Phare de Gatteville
Phare de Gatteville, also known as Pointe de Barfleur Light, is an active lighthouse near Gatteville-le-Phare at the tip of Barfleur, Manche department, in the Lower Normandy region of France. At a height of 247 feet (75 m) it is the third tallest "traditional lighthouse" in the world.[4]
 Phare de Gatteville in 2007 | |
  France | |
| |
| Location | Gatteville-le-Phare France |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 49°41′47.12″N 1°15′57.29″W |
| Year first constructed | 1775 |
| Year first lit | 1835 |
| Automated | 1984 |
| Construction | granite tower |
| Tower shape | cylindrical tower attached to 2-story keeper's complex with balcony and lantern |
| Markings / pattern | unpainted tower, black lantern |
| Tower height | 247 feet (75 m)[1] |
| Focal height | 236 feet (72 m)[2] |
| Current lens | 300mm [3] |
| Range | 29 nautical miles (54 km) |
| Characteristic | Fl (2) W 10s |
| Fog signal | Horn: (60 meters N.E.) 2 bl. ev. 60s (bl. 2s, si. 3s, bl. 2s, si. 53s). |
| Admiralty number | A1454 |
| NGA number | 114-8428 |
| ARLHS number | FRA-300 |
| Heritage | registered historic monument, monument historique classé  |
History
Strong currents and many shipwrecks at the tip of Barfleur, the most famous of which being the White Ship, necessitated building a lighthouse at the location. In 1774 a cylindrical 25 metres (82 ft) granite lighthouse with a stone rectangular main building were built. The lighthouse was topped with a coal fire. It was first lit on November 1, 1775, and was originally called Phare de Barfleur (Barfleur Lighthouse).
In September 1780 the lantern was replaced with 16 oil lamps with a fire glazed glass lantern and Tourtille-Sangrain reflectors.
In 1825 an upgrade of the lens was planned, requiring raising the tower an additional 32 metres (105 ft), but the building proved not to be wide enough. Thus, the architect Charles-Félix Morice de la Rue drew plans for the tallest lighthouse in the world for that time. It was built 60 metres (200 ft) from the old lighthouse. Building took place from 1829 to 1835 and the light was first lit on April 1, 1835. The smaller tower's lantern was removed, and it was turned into a semaphore. It remains on site.
Vegetable oil was used until 1873, when it was replaced by mineral oil. On May 20, 1891 the name of the lighthouse was changed to Phare de Gatteville (Gatteville Lighthouse). On January 17, 1893 the lantern was replaced with an electric lantern.
Sautter-Harle mercury bearings were installed in 1903.
In 1944 the lighthouse was liberated without major damage and quickly returned to operation. In 1948 it was connected to the electrical network.
The lighthouse remained open to the public until 1996, when it was closed for renovation. It reopened July 5, 1997, as a lighthouse museum.
Structure and light
The tower is cylindrical with a gallery and a lantern. It is 25 metres (82 ft) in diameter at the base and 6 metres (20 ft) at the bridge. It is attached to a 2-story keeper's complex which forms a U-shape around the base of the tower. Visitors can climb 365 stairs to reach the gallery.
The current light is a 1600 watt xenon lamp. One lamp is lit on clear days and two on bad weather.
Appearance in media
The 1981 film Diva by Jean-Jacques Beineix was partially shot at the lighthouse.[5]
References
- according to the List of Lights. 74.75 metres (245.2 ft) according to the Ministère de la culture
- according to the List of Lights. 78.85 metres (258.7 ft) according to the Ministère de la culture
- "Ministère de la culture - Mérimée". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 8 August 2010.
- Rowlett, Russ. "The Tallest Lighthouses". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- "Diva film locations". www.movie-locations.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- List of Lights, Pub. 114: British Isles, English Channel and North Sea (PDF). List of Lights. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2009. p. 131. under "Pointe de Barfleur".
- Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of France: Basse-Normandie (Western Normandy)". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. under "Gatteville (Pointe de Barfleur) (2)"