʔmipapippahiʔpʰæʔbʔipe
to abandon*hai-k/mʔhægihabihaigŋhæzihabihe
abandoned*hi-ai-khyægihečinʰiagŋhyæzihečihi
hand*nʔi-aiʔyæyenʔiadyʔæʔæyenʔi
liver*niayaya 'heart'niaya 'heart'
to dance*nãih-mʔnẽinəbinnãhiʔnẽmʔenəhəbinẽheʔ
to nurse*coicɨčuʔuciʔsiʔicičüʔ
to ride horseback*teogtəgellæogŋčəgənde
to burn*ceonzecetizərə
meat*nkoeHCngəŋgwæʔngegu
star*coeHCcənceʔesehece
cold*coecæcecæsæʔæceči
to split wood*coe-nʔcænisericcæʔædnceličin
fly*ʔõiʔwæ̃ʔuʔẽiʔwængwiʔẽ
hunger*tʰõitʰũhulʰõitʰĩʰmitʰu
squash*mõih-ʔmũmuhumõhiʔmũʔumuʰlimũhuʔ
sand*mĩo-m-mũmumimmẽoŋmu
full*nĩo-tyũdinutinæ̃ñiʒinuti
three*nʰĩohyũhyunʰõʔʰñĩʔihyunʰũ

References
  1. Arellanes, F., Carranza, L., Peón, M. E. C., Fidencio, V., Guerrero, A., Knapp, M., & Romero, A. Hacia una tipología tonal de las lenguas otopames. RAÍCES, 1(2), 3.
  2. Palancar, Enrique L. 2016. Oto-Pamean
  3. Bartholomew, Doris. 1965. The Reconstruction of Oto-Pamean (Mexico). PhD Dissertation. Tulane University.
  4. Soustelle, J., 1937. La Famille Otomi-Pame du Mexique Central. Travaux et Mémoires de l̂Institut d̂Ethnologie. Paris: Université de Paris.
  5. Bartholomew, Doris A. 1989. The Proto Otopamean vowel system and the development of Matlatzinca. In Mary Ritchie Key and Henry M. Hoenigswald (eds.), General and Amerindian ethnolinguistics: in remembrance of Stanley Newman, 345-363. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.