Phenuiviridae

Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales.[1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Member genus Phlebovirus is the only genus of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus).[2]

Phenuiviridae
Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family: Phenuiviridae

Virology

Structure
Rift Valley fever virus structure

Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12).[2]

Genome

Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family.[3] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment.[1]

Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases.[4] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome.

Life cycle

RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated.[4] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript.[2]

Taxonomy

The following genera are recognized:[5]

  • Bandavirus
  • Beidivirus
  • Coguvirus
  • Entovirus
  • Goukovirus
  • Horwuvirus
  • Hudivirus
  • Hudovirus
  • Ixovirus
  • Laulavirus
  • Lentinuvirus
  • Mobuvirus
  • Phasivirus
  • Phlebovirus
  • Pidchovirus
  • Rubodvirus
  • Tenuivirus
  • Uukuvirus
  • Wenrivirus

References
  1. "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  2. , http://viralzone.expasy.org/7101?outline=all_by_species.
  3. , https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1980418.
  4. Tercero, Breanna; Terasaki, Kaori; Nakagawa, Keisuke; Narayanan, Krishna; Makino, Shinji (Oct 2019). "A strand-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for distinguishing the genomic and antigenomic RNAs of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus". Journal of Virological Methods. 272: 113701. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113701. ISSN 1879-0984. PMC 6698219. PMID 31315022.
  5. "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 6 May 2020.


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