Pak Yung-hio

Park Yeong-hyo (1861 – 21 September 1939) was a Korean politician of the Joseon Dynasty period, enlightenment activist, diplomat and pro-Japanese collaborator. Park was one of the organizers of the Gapsin coup of 1884, in which progressive political elements attempted to overthrow the conservative Korean government. His courtesy name was Chungo, Hyeonhyeongeosa, and he later held the title of Count of Geumryung. Park was the son-in-law of King Cheoljong, the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty.

In this Korean name, the family name is Park.
Pak Yung-hio
Born1861
Suwon, Joseon
(now Suwon, South Korea)
Died21 September 1939(1939-09-21) (aged 78)
Keijo, Japanese Korea
(now Seoul, South Korea)
NationalityKorean
OccupationPolitician
Spouse(s)
Princess Yeonghye
​
​
(m. 1872⁠–⁠1872)​
Partner(s)Sun Gil-dang

Lady Beom

Park Kyeong-hui
Parents
  • Park Won-yang (father)
  • Lady Lee of the Jeonui Lee clan (mother)
RelativesPark Chan-ju (granddaughter)

Yi Cheong (great-grandson)

Yi Jong (great-grandson)
FamilyBannam Park clan
Birth name
Hangul
박영효
Hanja
Revised RomanizationPak Yeonghyo
McCune–ReischauerPak Yŏnghyo
Pen name
Hangul
춘고 or 현현거사
Hanja
Revised RomanizationChungo or Hyeonhyeon-geosa
McCune–ReischauerCh'un'go or Hyǒnhyǒn-kǒsa
Courtesy name
Hangul
자순
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJasun
McCune–ReischauerChasun
Japanese name:
Yamasaki Eiharu
(山崎永春)

Early life and education

Park was born in Suwon, south of Seoul. He was the third son of Park Won-yang (박원양, 1804-1880), and his mother was Lady Lee of the Jeonui Lee clan (1817-1884); Park also had a distant connection with the royal family by birth: his 7-great-grandfather was Park Se-gyo (朴世橋/박세교, 1611-1663), the son of King Seonjo's 5th daughter, Princess Jinan (정안옹주, 1590-1660). On 3 April 1872, Park was chosen to be the spouse of Princess Yeonghye (영혜옹주; 永惠翁主), the only living daughter of King Cheoljong, the 25th king of the Joseon Dynasty. However, the princess passed away merely three months later after their marriage on 4 July 1872. To retain their royal status, they never had a child together, and his children were all acknowledged as his children with the concubines. [1][2]

Later, together with Kim Ok-gyun, Park was a strong supporter of the Dongnipdang, or “Enlightenment Party”, which sought to reform the Korean government, economy, and military by incorporating Western technology and methodology, so that Korea would become stable enough in time to withstand increasing foreign encroachment. He accompanied Kim on his visit to Tokyo, meeting with various influential Japanese politicians, including Fukuzawa Yukichi.


Personal Life

After completing his studies at The University of Edinburgh, he had 3 children; Park Jin-seo, Park Il-seo, Park Myo-ok.

7 grandchildren; Park Seung-kwang, Park Joo-ok, Park Il-hwa, Lee In-won, Lee Dong-kyun, Park Min-do, Park Yun-bae.

7 great-grandchildren; Lee Ju-eun, Park Ja-seong, Lee Eun-ji, Park Yeong-ho, Park Da-bin, Park Seung-joo, Park Seong-ho.

12 great-great-grandchildren; Seo Ye-ra, Seo Ki-hyun, Seo Dae-han, Park Chan-hee, Park Jun-ho, Park Kang-bae, Ryu Chae-bin, Park Sol, Park Kye-na, Ryu Sa-bin, Ryu Yeon-bin, Park Yu-no.

Career

Park is credited with creating the first Korean national flag, in 1882.[3]

Gapsin Coup

Park was one of the leaders of the 1884 Gapsin Coup that attempted to overthrow the Korean government and institute Western-style reforms. The coup attempt lasted only three days before its suppression by Chinese troops. Park was forced to flee to exile in Japan, where he initially stayed with Fukuzawa Yukichi, before moving on to Kobe.

Subsequent career

Park served briefly as Interior Minister in 1895, playing an important role in opening up Korea. However, following the Gabo Reform and the assassination of Queen Min, Park fled to exile in Japan, where he remained until 1907. On his return, he accepted the post of Royal Household Minister under Ye Wanyong.

Following the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910, in which Korea was annexed to the Empire of Japan, Park was awarded with the kazoku title of marquess (koshaku) in the Japanese peerage, and a seat in the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan. He served as Director of the Bank of Chosen in 1918, Chairman of the Korean Economic Association in 1919, first president of The Dong-a Ilbo newspaper in 1920, president of the Kyungbang Corporation, chairman of the Korea Industrialization Bank in 1921, and advisor to the Government-General of Korea’s Central Institute. In 1935, he was listed as one of the 353 most prominent Koreans.

Family
  • Great-Grandfather
    • Park Hae-su (박해수, 朴海壽)
  • Grandfather
    • Park Jae-dang (박제당, 朴齊堂) (1784 - 1858)
  • Grandmother
    • Lady Yi of the Yeonan Yi clan (연안 이씨, 延安李氏) (1783 - 1818)
  • Father
    • Park Won-yang (박원양, 朴元陽) (1804 - 17 December 1884)
  • Mother
    • Lady Lee of the Jeonui Lee clan (전의 이씨, 全義李氏) (1817 - 1884)
  • Sisters
    • Older sister: Lady park of the Bannam Park clan; married Lee Il-yeong (이일영)
    • Older sister: Lady Park of the Bannam Park clan; married Kim Cheol-hyeon (김철현)
  • Brothers
    • Older brother: Park Yeong-gyo (박영교, 朴泳敎) (1849 - 1884)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨, 德水李氏) (1849 - 1914)
        • Nephew: Park Tae-seo (박태서, 朴泰緖) (1875 - 1940)
    • Older Brother: Park Yeong-ho (박영호, 朴泳好) (1852 - 1897)
  • Wife
    • Princess Yeonghye (영혜옹주, 永惠翁主) (1858 - 1872); King Cheoljong’s daughter
  • Concubines
    • Court Lady Sun Gil-dang (상궁 순길당, 順吉堂)
    • Lady Beom (교전비 방나인 범씨, 轎前婢 房內人 范氏)
    • Park Kyeong-hui (박경희, 朴景熙) (1870 - ?)
  • Sons
    • Park Myo-ok (박묘옥, 朴妙玉)
      • Daughter-in-law: Han Gab-hyun (한갑현)
    • Park Jin-eso (박진서, 朴振緖) (1893 - ?)
    • Park Il-seo (박일서, 朴日緖) (1897 - 1931)
      • Daughter-in-law: Park Won-hui (박원희) (1889 - 1969)
  • Granddaughters
    • Park Chan-ju (박찬주, 朴贊珠) (11 December 1914 – 13 July 1995)
      • Grandson-in-law: Yi U (이우, 李鍝) (15 August 1912 - 7 July 1945)
        • Great-Grandson: Yi Cheong (이청, 李淸) (23 April 1936)
          • Great-Granddaughter-in-law: Kim Chae-yeong (김채영) (1949)
            • Unnamed great-great-grandson
        • Great-Grandson: Yi Jong (이종, 李淙) (9 November 1940 - 25 December 1966)
    • Park Chan-ok (박찬옥, 朴贊玉)
  • Grandsons
    • Park Chan-byeom (박찬범, 朴贊汎) (1917 - 1986)
      • Granddaughter-in-law: Yi Hae-chun (이해춘, 李海珺) (1920 - 2009), later divorced; third daughter of Yi Kang
        • Great-Grandson: Park Hyeong-woo (박형우, 朴亨雨) (1937 - 2012)
    • Park Chan-ik (박찬익, 朴贊益) (1920 - 2003)
        • Great-Grandson: Park Mi-woo (박미우, 朴美雨)
        • Great-Grandson: Park Il-woo (박일우, 朴一雨)
        • Great-Grandson: Park Joon-woo (박준우, 朴俊雨)
    • Park Chan-woo (박찬우, 朴贊友); died prematurely
    • Park Chan-eung (박찬웅, 朴贊雄) (1926 - 1950)
    • Park Chan-yong (박찬용, 朴贊用) (1927 - 1945)

Writings

See also

References
  1. "반남박씨세보 潘南朴氏世譜, 10권". FamilySearch. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  2. "《반남박씨세보 5권》" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  3. Bak Yeonghyo:Korean historical person information (in Korean)
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