Patrick Shaw-Stewart

Patrick Shaw-Stewart was born in Aber Artro Hall, near Llanbedr in Merionethshire, Wales. He was the son of Maj. Gen. John Heron Maxwell Shaw-Stewart (1831–1908), a military engineer, and Mary Catherine Bedingfeld Shaw-Stewart.

His career was one of great academic brilliance, matched by a steely determination to succeed. He came first in the Eton scholarship in 1901, a year after his friend, Ronald Knox, had come first in the same examination. He won the Newcastle Scholarship at Eton in 1905. At Oxford, he won the Craven, the Ireland, and the Hertford Scholarships in Classics as well as taking a double first in Classical Moderations in 1908 and Greats in 1910. Elected to a fellowship of All Souls' College, Oxford, he instead committed his career to Barings Bank, where he was appointed one of the youngest managing directors in the bank's history, in 1913.

At this time he became devoted to Lady Diana Manners and wrote her many intimate letters full of erotic allusions to Greek and Latin literature, though it proved to be a case of unrequited love, as Manners was devoted to Raymond Asquith. He became a leading member of her "corrupt coterie," known as the Coterie.

Shaw-Stewart served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. When war was declared in 1914, he joined the Royal Naval Division, serving with Rupert Brooke. Shaw-Stewart was present at Brooke's burial on Skyros and commanded the firing party. He was shaken by his prominent role in the young poet's funeral in Greece:

"The brilliant and beguiling youth who had never failed in anything, for whom all life's prizes seemed to wait his taking, had little wish to outlive his friends. He now used all his charm and influence in high places to get into the firing line."[1]

While he was at Imbros he seemed to enjoy speaking ancient Greek to the inhabitants of the island; in one of his letters he wrote: "here I am, living in a Greek village and talking the language of Demosthenes to the inhabitants (who are really quite clever at taking my meaning)."[2]

In 1916 the Cross of Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour was conferred upon him "in recognition of valuable services rendered"[3] and, later the same year, he was awarded the Croix de Guerre.[4]

Promoted to lieutenant commander and in temporary command of the Hood Battalion, he was killed on 30 December 1917, in France, after being struck in the mouth by a shell fragment. He is buried at Metz-en-Couture in the British extension to the communal cemetery.[5]

His fame today stems from one of his poems, Achilles in the Trench, one of the best-known of the war poems of the First World War. It was written while Shaw-Stewart waited to be sent to fight at Gallipoli and was on leave on the island of Imbros, overlooking Hisarlik (the site of the ancient city of Troy), and in the poem, Shaw-Stewart makes numerous references to the Iliad, questioning, "Was it so hard, Achilles,/So very hard to die?" In the stanza beginning, "O hell of ships and cities," he plays on the similarity of "hell" and "Helen," imitating the similar wordplay in Aeschylus' Agamemnon 681–690.[6] In the final stanza he evokes the image of flame-capped Achilles screaming from the Achaean ramparts after the death of Patroclus, and requests that Achilles likewise shout for him during the battle.

The first biography of Shaw-Stewart, by Ronald Knox, was published in 1920.[7] Elizabeth Vandiver's Stand in the Trench, Achilles includes a detailed discussion of Shaw-Stewart.[8] A new biography by Miles Jebb was published in May 2010.[9][10]

A memorial to him was erected at Balliol College, Oxford, on the west wall of the Chapel passage.[11] He is also named on the War Memorial in the antechapel at All Souls College, Oxford[12] and on a war memorial outside Munlochy, Highlands.

• Julian Grenfell
• Siegfried Sassoon

• Charlotte Higgins, "'Achilles in the Trenches': The Iliad and the Poetry of WW1", The Guardian, Monday, 1 March 2010.
• Evelyn Waugh (1959), Ronald Knox: A Biography, 1988 reprint, London: Cassell, ISBN 0-304-31475-7 .
• Jebb, Miles (2010). Patrick Shaw Stewart: An Edwardian Meteor. The Dovecote Press. ISBN 978-1904349778.

• Biography from Balliol College, Oxford
• Text of "Achilles in the Trench"
• Patrick Shaw-Stewart