Pericardial sinus

Pericardial sinus
	Posterior wall of the pericardial sac, showing the lines of reflection of the serous pericardium on the great vessels. (Transverse sinus labeled at center. Oblique sinus not labeled, but visible inferior to transverse sinus between the right and left pulmonary veins)
Identifiers
TA98	A12.1.07.001
TA2	3349
FMA	77132
	Anatomical terminology

The pericardial sinuses are impressions in the pericardial sac formed between the points where great vessels enter it.

Structure

There are three pericardial sinuses: superior, transverse and oblique.[1]

The superior sinus is anterior to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.[1] It cannot be assessed in electrophysiology procedures.[1]

The oblique sinus is an inverted U-shaped reflection of the venae cavae and pulmonary veins.[2] It lies behind the atria (particularly the left atrium),[1] and in between left and right pulmonary veins.
The transverse sinus is the tunnel-shaped passage posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk , and anterior to the superior vena cava.[1][2] This sinus is clinically important because passing one end of clamp through the sinus, and the other end anterior to the aorta/pulmonary trunk will allow complete blockage of blood output. This is performed during some heart surgeries.

During pericardial effusion, fluid may build up in the pericardial sinuses.[3] This may be diagnosed with transoesophageal echocardiography.[3]

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 526 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

Issa, Ziad F.; Miller, John M.; Zipes, Douglas P. (2019-01-01), Issa, Ziad F.; Miller, John M.; Zipes, Douglas P. (eds.), "27 - Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia", Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology (Third Edition), Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 907–924, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-52356-1.00027-x, ISBN 978-0-323-52356-1, retrieved 2020-11-16
Klick, John C.; Ali, Jafer; Avery, Edwin G. (2014-01-01), Reich, David L.; Fischer, Gregory W. (eds.), "23 - Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pericardial Disease", Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 253–264, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0761-4.00023-2, ISBN 978-1-4557-0761-4, retrieved 2020-11-16
Oxorn, Donald C.; Otto, Catherine M. (2018-01-01), Oxorn, Donald C.; Otto, Catherine M. (eds.), "9 - Pericardial disease", Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography (Second Edition), Elsevier, pp. 311–322, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35825-5.00018-x, ISBN 978-0-323-35825-5, retrieved 2020-11-16

Anatomy photo:20:04-0101 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Heart: Transverse and Oblique Pericardial Sinuses"
thoraxlesson4 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (pericardialsinuses)

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