Panax

The Panax (ginseng) genus belongs to the Araliaceae[1] (ivy) family. Panax species are characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin. Panax is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian and east North American distribution.[2] Furthermore, this disjunct distribution is asymmetric as only two of the ~18 species in genus are native to North America.

Panax
Panax quinquefolius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Araliaceae
Subfamily: Aralioideae
Genus: Panax
L.
Species

See text

Etymology
American ginseng at Monk Garden in Wisconsin .

The name Panax, meaning "all-healing" in Greek, shares the same origin as "panacea" and was used for this genus because Carl Linnaeus was aware of its wide use in Chinese medicine.

Panax species

Genus Panax[3]

Subgenus Panax
Section Panax
Series Notoginseng
Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (known as san qi, tian qi or tien chi)
Series Panax
Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. [4]
var. angustifolius (Burkill) J.Wen
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng, Asiatic ginseng, Oriental ginseng)[5]
Panax japonicus (T.Nees) C.A.Mey. (Japanese ginseng)[6][7][8]
Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng)
Panax sokpayensis Shiva K.Sharma & Pandit [9]
Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.
Panax wangianus S.C.Sun [10]
Panax zingiberensis C.Y.Wu & Feng
Section Pseudoginseng
Panax pseudoginseng Wall.
Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng [11][12]
Subgenus Trifolius
Panax trifolius L.

References
  1. "Ivy Family - Araliaceae - Common names". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  2. Zuo, Yun-Juan; Wen, Jun; Ma, Jin-Shuang; Zhou, Shi-Liang (2015). "Evolutionary radiation of the Panax bipinnatifidus species complex (Araliaceae) in the Sino-Himalayan region of eastern Asia as inferred from AFLP analysis". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (3): 210–220. doi:10.1111/jse.12119. ISSN 1759-6831.
  3. "'Panax search' from the Plant List". The Plant List, v. 1.1. 2013. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  4. "Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. — The Plant List". Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  5. "Asian Ginseng". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). September 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  6. Rai, Amit; Yamazaki, Mami; Takahashi, Hiroki; Nakamura, Michimi; Kojoma, Mareshige; Suzuki, Hideyuki; Saito, Kazuki (2016). "RNA-seq Transcriptome Analysis of Panax japonicus, and Its Comparison with Other Panax Species to Identify Potential Genes Involved in the Saponins Biosynthesis". Frontiers in Plant Science. 7: 481. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00481. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 4828455. PMID 27148308.
  7. "Japanese ginseng". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  8. Plantae Medicinales oder Sammlung offizineller Pflanzen.
  9. Sharma, Shiva Kumar; Pandit, Maharaj Krishan (2009). "A New Species of Panax L. (Araliaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya, India". Systematic Botany. 34 (2): 434–438. doi:10.1600/036364409788606235. JSTOR 40211904.
  10. "Panax wangianus S.C.Sun — The Plant List". Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  11. "Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng — The Plant List". Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  12. Trieu, Le Ngoc; Mien, Nguyen Tuong; Van Tien, Tran; Van Ket, Nguyen; Van Duy, Nong (16 March 2016). "Genetic diversity of Tsai in North Vietnam detected by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers". Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 30 (3): 506–511. doi:10.1080/13102818.2016.1157448.


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